Extruded-expelled Soybean Meal Research Articles

PSII-8 Effects of Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal and Benzoic Acid on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Carcass Fat Iodine Value of Finishing Pigs

Abstract A total of 2,162 pigs (PIC 1050 × DNA 600; initially 31.4 ± 0.47 kg) were used in a 109-d finishing trial to evaluate the effects of extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESBM) and benzoic acid on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass fat iodine value. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 27 to 28 pigs per pen and 20 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of soybean meal source and benzoic acid. Diets contained either conventional soybean meal (SBM) or extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESBM; Lester Feed and Grain, Lester, IA) with or without 0.25% benzoic acid (VevoVitall, DSM Nutritional Products; Parsippany, NJ). The EESBM was analyzed to be 43.2% CP and 7.73% fat (acid hydrolysis). Experimental diets were not balanced for energy, but rather formulated to the same SID Lys:ME ratio and fed based on a feed budget from d 0 to 109 in 6 phases. Overall (d 0 to 109), there were no interactions between soybean meal source and benzoic acid (P > 0.10; Table 1). There was a main effect of soybean meal source where pigs fed EESBM had reduced (P = 0.010) ADFI compared with pigs fed conventional SBM without influencing ADG, resulting in increased (P < 0.001) G:F. Also, pigs fed diets with benzoic acid had reduced (P = 0.022) ADFI compared with pigs fed diets without benzoic acid without changes in ADG, resulting in pigs fed benzoic acid having increased (P = 0.006) G:F. When evaluating caloric efficiency, pigs fed diets containing benzoic acid had improved (P < 0.001) metabolizable energy (ME) caloric efficiency compared with pigs fed diets without benzoic acid, with soybean meal source not having any impact. For carcass belly fat IV, pigs fed EESBM had increased (P < 0.001) carcass belly fat iodine value compared with pigs fed conventional SBM. In summary, replacing conventional SBM with EESBM and the addition of benzoic acid improved feed efficiency. Also, as expected, pigs fed EESBM had a greater carcass belly fat iodine value compared with pigs fed conventional SBM, most likely due to the greater dietary unsaturated fatty acid contribution from EESBM.

The Impact of Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal on Carcass Traits and Intestinal Morphometry of Broiler Chickens

The Impact of Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal on Carcass Traits and Intestinal Morphometry of Broiler Chickens

Effects of Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal and Benzoic Acid on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Carcass Iodine Value of Finishing Pigs

A total of 2,162 pigs (PIC 1050 × DNA 600; initially 69.2 ± 4.9 lb) were used in a 109-d finishing trial to evaluate the effects of extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESBM) and benzoic acid on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass iodine value. Pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 27 to 28 pigs per pen and 20 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of soybean meal source and benzoic acid. Diets contained either conventional soybean meal (SBM) or extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESBM; Lester Feed and Grain, Lester, IA) with or without 0.25% VevoVitall (DSM Products; Parsippany, NJ), a source of benzoic acid. The EESBM was analyzed to be 43.2% CP and 7.73% fat (acid hydrolysis). Experimental diets were not balanced for energy, but rather formulated to the same SID Lys:ME ratio and fed based on a feed budget from d 0 to 109 in 6 phases. Overall (d 0 to 109), there were no interactions between soybean meal source and benzoic acid addition. There was a main effect of soybean meal source where pigs fed conventional SBM had greater (P = 0.01) ADFI compared to pigs fed EESBM without influencing ADG, resulting in improved (P < 0.001) F/G. Also, pigs fed diets without benzoic acid had greater (P = 0.02) ADFI compared to pigs fed diets that contained benzoic acid without influencing ADG, resulting in pigs fed benzoic acid having improved (P = 0.01) F/G. When evaluating caloric efficiency, pigs fed diets containing benzoic acid had improved (P < 0.001) caloric efficiency compared to pigs fed diets without benzoic acid, with soybean meal source not having any impact. For carcass characteristics, pigs fed EESBM had increased (P < 0.001) carcass fat iodine value compared to pigs fed conventional SBM. For economics, there was a main effect of soybean meal source where pigs fed EESBM had a higher (P ≤ 0.002) feed cost per pig placed in the low and high feed cost scenarios. There were no differences in revenue per pig placed in the low or high revenue scenarios regardless of soybean meal source or the inclusion of benzoic acid. Pigs fed conventional SBM had a higher (P ≤ 0.02) income over feed cost (IOFC) compared to pigs fed EESBM in the high feed cost, high revenue; high feed cost, low revenue; and low feed cost, low revenue scenarios. In summary, replacing conventional SBM with EESBM improved feed efficiency, but due to increased feed cost without influencing gain, it was less economical as measured by IOFC. Also, the addition of benzoic acid improved feed efficiency but did not improve IOFC.

