Extraversion Research Articles

Interpretation of Myers–Briggs Type Indicator personality profiles based on ambivert continuum scale

The problem of the middle group in personalities refers to the difficulty in accurately classifying individuals who fall between the extremes of extroversion and introversion. This group, also known as ambiverts, may exhibit characteristics of both extroversion and introversion, making it challenging to determine their dominant personality trait. This paper explores the concept of the “middle-group” personality, which falls between the extrovert and introvert extremes, in the context of the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Using multiple MBTI datasets, experiments were conducted to classify profiles in the Extraversion/Introversion (EI) scale using state-of-the-art transformer methods. Using the classification results, we identify differences between social media profiles and formal essay writings for personality and give detailed statistical analyses on the stylistic and psycholinguistic differences between introversion, extraversion, and the middle group. We also provide the benchmark results on transformers for different experimental setups on the ambivert continuum scale.

Research on the Antecedents of Data Privacy Concern Toward Intelligent Connected Vehicles

Depending on Internet of Vehicle (IoV) and on-board units in 5 G, intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs) gradually become the digital infrastructure and data hub to provide personalized in-vehicle infotainment (IVI), which naturally collect, use, and share the data related to users’ bio-informatics, travel patterns, and usage habits. The privacy concern (PC) will be generated when using those data services. In this article, we construct the structural equation model (SEM) to study the influencing factors of users’ PC and self-disclosure behavior (SD) regarding to ICV data services from the personality traits (PTs) perspective. A total of 481 valid questionnaires from 700 IVI users was collected. Results show that extraversion (EXT), conscientiousness (CNS), neuroticism (NEUR), privacy invasion experience (PIE), and privacy self-efficacy (PE) have significant impacts on PC. Besides, PC does not directly affect SD, but is indirectly affected by limiting profile visibility (LPV). Through revealing the relationship among PTs, PC and SD toward ICV data services, we aim to provide insights for vehicle data governance to facilitate the human-vehicle interaction.

What motivates viewers to purchase recommended products in live streaming? The moderating role of extroversion–introversion personality

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the factors driving viewers' purchase intention in live-streaming by incorporating stimuli–organism–response (S–O–R) framework and extroversion–introversion personality perspectives.Design/methodology/approachData collected from 228 users on live-streaming platforms in Taiwan were used to test the proposed model. The partial least squares method was used to test the measurement and the structural models.FindingsProduct attractiveness and trust in streamer significantly impacts purchase intention. The results also reveal that interactivity, breadth of information and uniqueness of information significantly impact product attractiveness, whereas social presence, breadth of information and uniqueness of information positively affect trust in streamer. Furthermore, streamer attractiveness has a greater effect on the purchase intention of extroverts.Originality/valueThis study investigates how the features of media, message and streamer impact purchase intention through their reactions to live-streaming. This research is also one of the earliest studies to examine the moderating role of extroversion–introversion personality on purchase intention and its antecedents in live-streaming commerce.

Temperament and symptoms of stress and depression among adolescents: The mediating role of psychological flexibility

Early appearing temperamental differences and the psychological flexibility skills of individuals are proposed factors influencing stress and depression among adolescents. We test the theoretical assumption that temperament may form a basis for facing the outer world, while the development of psychological flexibility being another such basis and a mediator in well-being outcomes. Using data on 740 adolescents (Mage = 15.7 years, 57% female) assessed at the beginning and end of the final grade of basic education, structural equation modeling (SEM) with mediation analysis was conducted to examine the associations between the key temperament dimensions, changes in psychological flexibility, and changes in symptoms of stress and depression. The results indicate that both temperament and psychological flexibility had unique, direct associations with changes in symptoms of stress and depression. There were also indirect links between temperament and changes in symptoms achieved via psychological flexibility: adolescents with negative affectivity (NA) showed an increase in symptoms of stress and depression mediated by lower psychological flexibility, while adolescents with effortful control (EC) and extraversion (EX) showed a decrease in symptoms, mediated by higher psychological flexibility. More research with longer-term follow-up study designs is needed to explore these associations thoroughly. Temperamental patterns play a significant role in the development of psychological symptoms. However, these associations are modified by psychological flexibility. Together, temperamental dimensions and psychological flexibility form cumulative patterns influencing psychological symptoms. The practical implications of the findings are discussed in this study.

