Extremity Strength Research Articles

ENHANCING FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND QUALITY OF LIFE WITH ECCENTRIC CYCLING TRAINING IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

INTRODUCTION Exercise training is recommended for comprehensive management of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, limited exercise capacity prevents many patients from gaining optimal training benefit. Given eccentric cycling is well tolerated in HFrEF, and enables greater power output, we hypothesized that eccentric cycling training would result in superior functional outcomes than concentric cycling training when the interventions were matched for heart rate (HR). METHODS Forty-five participants (9♀, 57±13 y; BMI 27±5 kg/m2) with HFrEF (ejection fraction 33±10%, New York Heart Association class II) were randomized in a 1:1 superiority clinical trial to either eccentric cycling training (ET, n = 25) or concentric cycling training (CT, n = 20). Each intervention involved 2-weeks of familiarization and 12-weeks of training at matched relative intensity (40-80% of HR reserve), twice weekly. Primary outcome was peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak), secondary outcomes included 6-minute walk, functional lower extremity strength and health-related quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure, MLHF). RESULTS Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant interaction effects for 6-min walk (ET 476±77 to 547±80 m vs CT 485±106 to 516±113 m, P=0.015), 30s sit-to-stand (ET 12±3 to 16±3 repetitions vs CT 13±4 to 14±3 repetitions, P=0.002), and timed up-and-go (ET 7.2±1.2 to 6.2±1.1 s vs CT 7.6±1.5 to 7.3±1.9 s, P=0.019). There were significant time effects for V̇O2peak (ET: 17.7±4.8 to 19.1±5.2 ml/kg/min and CT 17.4±6.0 to 19.8±6.0 ml/kg/min, P<0.001), and MLWHF (ET 31±24 to 23±16 and CT 32±19 to 27±16, P=0.003). CONCLUSION When matched for heart rate to control cardiovascular burden, ET demonstrated superior effect in functional capacity, and similar benefits in aerobic capacity (V̇O2peak) and health-related quality of life, when compared to CT. ET is a novel and efficacious approach for clinical benefit in highly compromised HFrEF patients, who represent a challenge in terms of exercise prescription.

Hand Grip Strength as a Predictive Tool for Upper Extremity Functionality, Balance, and Quality of Life in People With Multiple Sclerosis.

Upper extremity strength and function are rarely assessed in routine multiple sclerosis (MS) care. This study aimed to evaluate hand muscle strength and functionality in individuals with MS and investigate correlations with upper extremity function, cognitive status, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and balance. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 45 consecutive individuals with MS between the ages of 18 and 65. Upper limb motor strength was evaluated using a hand grip strength dynamometer. Upper limb functional capacity was assessed using the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) and the Duruoz Hand Index (DHI). Balance, coordination, and falls were measured with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test (30CST). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment instrument and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Level of HRQOL was assessed using the self-reported 54-item MS Quality of Life-54 questionnaire. Out of the 45 participants (80% women, mean age 36.6 ± 8.6 years), higher hand grip dynamometer measures were strongly correlated with better DHI, 9HPT, BBS, FES, and 30CST scores. In the regression analysis, a 1-unit increase in dynamometer measures led to a 0.383 increase in overall HRQOL score. This study demonstrates that increased hand grip strength (HGS) is associated with better hand functionality, balance, and HRQOL in individuals with MS. It provides evidence to support more systematic measurement of HGS in the care of people with MS.