Energy content of intact and heat-treated dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed to growing pigs.

An experiment was performed to evaluate the energy content of extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESBM) and the effects of heat treatment on energy utilization in growing pigs. Eighteen growing barrows (18.03 ± 0.61 kg initial body weight) were individually housed in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments (six replicates per treatment). The three experimental diets were the following: a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet and two test diets with simple substitution of a basal diet with intact EESBM or heat-treated EESBM (heat-EESBM) at a 7:3 ratio. Intact EESBM was autoclaved at 121 °C for 60 min to make heat-treated EESBM. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 16 d, including 10 d for adaptation and 6 d for total collection of feces and urine. Pigs were then moved into indirect calorimetry chambers to determine 24-h heat production and 12-h fasting heat production. The energy content of EESBM was calculated using the difference method. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS with the individual pig as the experimental unit. Pigs fed heat-EESBM diets showed lower (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy, and nitrogen than those fed intact EESBM. A trend (P ≤ 0.10) was observed for greater heat increments in pigs fed intact EESBM than those fed heat-EESBM. This resulted in intact EESBM having greater (P < 0.05) digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents than heat-EESBM. However, no difference was observed in net energy (NE) contents between intact EESBM and heat-EESBM, showing a tendency (P ≤ 0.10) toward an increase in NE/ME efficiency in heat-EESBM, but comparable NE contents between intact and heat-EESBM. In conclusion, respective values of DE, ME, and NE are 4,591 kcal/kg, 4,099 kcal/kg, and 3,189 kcal/kg in intact EESBM on a DM basis. It is recommended to use NE values of feedstuffs that are exposed to heat for accurate diet formulation.

PSII-20 Energy Evaluation of Heat-treated and Intact Extruded-expelled Soybean Meal for Growing Pigs

Abstract An experiment was performed to evaluate the energy contents of extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESBM) and the effects of thermal treatment on energy utilization in growing pigs. Eighteen growing barrows (18.03 ± 0.61 kg initial body weight) were individually housed in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments to give six replicates per treatment. The three experimental diets were: a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet and two test diets with simple substitution of a basal diet with intact EESBM or heat-treated EESBM in a 70:30 ratio. Intact EESBM was autoclaved at 120°C for 60 mins to make heat-treated EESBM (heat-EESBM). Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 16 d, including 10 d for adaptation and 6 d for total collection of feces and urine. Pigs were then moved into indirect calorimetry chambers to determine 24-h heat production and 12-h fasting heat production. The energy contents of the tested DESBM were calculated by using the difference method. All data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS with the individual pig as the experimental unit. Pigs fed heat-EESBM diets showed lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy, and nitrogen than those fed intact EESBM. A trend (P &amp;lt; 0.10) was observed for greater heat increments in pigs fed intact EESBM than those fed heat-EESBM. This resulted in intact EESBM having greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents than heat-EESBM but comparable net energy contents between intact and heat-EESBM. In conclusion, respective values of DE, ME, and net energy are 4,591 kcal/kg, 4,099 kcal/kg, and 3,242 kcal/kg on a DM basis. However, thermal damage during EESBM production should be considered in terms of DE and ME content of EESBM fed to growing pigs.

PSIV-1 Apparent and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Dry Extruded-Expelled Soybean Meal Fed to Growing Pigs Without or With Organic Acids and Multi-Carbohydrase