Emotional intelligence, extra version and psychological well - being examining the mediating role of resilience AMONG gen Y and gen Z

Emotional intelligence, extra version and psychological well - being examining the mediating role of resilience AMONG gen Y and gen Z

Mathematical model for analysis of the relationship between personality traits and psychological biases of individual investors

The study is focused on certain personality traits that are significantly associated with investors’ biases. The study attempts to develop a more comprehensive mathematical model that covers a wider range of behavioral aspects related to individual investors The proposed Mathematical model can be used to better understand the major behavioral dimensions that need to be considered for investment decisions in the stock market In this study, a Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) is used to quantify the association between major personality traits i.e. Agreeableness (AG), Conscientiousness (CO), Extroversion (EX) Neuroticism (NE), and Openness (OP) and major psychological biases such as Herding (HE), Overconfidence (OC), Representativeness (RP), and Anchoring (AN) in the stock market. The model is based on a survey of 467 individual investors, who provided information on their personality traits and psychological biases. The regression analysis was done to examine the relationship between personality traits, and psychological biases. Further, the explanatory power and predictive relevance of the model are tested using R2, Q2, and RMSE.

The Influence of Introversion–Extroversion on Service Quality Dimensions: A Trait Activation Theory Study

Personality characteristics influence individuals’ perceptions, evaluations, and behaviors toward external stimuli. This study aims to investigate the influence of the extroversion–introversion personality characteristics of hospitality customers on the amount of value they attached to the different service quality dimensions. The influence of customers’ personality characteristics on the amount of value attached to the different service quality dimensions has not been previously studied by researchers. The data were obtained from 508 Turkish tourists staying at five-star hotels in holiday resorts located on the Aegean coast of Turkey. Partial least-squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. At the measurement model stage, the scales were subjected to reliability and validity tests. It was seen that all the variables in the measurement model met the reliability and validity criteria. The structural model and the hypotheses were tested to examine the relationships between the latent variables. The results show that while introvert customers tend to attach more value to the tangibles dimension of service quality, extrovert customers tend to attach more value to the empathy dimension of service quality.

The Role of Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness on Personality Traits among Adults

It has been suggested that individuals’ technology acceptance are affected by personality traits. This paper aims to emphasise the importance of personality traits beyond BIG 5 on the acceptance and individual usage of Cloud Computing Systems (CCSs) with Perceived Ease of Use (PEU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU). Based on this, a quantitative cross-sectional survey research was designed, and 722 students studying at Sakarya University, Pedagogical Training Certification Program in the academic year of 2016–2017 were involved to the study. A path analysis which is a structural equation model was performed to examine the direct and indirect effects of the variables that are theoretically interrelated in the study. According to the results, while Extroversion (EXT), Agreeableness (AGR), Conscientiousness (CONS), and OE are not predictors of PEU and PU components, Nervousness (NEUR), is a significant predictor of PEU in the model. In addition to this, behavioural intention (BI) is significantly predicted by both PU and PEU, and PEU is a significant predictor of PU and BI on the individual usage of CCSs.

Predicting Users’ Personality on Social Media: A Comparative Study of Different Machine Learning Techniques

The use of social media sites (SMSs) becomes ubiquitous worldwide as the number of users is noticeably increasing. This has led to exploiting such sites by market, business, and educational companies to deliver content that meets users’ personal needs. However, this requires identifying users’ personalities to respond to their individual preferences. This research aims at (1) analyzing users' posts on SMSs to predict their personality based on the Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) model, (2) comparing the performance accuracy of different preprocessing and data mining techniques, and (3) improving the prediction accuracy of users' personality types. The used dataset includes 8668 records in which each raw contains fifty posts. Three data mining techniques are applied namely, support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), and lightGBM. The findings suggest that lightGBM with the application of stemming, lemmatization, and grid search optimization as well as removing stop-words outperformed other techniques. The prediction accuracies for the four personality dimensions namely, Introversion-Extroversion (I-E), Intuition-Sensing (N-S), Feeling-Thinking (F-T), and Judging-Perceiving (J-P) are 100.0%. The research outcomes are promising as the four dimensions of MBTI have been identified effectively. Such outcomes are also compared with earlier research on personality prediction. This study can help SMSs providers, businesses, and educational institutions adapt their online sites based on users’ posts, tweets, and comments that can be used to predict their personality behavior.