Next-generation materials for space electronics: A conceptual review

Space electronics play a pivotal role in enabling modern space missions, facilitating communication, navigation, remote sensing, and scientific exploration. However, the extreme conditions of space, including temperature variations, radiation exposure, and mechanical stresses, pose significant challenges for the materials used in electronic components. This conceptual review explores the next-generation materials for space electronics, aiming to address these challenges and push the boundaries of performance and reliability. The review begins by outlining the fundamental requirements for space electronics materials, emphasizing the need for extreme temperature resistance, radiation shielding, mechanical strength, and thermal conductivity. It then surveys the current state-of-the-art materials, including silicon-based materials, compound semiconductors, polymers, ceramics, and composites, highlighting their strengths and limitations in space applications. Furthermore, the review discusses emerging materials and technologies, such as 2D materials, organic electronics, quantum materials, and metamaterials, which hold promise for revolutionizing space electronics. Implementation strategies are proposed, considering factors like integration with existing systems, scalability, cost-effectiveness, environmental impact, and regulatory compliance. Through this conceptual review, insights are provided into the potential applications of next-generation materials in satellites, space probes, exploration missions, and beyond. The conclusion summarizes key findings, underscores potential implications for the future of space electronics, and offers recommendations for further research and development. By advancing the state of materials science for space electronics, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing exploration and utilization of space for the benefit of humanity.

Comparison of effectiveness of intraoperative subperiosteal versus periarticular analgesic cocktail injection for post operative analgesia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

Background: Early postoperative pain management is pivotal in patients undergoing Total knee arthroplasty. The advantage of Local infiltration analgesia is its ability to provide control of pain without interfering with motor strength of the lower extremity, thereby allowing early mobilization of patients. This study compares the effectiveness of local analgesic cocktail injection given through subperiosteal vs. periarticular routes. Methods: The study included 30 patients admitted for primary total knee arthroplasty. They were grouped into two groups based on different injection sites. Group A included patients who received subperiosteal injection and Group B included patients who received periarticular injection, under spinal anaesthesia. The difference in pain among the two groups, using VAS at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hrs postoperatively, postoperative range of movements, and Functional outcome using IKDC score at the end of 6 months were assessed and compared between the two groups. Results: The mean VAS scores at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hrs were 0.87±0.35, 1.47±0.52, 1.80±0.41, 1.07±0.46 in subperiosteal group and 2.00±0.53, 2.47±0.52, 2.80±0.56, 1.93±0.59 in periarticular group. The 6 months postoperative IKDC scores were 51.34±0.41 and 51.04±0.61 respectively. Conclusions: Subperiosteal cocktail injection can significantly reduce the postoperative pain and result in early recovery of range of movements, compared with periarticular cocktail injection in patients undergoing Total knee arthroplasty. But the long-term functional outcomes were comparable among both the groups.

Residual Effects of Same Day Lower Extremity Strength Training on Countermovement Jump Performance in Collegiate Women Athletes.

Balancing of strength programming intensity with sport demands is necessary to avoid excessive workloads that could inhibit performance. To expand previous jump height focused literature, this study evaluated whether countermovement jump (CMJ) movement strategies, including eccentric characteristics, might reveal CMJ execution strategy shifts to achieve similar afternoon CMJ height following a morning resistance training session (RTS). Fifteen collegiate women's soccer and volleyball athletes (18-24 years, 73.6 ± 8.4 kg, 1.74 ± 0.19 m) participating in an offseason RTS completed five CMJs during two afternoon sessions (48 h apart), one 4-6 h post morning RTS, and one on a rest day. The RTS consisted of 2 sets of 10 repetitions at 70-80% 1RM for the back squat, the front squat, and the forward lunge. Vertical ground reaction forces were recorded from which 13 outcome measures describing elements of the eccentric and concentric CMJ phases were computed. No significant differences in jump height (p = 0.427, d = 0.17) or outcome measures (p = 0.091-0.777, d = -0.07-0.21) between sessions with exception of a significant concentric phase time decrease (p = 0.026, d = 0.23) following the RTS were identified. Given the magnitude of the mean concentric phase time change (0.01 s), the result likely has limited practical meaning. As these results confirm previous CMJ height literature, practitioners have further evidence that a morning RTS does not interfere or enhance afternoon CMJ performance in athletic women.