Abstract Dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM) is an attractive feed ingredient for swine not only as a protein source but also as a good source of energy because of its high fat content. Apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility in DESBM fed without or with organic acid (OA) and a multicarbohydrase (MC) supplementation to growing pigs were determined. Ten ileal-cannulated barrows (17.3 ± 0.4 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a replicated 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 4 periods, each consisting of 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Four cornstarch-based diets with 44.4% DESBM as the only source of AA, without or with OA and MC supplementation, and a 5% casein-cornstarch diet were used. All diets contained 0.3% titanium dioxide. Data were analyzed using the MIXED model procedures of SAS, with the final model including OA, MC, and the interaction between OA and MC as the main effects. The SID of indispensable AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs were: Arg, 93.2%; His, 85.1%; Ile, 87.1%; Leu, 87.6%; Lys, 88.7%; Met, 87.8%; Phe, 88.4%; Thr, 81.4%; Trp, 73.6%; Val, 84.5%. OA supplementation decreased the AID and SID (P &amp;lt; 0.05) of Arg, Ile, Asp, and Glu, and tended (P &amp;lt; 0.10) to decrease the AID and SID of Phe, Trp, Cys, Gly, and Tyr. MC supplementation did not affect the AID and SID of AA, and no interactive effect on AA digestibility was observed between OA and MC supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of OA and MC showed no positive effects on improving AA digestibility in DESBM fed to growing pigs.

139 Digestibility of phosphorus in heat-treated dry extruded-expelled soybean meal and solvent-extracted and expeller-extracted canola meal fed to growing pigs

Abstract Although heat treatment affects digestibility of amino acids in feed ingredients, there is less information as to whether such an effect also applies to minerals. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of heat treatment on apparent (ATTD) and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM), solvent-extracted canola meal (SCM), and expeller-extracted canola meal (ECM) fed to growing pigs. A total of 36 pigs (19.0 ± 1.0 kg) were assigned to 1 of 6 diets in a completely randomized design to give 6 replicates per diet. Pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 12 d, including 7 d for adaptation and 5 d for total collection of feces. The experimental diets were formulated to contain non-heated or heat-treated DESBM, SCM, and ECM as the sole source of P. Pigs were offered their daily ration at 2.8 times their maintenance energy requirement. Data were analyzed as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement using the PROC MIXED of SAS with ingredients, heat treatment, and their interaction; however, no interaction was observed for any variable. Pigs fed the DESBM diet had a higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) ATTD and STTD of P than pigs fed SCM and ECM diets. The ATTD and STTD of P in heat treated samples were higher (P &amp;lt; 0.05) than in non-heated samples. In the heat-treated samples, the values of STTD of P were 49.4, 23.2, and 25.8% for DESBM, SCM, and ECM, respectively. Respective values for STTD of P in non-heated DESBM, SCM, and ECM were 48.5, 20.2, and 22.5%. The ATTD of Ca in non-heat-treated samples was lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) compared to the values for heat-treated samples. In conclusion, heat treatment increased ATTD and STTD of P in DESBM, SCM, and ECM fed to growing pigs.

PSI-12 Effect of a carbohydrase mixture on apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed to growing pigs

Abstract Heat treatment could effectively decrease the antinutritional factors in soybean during meal processing. One such progress is the combination of extrusion with expelling, which produces the dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM), and there is a great interest in exploring its utilization as a dietary ingredient for swine. Thus, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW = 30 ± 1.3 kg) were used to determine the ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility of DESBM fed to growing pigs with or without multi-carbohydrase (MC) supplementation. Pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design to give eight observations per treatment. The experimental diets were formulated to contain one of the two batches of DESBM (DESBM-1 and DESBM-2) as the sole source of protein. All diets contained titanium dioxide (0.3%) as an indigestible marker to calculate nutrient digestibility. Each experimental period lasted for seven days, and ileal digesta samples were collected on d 6 and d 7. The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA were calculated using published mean values to estimate ileal endogenous AA losses. Data were analyzed using the mixed model procedures of SAS, and the final model had treatment, batch, and the interaction between treatment and batch as the main effects. In general, the SID of AA in DESBM-1 and DESBM-2 were not different, such as Ile, Lys, Met, Thr, and Val, which averaged 88.97%, 89.77%, 89.08%, 84.38%, and 86.85% respectively. There were no effects of MC supplementation on AID and SID of AA digestibility in DESBM except for the AID of Trp (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Also, there were no interaction effects of MC supplementation and batch on AA digestibility in DESBM. In conclusion, enzyme supplementation did not improve the AID and SID of AA in DESBM fed to growing pigs.

Net energy content of dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed with or without enzyme supplementation to growing pigs as determined by indirect calorimetry.