Using personality type to engage and retain remote, hybrid and office-based workers

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the attitudes to remote, hybrid and nonremote working, and how these are influenced by personality type and other factors. By understanding these relationships, recommendations for navigating the changing work environment can be developed.Design/methodology/approachA total of 443 people, comprising a mix of remote, hybrid and nonremote workers, completed an anonymous online survey in which they were asked to provide their Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) type preferences, demographic information, views about their job and (as appropriate) information about their home working environment and views on remote working and/or their workplace environment and views on nonremote working and/or on issues specific to hybrid working.FindingsDifferences between employees’ preferred amount of remote working and the actuality of their job was a key determinant of whether they were thinking of leaving, suggesting that mandating a return to the workplace could result in the loss of valuable employees. Other factors included managerial support, workplace inclusion and the interaction of personality type. Personality-type considerations were also important in making the office an attractive place to return to, with Extraversion–Introversion a key area.Originality/valueThe MBTI framework is already widely used for leadership development, teambuilding and other applications. Taking personality type into consideration when planning the future of hybrid working in an organization allows human resources teams to build on existing knowledge to achieve a smooth transition.

Personality traits and conflict management styles: building the relationship through leadership effectiveness

PurposeThe present study examines the relationship between personality traits (PTs) and conflict management styles (CMSs) directly and indirectly through leadership effectiveness (LE) in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThis quantitative study employs a survey questionnaire to collect cross-sectional data from academic leaders of higher education institutes (HEIs) in Pakistan. The authors utilized 325 useable cases to conclude the results.FindingsThe findings through the structural equation model (SEM) resulted in a positive and significant effect of agreeableness (AGS) on integrating (ITG), avoiding (AVG), obliging (OBG), compromising (COG) and dominating (DOG) styles. Extraversion (EXN) positively and significantly affects ITG, OBG, DOG and COG. Emotional stability (EMSY) is a positive and significant predictor of ITG, AVG, OBG and COG. The conscientiousness (CNS) trait significantly and positively predicts ITG, OBG, DOG, COG and AVG. Likewise, openness (OPS) positively and significantly affects ITG, OBG, DOG and COG styles. On the other hand, EXN and OPS negatively and insignificantly affect AVG. Finally, EMSY is the negative and insignificant predictor of DOG among academic leaders.Practical implicationsThis study offers additional insights into understanding direct and indirect connections between PTs and CMSs through EL. It would support the development of effective policies and organizational setup to resolve and manage conflict and employees' behaviour. Finally, the findings would further enrich the worth of literature through another empirical confirmation.Originality/valueThis study offers the original contribution of PTs and CMSs among academic leaders in HEIs of Pakistan.

Using Extraversion to Investigate Social Media Purchase Adoption

The advent of social media platforms has brought various opportunities, and among them is social commerce. The platforms have created a great avenue for users and business owners to interact. This study empirically tests the influence of extraversion, social commerce satisfaction, relational contracts, and word-of-mouth intention on social media users’ decisions towards social media purchases. The data for the study was collected using a structured questionnaire, and 210 valid responses were analysed using SmartPLS 3.3. The findings of the study indicated that social commerce satisfaction (SOCSAT) and extraversion (EXTRA) significantly affect how consumers perceive relational contracts (RECO). Furthermore, extraversion and relational contracts were significant predictors of consumer word-of-mouth intention (WOMI). Social commerce satisfaction and word-of-mouth intention positively contribute to predicting consumers' social media purchase adoption (SOPURCA). This study adds to the literature on social commerce and consumer personality traits.

