Plays variously labelled moralities, moralites, histoires, zinnespelen, and abete speien were written and performed in medieval and renaissance England, France, and the Lowlands. When these plays have been considered sufficiently important for critical analysis, they have been studied, with one exception, in restricted groups based upon identities of language or provenance. The extrinsic evidence of an international tradition is minimal, but it buttresses the intrinsic evidence of repeated forms to be found in a single type of moralizing drama. There is some proof of a communality of source materials for moralizing drama or of imitation without regard for cultural boundaries. According to majority opinion, the English Everyman was nearly translated from the Flemish Elckerlijc. The question of priority of the moralized Dutch verse miracle, Marieken von Niemegen, and the English non-dramatic prose Mary of Nimmegen has yet to be resolved. The Pyramus and Thisbe legend was dramatized with moral intent in Haarlem (after 1525), in France (c. 1535), and in Antwerp (before 1548). Chaucer's non-dramatic Clerk's Tale has the same subject as the contemporary Histoire de Griseledis. England, France, and the Lowlands unquestionably shared at least the same sources for moralizing literature, which could be and indeed was dramatized. A common selection of materials for dramatized moralizing is revealed by even a cursory survey of the types of plays which fall under the term moralities and equivalent terms in other languages. Biblical plays, including characterizations based upon personifications of moral behavior, were written in England, in France, and in the Lowlands, though British critics do