Two experiments were conducted to determine the NE content of dry extruded-expelled soybean (DESBM) and the effect of a multienzyme carbohydrase (MC) mixture on the NE content of DESBM and to determine the effect of diet design on NE values in growing pigs using indirect calorimetry (IC). In Exp. 1, 24 barrows (19.6 ± 0.51 kg BW) were allotted in a completely randomized design to 4 dietary treatments: a corn–soybean meal basal diet (Diet A), a diet containing Diet A and DESBM in an 80:20 ratio with a constant CP (Diet B), a diet with an 80:20 ratio of Diet A and DESBM with a constant corn:soybean meal ratio (Diet C), and a diet with simple substitution of Diet A with DESBM in an 80:20 ratio (Diet D). Pigs were fed in metabolism crates for a period of 16 d to determine the DE and ME and thereafter were moved into an indirect calorimeter where O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured to determine heat production and fasting heat production. The NE content of DESBM was calculated (difference method) to be 2,632, 2,548 and 2,540 kcal/kg DM in diets B, C, and D, respectively. Respective values obtained with published prediction equations were 2,624, 2,530 and 2,436 kcal/kg. In Exp. 2, 24 barrows (16.9 ± 0.76 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments. The diets were a corn–soybean meal basal diet and a diet containing the basal diet and DESBM in an 80:20 ratio with a constant corn:soybean meal ratio with or without 2 levels (0.05% and 0.1%) of MC. The experimental procedures were similar to those described in Exp. 1. Enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.0001) the DE, ME, and NE content of the DESBM. Multienzyme carbohydrase at 0.05% and 0.1% of the diet improved NE values of DESBM by 4.9% and 3.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the NE values of DESBM obtained with the IC method were higher than the values obtained with prediction equations; the disparity was least when diets were formulated with a constant CP level. However, as the difference method was used to determine the NE of ingredient, it is more appropriate to maintain a constant ratio between the ingredients. Also, the NE value of DESBM obtained for diets C and D were not different. Hence, the average NE value of DESBM evaluated was 2,544 kcal/kg DM. Enzyme supplementation improved the NE content of DESBM fed to growing pigs.

Effects of dried distillers grains with solubles and extruded expelled soybean meal on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs (2007)

A total of 120 barrows (maternal line PIC 1050) with an initial BW of 105.7 lb were used in an 83-d trial to study the effects of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and extruded expelled soybean meal (EESM) on growth performance and fat quality. Pigs were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to one of six treatments with two pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Diets were: a corn-soybean meal control diet with no added fat, corn-EESM diet with no added fat, corn-EESM diet with 15% DDGS, corn-soybean meal diet with 15% DDGS, and 1.55% choice white grease (CWG), corn-soybean meal diet with 3.25% CWG, and corn-soybean meal diet with 4.7% CWG. Diets were formulated to have three dietary iodine value (IV) levels (42, 55, and 62) to compare the impact of fat source within dietary IV levels. On d 83, jowl and backfat samples were collected. Pigs fed the control diet, EESM, or 4.7% CWG had increased ADG compared with pigs fed the diet containing EESM with 15% DDGS. Pigs fed the control diet had increased ADFI compared with all other treatment. Pigs fed EESM with 15% DDGS and the diets with 4.7% CWG had improved F/G compared with pigs fed the control and pigs fed DDGS with CWG. Pigs fed high CWG had greater (P<0.05) loin depth compared with pigs fed low CWG. Pigs fed either of the diets with 15% DDGS had increased backfat IV compared with pigs fed diets without DDGS. Pigs fed EESM had increased backfat IV when compared with the control diet or diets with 3.25 or 4.7% CWG. Adding DDGS to the diet or using EESM increased IV of jowl fat. Adding CWG to the control diet also increased IV of jowl fat. Feeding ingredients with higher levels of unsaturated fat, such as EESM and DDGS, had a greater impact on fat IV than CWG even when diets were formulated to similar IV levels.; Swine Day, 2007, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2007

Amino acid digestibility in dry extruded-expelled soybean meal fed to pigs and poultry1