Change in Neuroticism and Extraversion among Pre-University Education Employees during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background and objectives: Since the first reports of SARS-CoV-2 infection cases in China, the virus has rapidly spread to many countries, including Romania. In Romania, schools were closed in March 2020 to prevent the virus from spreading; since then, they have been sporadically opened, but only for a short time. Teachers had to adopt online education methods, experiencing real difficulties in their attempts to maintain high-quality teaching, as a result of social distancing from students and colleagues. The current study aimed to evaluate the burden on the neuroticism states of employees in the pre-university education system during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted, in which personality trait data from 138 employees were collected via a questionnaire (EPI, Eysenck Personality Inventory), which measured extraversion–introversion and neuroticism scores before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Initially, 150 subjects were invited to participate in the study, although 12 of them refused to participate. Based on the questionnaire not being fully filled in a further three subjects were excluded from the study, leaving a total of 135, of which 115 were woman and 20 were men. Results: The results demonstrate that the subjects included in the study expressed higher neuroticism during the COVID-19 pandemic than in the pre-pandemic period. This change could promote more stress and depression symptoms. Subjects with high school education had significantly lower neuroticism scores over time than those with university education (p = 0.006). Furthermore, we found extraversion scores to be statistically significant in our population (p = 0.022). Conclusion: The gender and living environment of the teachers were not significantly associated with the reduction in the extraversion score, but were more frequently found among older persons and in subjects without higher education. Subjects of Hungarian ethnicity had lower extraversion scores than those of Romanian ethnicity.

PRINCIPAL'S OF DURG DISTRICT

This article tries to investigate the effect of personality on the managerial effectiveness of Principals of the Durg district. The researcher visited the higher secondary schools of the Durg district for data collection from Principals. One hundred thirty-two principals (66 male and 66 female) were selected through stratified random sampling techniques to measure Principals' personalities on the managerial effectiveness of Principals of the Durg district. Introversion extroversion inventory (IEI) developed by Dr. P.F. Aziz and Dr. Rekha Gupta (2013) was used to identify the Principal's personality and Managerial Effectiveness Scale by Dr. Upinder Dhar, Dr. Santosh Dhar, and Dr. Preeti Jain (2006) to determine the managerial effectiveness of the Principals. Data analysis was done using SPSS, 3x2x2 factorial design ANOVA was employed to analyze and interpret data. Results revealed the significant effect of introversion, ambivert, and extroversion personality on managerial effectiveness of Principals; it was also observed that the mean and SD of managerial effectiveness of Principals having an extrovert personality was higher than the ambivert and introvert personality. Therefore, it was concluded that higher secondary school Principals' managerial effectiveness had a more assertive extrovert personality. The Principals having extrovert personalities had a higher level of managerial effectiveness. Managerial effectiveness plays a vital role throughout the institution's operation. The principals' extrovert personality and managerial effectiveness are the growth advantage of a school in the education system. Based on the finding, the Government should regularly organize training and workshops for principals to improve their skills and competencies.

The influence of extrovert and introvert personality types on the acceptance of virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey

Background: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, all courses taught in Malaysian schools and universities were conducted entirely virtually, after a movement control order was imposed in Malaysian on 18th March 2020. According to the research by Offir et al., (2007), extroversion-introversion (E-I) personalities have been shown to influence students’ involvement in class, their learning style and their understanding of the course materials. The purpose of this research was to explore how extrovert and introvert personality traits influence the acceptance of virtual learning amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A case study was conducted, focusing on a group of students taught by one of the researchers in our research team, HR. A total of 31 Diploma students (13 first year students and 18 second year students) taking Grooming and Professional Etiquette at Multimedia University, Malaysia (MMU) participated in the study. Open-ended questions were used to learn about the personality of each participant, as well as to provide a better understanding on how the opposing personas differs in their experiences with virtual learning. Results: Our results showed that 54.83% (17) of the students were introverts, 29.03 % (9) were extroverts, and 16.1% (5) were private-public-introvert-extroverts (PPIEs). The results for the acceptance level of virtual learning varied based on the different personality types. Results showed the extroverts expressed that the virtual learning experience was unpleasant, while the introverts and the PPIEs found virtual learning a useful and pleasant experience. Conclusion: This study was mainly descriptive, with open-ended questions used to gain insight on how different personality types differ in their acceptance of fully virtual learning. In future studies, inferential analysis could be carried out to test the hypotheses and assumptions. Future studies could also compare and contrast both students and lecturers’ acceptance of, and engagement in, online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The influence of extroversion introversion on learning english as a foreign language