The association of range of motion, lower limb strength, and load during jump landings in professional ballet dancers

This study aimed to investigate the associations between peak plantarflexion ankle joint moments and vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) during jump landings, and static ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), three-dimensional ankle excursions, and lower extremity strength in professional ballet dancers. Twenty-seven professional ballet dancers volunteered to participate (men = 14, women = 13). Participants attended one data collection session to measure dorsiflexion ROM and isometric lower extremity strength. Two further sessions were used to establish ankle mechanics and vGRFs during countermovement jump landings in seven foot positions, via a seven-camera motion capture system and piezoelectric force platform. Two linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate associations between the target variables and strength, dorsiflexion ROM, and ankle excursions. Dancer identification, sex, and foot position were entered as random effects. Model fit, when considered independent of random effects, was generally poor with the predictor variables explaining little of the variance of peak plantarflexion ankle joint moments (R2 = 0.02) or vGRF (R2 = 0.01). Model fit improved when random effects were considered (R2 = 0.65 & 0.34). Frontal plane ankle excursion was the only predictor variable with a significant negative association with peak plantarflexion ankle joint moments (p = .016), although coefficient estimates were small. Strength, static ankle dorsiflexion ROM, and three-dimensional ankle excursions are poor predictors of load experienced at a joint and system level in professional ballet dancers. Differences between individuals, sex, and foot position may be better indicators of the load experienced during jump landings.

A 12-week multicomponent exercise program enhances frailty by increasing robustness, improves physical performance, and preserves muscle mass in older adults with HIV: MOVIhNG study.

Our aim was to analyze the effects of a multicomponent exercise program (MEP) on frailty and physical performance in older adults with HIV (OAWH) since exercise can reverse frailty in the older population overall, but there is no data for OAWH. A prospective longitudinal study with intervention and control group was designed. Sedentary adults 50 or over with and without HIV were included. The intervention was a 12-week home-based MEP. Dependent variables were frailty (frailty phenotype), physical performance (Senior Fitness Test), muscle mass (ASMI) by bioimpedance. Pre- and postintervention measurements were analyzed using McNemar's test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for quantitative variables. 40 OAWH and 20 OA without HIV. The median age was 56.5 years. 23.3% were women. The prevalence of frailty was 6.6% with no frail HIV-negative participants. Three of the four frail HIV-participants transitioned two (50%) from frail to prefrail and one (25%) to robust after the MEP. In participants with an adherence ≥50%, physical performance was significantly improved [basal vs. 12 week]: upper extremity strength [13 (13-15) vs. 16 (15-19), p = 0.0001], lower extremity strength [13 (11-16) vs. 15 (13-16), p = 0.004], aerobic endurance [62 (55-71) vs. 66 (58-80), p = 0.005]. Participants with low adherence experienced a significant worsening in ASMI [8.35 (7.44-9.26) vs. 7.09 (6.08-8.62), p = 0.03]. A 12-week MEP enhances frailty by increasing robustness in OAWH, and improves physical performance, and preserves muscle mass in older adults with good adherence to the MEP independently of HIV status.

Running Biomechanics and Clinical Features Among Adolescent Athletes With Lower Leg Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome.

To compare clinical measures between patients with chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) and healthy controls and evaluate running biomechanics, physical measurements, and exertional intracompartmental (ICP) changes in adolescent athletes with lower leg CECS. Cross-sectional case-control study. Large tertiary care hospital and affiliated injury prevention center. Forty-nine adolescents with CECS (39 F, 10 M; age: 16.9 ± 0.8 years; body mass index (BMI): 23.1 ± 2.9 kg/m 2 ; symptom duration: 8 ± 12 months) were compared with 49 healthy controls (39 F, 10 M; age: 6.9 ± 0.8 years; BMI: 20.4 ± 3.7 kg/m 2 ). All participants underwent gait analyses on a force plate treadmill and clinical lower extremity strength and range of motion testing. Patients with chronic exertional compartment syndrome underwent Stryker monitor ICP testing. Symptoms, menstrual history, and ICP pressures of the patients with CECS using descriptive statistics. Mann-Whitney U and χ 2 analyses were used to compare CECS with healthy patients for demographics, clinical measures, and gait biomechanics continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. For patients with CECS, multiple linear regressions analyses were used to assess associations between gait biomechanics, lower extremity strength and range of motion, and with ICP measures. The CECS group demonstrated higher mass-normalized peak ground reaction force measures (xBW) compared with controls (0.21 ± 0.05 xBW ( P < 0.001) and were more likely to have impact peak at initial contact ( P = 0.04). Menstrual dysfunction was independently associated with higher postexertion ICP (ß = 14.6; P = 0.02). The CECS group demonstrated increased total force magnitude and vertical impact transient peaks. In women with CECS, menstrual dysfunction was independently associated with increased postexertion ICP. These biomechanical and physiological attributes may play a role in the development of CECS.