The digestibility of AA in dry extruded-expelled soybean meal (DESBM) and regular, solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) were determined in pigs and poultry. In the pig assay, 4 Cotswold barrows (average initial BW of 80.4 kg) fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum were allotted to 4 semipurified diets in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Diet 1, a low protein diet (5% casein), was used to quantify endogenous CP and AA losses. Diets 2, 3, and 4 were formulated to contain 35% regular, solvent-extracted SBM; batch 1 of DESBM (DESBM-1); and batch 2 of DESBM (DESBM-2), respectively, as the sole source of protein. The DESBM samples were obtained from 2 different batches but were subjected to the same processing conditions. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was included as a digestibility marker in all diets. Compared with DESBM-1 and DESBM-2, apparent ileal digestibility of DM in SBM was greater (P < 0.05). Apparent and true ileal digestibilities of AA in SBM were greater (P < 0.05) compared with DESBM-2. In the poultry assay, 4 dietary treatments were each assigned to adult cecectomized roosters in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 was a nonnitrogenous diet (NND; 90% sucrose and 10% vegetable oil) used to estimate endogenous N and AA losses. Treatments 2, 3, and 4 contained SBM, DESBM-1, and DESBM-2 as the only source of protein. Each of these diets was fed in 25-g quantities formulated to provide 5 g of CP from the respective soybean meal source. The SBM had greater (P < or = 0.05) true digestibility for isoleucine, leucine, cysteine, proline, serine, and tyrosine compared with DESBM-1. The results indicate that, relative to regular, solvent-extracted soybean meal, AA digestibilities of different batches of dry extruded-expelled soybean meal varied in pigs and poultry.

Effects of soybean meal particle size on growth performance of nursery pigs.

We used 360 nursery pigs (35 +/- 3 d of age) in two 21-d growth assays to determine the effects of soybean meal particle size on growth performance. In both trials, there were six pigs per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Pigs were weaned on d 21 and fed the same phase I diet for 7 d after weaning, followed by a phase II diet from d 7 to 14. On d 14, all pigs were weighed and randomly allotted to one of three dietary treatments. Experimental diets contained 61.9% corn, 34.4% soybean meal, and 3.7% vitamins and minerals. In Exp. 1, 90 barrows and 90 gilts (9.2 +/- 2.3 kg BW) were fed diets containing extruded-expelled soybean meal ground to 965, 742, or 639 microm, which resulted in whole-diet particle sizes of 728, 719, and 697 microm, respectively. Reducing extruded-expelled soybean meal particle size from 965 or 742 to 639 microm in the diet did not affect (P > 0.10) ADG (541, 538, and 542 g/d), ADFI (886, 875, and 855 g/d; as-fed basis), or gain:feed ratio (0.61, 0.61, 0.64), respectively. In Exp. 2, 90 barrows and 90 gilts (9.9 +/- 2.6 kg BW) were fed diets containing solvent-extracted soybean meal ground to 1,226, 797, or 444 microm, which resulted in whole-diet particle sizes of 732, 681, and 629 microns, respectively. Like Exp. 1, reducing particle size of solvent-extracted soybean meal did not affect (P > 0.10) ADG (482, 487, and 484 g/d), ADFI (738, 742, and 736 g/d; as-fed), or gain:feed (0.65, 0.65, and 0.65). Reducing particle size of extruded-expelled soybean meal or solvent-extracted soybean meal increased the angle of repose (maximum degree at which a pile of material retains its slope), indicating that as particle size decreased, flowability characteristics decreased. However, the angle of repose of the complete diets was greater than that for the soybean meals, which indicates that decreasing the particle size of soybean meal had minimal effects on flow characteristics of the complete diet. Previous research has shown that decreasing grain particle size improves digestibility and feed efficiency, and decreased soybean meal particle size has resulted in improved amino acid digestibility. However, the results of our experiments suggest decreasing particle size of either extruded-expelled soybean meal or solvent-extracted soybean meal does not affect nursery pig growth performance.

Evaluating processing temperature and feeding value of extruded-expelled soybean meal on nursery and finishing pig growth performance.