The influence of extroversion introversion on learning english as a foreign language

OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE DIMENSIONS OF ‎NEUROTICISM AND EXTROVERSION AMONG THE MEDICAL STAFF AMID OF THE COVID19 ‎PANDEMIC

This study aims to identify the relationship between the obsessive-compulsive ‎disorder and the personal dimensions of neuroticism and extra version for the medical staff ‎amid of the covid 19 pandemic.‎ To achieve the goals of the study, the descreptive approach was applied, and relying ‎on some tools to get the practical data, such as: the observation, the interview, Eysanck ‎personality questionnaire (kuwaiti version of Badr El Anssari), the list of symptoms of ‎obsessive-compulsive of Ahmed Abd El Khalek.‎ The study was done on the medical staff in El Hakim Okbi Hospital in Guelma city, a ‎sample amounted to (102) among this staff on a stratified random the data has been ‎statistically treated by SPSS program, and the following results were obtained: there is a ‎positive correlative statistically significant between the obsessive-compulsive disorder and ‎the neurotic dimension, no correlative relationship statistically significant between the ‎obesissive-compulsive and the extraversion dimension, no statistically significant ‎differences in the level of obsessive-compulsive disorder and the extraversion dimension due ‎to the sex variable and the profession’s variable, no differences in the level of neurotic ‎dimension because of the sex variable, while there are differences in this level due to the ‎proffession’s variable‎‎. Keywords: Obsessive, Compulsive Personal Dimensions, Neuroticism, Extraversion The Medical Staff, The ‎Covid 19

Big Data Analysis of Facebook Users Personality Reconition using Map Reduce Back Propagation Neural Networks

Machine learning has been an effective tool to connect networks of enormous information for predicting personality. Identification of personality-related indicators encrypted in Facebook profiles and activities are of special concern in most research efforts. This research modeled user personality based on set of features extracted from the Facebook data using Map-Reduce Back Propagation Neural Network (MRBPNN). The performance of the MRBPNN classification model was evaluated in terms of five basic personality dimensions: Extraversion (EXT), Agreeableness (AGR), Conscientiousness (CON), Neuroticism (NEU), and Openness to Experience (OPN) using True positive, False Positive, accuracy, precision and F-measure as metrics at the threshold value of 0.32. The experimental results reveal that MRBPNN model has accuracy of 91.40%, 93.89%, 91.33%, 90.43% and 89.13% CON, OPN, EXT, NEU and AGR respectively for personality recognition which is more computationally efficient than Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Therefore, personality recognition based on MRBPNN would produce a reliable prediction system for various personality traits with data having a very large instance. Keywords— Machine learning, Facebook, MRBPNN, Personality Recognition, Neuroticism, Agreeableness.

Impact of personality traits on stock investment decision making and the mediating effect of financial self efficacy

This purpose of this research examines the influence of personality traits on individual stock investment decision-making and tests the mediating role of financial self-efficacy between the investors' traits and their stock investment decision-making in Sri Lanka. A questionnairebased survey was conducted to collect the data from 460 registered individual investors at Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). The regression analysis was adopted to examine the impact of personality traits on stock investment decision-making. Moreover, mediating analysis was done using sobel test. The results revealed that extraverted individual investors prefer stock investment. In contrast, the individual who possesses sympathy toward others, helpfulness, and personal warmth tend to follow others' advice, and those agreeable investors negatively impact stock investment decisions at CSE. Further, the case of financial self-efficacy fully mediates the relationship of extra version, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience with stock investment decision making and partially mediates the relationship of agreeableness and stock investment decision making. The study has insights to investors, stockbrokers, and regulators as the crucial factors to recognize individual investors' traits and financial self-efficacy differences in making a sound investment decision.

An Imperfect Legacy

An Imperfect Legacy