We conducted two experiments comparing the use of extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESoy) to solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) in swine diets. In Exp. 1, the objective was to determine the optimal processing temperature of EESoy for nursery pig growth performance. Pigs (n = 330, 13.2 +/- 2.3 kg of BW) were fed a control diet containing SBM with added fat or one of five diets containing EESoy extruded at 143.3, 148.9, 154.4, 160.0, or 165.6 degrees C. All diets were formulated on an equal apparent digestible lysine:ME ratio. From d 0 to 20, no differences were observed (P > 0.32) in ADG or ADFI (average of 544 and 924 g/d, respectively). However, gain:feed ratio (G/F) improved (quadratic, P < 0.01, range of 0.56 to 0.60) with increasing processing temperature, with the greatest improvement at 148.9 degrees C. In Exp. 2, the objective was to determine the feeding value of EESoy relative to SBM with or without added fat for growing-finishing pigs in a commercial production facility. A total of 1,200 gilts (initially 24.5 +/- 5.1 kg of BW) was used, with 25 pigs per pen and eight replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial, with two sources of soybean meal (SBM or EESoy) and three levels of added fat. Pigs were phase-fed four diets over the experimental period and added fat (choice white grease) levels were 0, 3.4, and 7% initially, with the added fat levels decreasing in the next three dietary phases. Energy levels were based such that the higher energy in EESoy (with or without added fat) was calculated to be equal to that provided by SBM with added fat. From 24.5 to 61.2 kg, pigs fed EESoy had greater (P < 0.07) G/F than those fed SBM. Increasing added fat in either EESoy- or SBM-based diets increased G/F (linear, P < 0.0003). From 61.2 to 122.5 kg, ADG and G/F were unaffected in pigs fed EESoy and/or increasing added fat (P > 0.10). For the overall growing-finishing period, ADG was unaffected (P > 0.61) by increasing energy density of the diet; however, ADFI decreased (P < 0.05) and G/F increased (P < 0.02, range of 0.37 to 0.40) as energy density increased with either EESoy or added fat. Carcass leanness was not affected by dietary treatment. These results indicate that EESoy should be extruded at 148.9 to 154.4 degrees C, and that increasing dietary energy density by using EESoy and/or added fat improves feed efficiency in finishing pigs reared in a commercial environment.

Effects of extruded-expelled soybean meal and solvent extracted soybean meal level of growth performance of weanling pigs (2003)

Summary A total of 350 weanling pigs (initially 15.7 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of soybean meal source and level on growth performance of early weaned pigs. Dietary treatments included a control diet containing no soybean meal, or diets containing 20% or 40% of either solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM) or extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESOY). The SBM and EESOY were analyzed for trypsin inhibitor (0.7 mg TI/g and 1.8 mg TI/g, respectively) to ensure quality, and actual crude protein values (46.9% and 48.3% as-fed, respectively) were used in diet formulation. From d 0 to 14, increasing EESOY decreased ADG and ADFI (linear, P 0.05) were found between soybean meal sources throughout the trial. The results of this study suggest extrudedexpelled soybean meal processed properly and fed in diets immediately after weaning did not improve growth performance of nursery pigs relative to conventional solvent extracted soybean meal. When EESOY or SBM was included at 40% in diets fed immediately after weaning, growth performance of weanling pigs was poorer than if fed at lower levels (20%). Feeding properly processed EESOY resulted in similar growth performance compared to feeding SBM.

Effects of soybean meal source and level on growth performance of weanling pigs (2002)

A total of 525 weanling pigs (initially 13.0 lb) were used in two experiments to evaluate the effects of soybean meal source and level on growth performance of early weaned pigs. In both experiments, dietary treatments included a control diet containing no soybean meal, or diets containing 20% or 40% of either solvent extracted soybean meal (SBM) or extruded-expelled soybean meal (EESoy). In Exp. 1, diets were formulated with NRC (1998) nutrient values for the solvent extracted soybean meal and previously determined values (1998 KSU Swine Day Report of Progress) for the extruded-expelled soybean meal. In Exp. 1, from d 0 to 7, increasing solvent extracted soybean meal or extrudedexpelled soybean meal decreased (linear, P<0.05) ADG. Feed efficiency was reduced with an increase of either soybean meal source (SBM quadratic, P<0.05; EESoy linear, P<0.05). However, the mean ADG and F/G of pigs fed solvent extracted soybean meal were better than the mean of pigs fed extruded-expelled soybean meal. No differences were found in growth performance from d 7 to 14 and 14 to 21. However, from d 0 to 14, F/G became poorer (linear, P<0.06) as either soybean meal source increased, and the mean F/G of pigs fed solvent extracted soybean meal was better than those fed extrudedexpelled soybean meal. For the overall growth period, d 0 to 21, F/G became poorer (linear, P<0.04) as solvent extracted soybean meal increased. After the trial was completed, the soybean meal sources were chemically analyzed and the extruded-expelled soybean meal was found to be lower in crude protein (43.6% vs 46.5%) than what was used in diet formulation. We speculated that the differences in growth performance between the two soybean meal sources could have been a result of the low protein (lysine) concentrations. Therefore, in Exp. 2 diets were formulated with actual analyzed nutrient soybean meal values.

Effects of soybean meal particle size on growth performance of nursery pigs (2001)

A total of 360 pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effects of decreasing particle size of soybean meal on nursery pig performance. In Exp. 1, pigs were fed diets containing 34% extrudedexpelled soybean meal ground to 965, 742, or 639 microns. In Exp. 2, pigs were fed the same diet containing solvent extracted soybean meal ground to 1226, 797, or 444 microns. Decreasing soybean meal particle size did not influence pig growth performance in either study.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 2001

Characterizing the feeding value of extruded-expelled soybean meal with or without added fat in a commercial swine production facility (2000)

A total of 1,200 gilts was used to evaluate the effects of replacing conventionally processed soybean meal with extruded-expelled soybean meal on finishing pig growth performance. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with two sources of soybean meal (solvent-extracted or extruded-expelled) and three levels of added fat (none, 3.4, and 7% in Phase 1 than decreasing in subsequent phases). Energy levels were adjusted such that the higher energy in extruded-expelled soybean meal (with or without added fat) was equal to that provided by solvent-extracted soybean meal with added fat. From 54 to 135 lb, pigs fed extruded-expelled soybean meal had improved ADG and F/G compared to those fed solvent-extracted soybean meal. Increasing added fat in either extruded-expelled- or solvent-extracted soybean meal-based diets linearly improved ADG and F/G. From 135 to 270 lb, pigs fed extruded-expelled soybean meal and(or) increasing added fat had decreased feed intake. For the overall growing-finishing period, ADG was unaffected by increasing energy density. However, ADFI was decreased and F/G improved as energy density of the diet was increased either with extruded-expelled soybean meal and(or) added fat. Carcass leanness was not affected by dietary treatment. These results indicate that increasing the energy density of the diet by using extruded-expelled soybean meal and(or) added fat improves feed efficiency in finishing pigs reared in a commercial environment.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 2000

Influence of dry, extruded-expelled soybean meal from different manufacturers on growth performance of nursery pigs (2000)

A total of 150 pigs (initially 22 lb; 42 d of age) was used to determine the influence of dry, extruded-expelled soybean meal from three different manufacturers on growth performance of pigs. No differences were observed for ADG, ADFI, or F/G between any of the sources. All three sources resulted in performance similar to that with a cornsoybean meal diet with added fat. These results confirm the accuracy of the energy values published in the 1998 Swine Day Report for dry, extruded-expelled soybean meal.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 16, 2000

Effects of different soybean meal processing techniques on growth performance of pigs (1998)

A 35-d growth trial was conducted to determine the influence of different soybean meal processing techniques on starter pig growth performance. From d 0 to 14 after weaning, all pigs were fed a common diet. Then pigs were fed six experimental diets from d 14 to 35 after weaning. Three treatment comparisons were made. Pigs fed a diet containing extruded-expelled soybean meal (SBM) without hulls (Insta-Pro) were compared to those fed solvent-extracted SBM (46.50/0 CP) and 3.21% soy oil. Pigs fed a diet containing extruded-expelled SBM with hulls (lnsta-Pro) were compared to those fed a diet containing 44% CP SBM and 4.57% soy oil. Pigs fed a diet containing a second expelled SBM product with hulls (Soyplus) were compared to those fed a diet containing 44% CP SBM and 1.61% soy oil. Pigs fed either Insta-Pro extruded-expelled diet had similar growth performance to pigs fed diets containing conventionally processed soybean meal and added oil. Pigs fed diets containing Soyplus had numerically lower ADG and higher F/G than pigs fed any other treatment. These data suggest that Insta-Pro extruded-expelled SBM can replace conventionally processed SBM and added soy oil on a lysine and energy basis without affecting growth performance.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1998

Apparent ileal digestiblity of amino acids and digestible and metabolizable energy values for conventional soybean meal or dry extruded-expelled soybean meal for swine (1998)

We conducted two experiments to determine the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) values for conventionally processed, solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) compared to dry-extruded-expelled SBM with or without soy hulls. Apparent ileal digestibility of crude protein and lysine and DE and ME values were greater in either extruded-expelled SBM compared to the conventionally processed SBM. No differences occurred in apparent digestibility of amino acids or energy values between extruded-expelled SBM with hulls and that without hulls. These results suggest that the dry extrusion followed by expeller processing of soybeans results in a SBM with slightly greater digestibility of crude protein and lysine as well as greater DE and ME values con1pared to conventionally processed, solvent-extracted SBM.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1998