Transference of outdoor gait-training to treadmill running biomechanics and strength measures: A randomized controlled trial

Outdoor gait-training has been successful in improving pain and reducing contact time during outdoor running for runners with exercise-related lower leg pain (ERLLP). However, it is unclear if these adaptations translate to gold standard treadmill running and clinical strength assessments. The study purpose was to assess the influence of a 4-week outdoor gait-training intervention with home exercises (FBHE) on treadmill running biomechanics and lower extremity strength compared to home exercises alone (HE) among runners with ERLLP. Seventeen runners with ERLLP were randomly allocated to FBHE and HE groups (FBHE: 3 M, 6F, 23 ± 4 years, 22.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2; HE: 3 M, 5F, 25 ± 5 years, 24.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2). Both groups completed eight sessions of home exercises over 4 weeks. The FBHE group received gait-training through wearable sensors to reduce contact time. Treadmill running gait and clinical strength assessments were conducted at baseline and 4-weeks. Multivariate repeated measures analyses of variance were used to assess the influence of group and timepoint for all outcomes. The FBHE group demonstrated significantly decreased contact time at 4-weeks compared to baseline and the HE group (Mean Difference [MD] range: −42 ms – −39 ms; p-range: <0.001–0.02). The FBHE group had significantly increased cadence (MD: +21 steps/min; p = 0.003) and decreased loading impulse (MD: −51, p < 0.001) during treadmill running at 4-weeks compared to the HE group. Strength did not significantly differ adjusting for multiple comparisons (p > 0.007). The outdoor FBHE intervention transferred to favorable changes in treadmill running biomechanics. Clinicians treating runners with ERLLP patients should implement data-driven outdoor gait-training to maximize patient benefits across running locations.

A Novel Rat Model of Venous Hypertensive Myelopathy Produced by Arteriovenous Bypass Plus Venous Stenosis.

Venous hypertensive myelopathy (VHM), mainly induced by the spinal dural arteriovenous fistula, is a congestive spinal cord injury that currently has no appropriate animal model available in preclinical research. Sprague Dawley rats (280-320 g) were used. The rats were divided into 3 groups: (1) Group 1, which underwent renal artery-dorsal spinal venous bypass (AVB group); (2) Group 2, which underwent renal artery-dorsal spinal venous bypass and drainage vein stenosis (AVB/VS group); and (3) Control group, with T13 dorsal vein ligation. The success of the model was assessed using Doppler ultrasound and 7.0-T magnetic resonance imaging. Transmission electron microscopy, histochemistry, proteomics, and western blot analysis were used to evaluate ultrastructural, pathological, and molecular features in the spinal cord and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The success rate of the arteriovenous bypass was 100% at 5 days and 83% at 2 weeks. The locomotor assessment showed decreased lower extremity strength in the AVB/VS group ( P = .0067), whereas unremarkable changes were found in the AVB and Control groups. Histochemical staining suggested a 2-fold expansion of the dorsal spinal vein in the AVB/VS group, which was lower than that in the AVB group ( P < .05); however, the former displayed greater myelin and neuronal damage ( P < .05) and slight dilatation of the central canal ( P > .05). Proteomics analysis revealed that the complement and coagulation cascade pathways were upregulated in the CSF of AVB/VS rats, whereas the C3 level was elevated both in the CSF and bilateral spinal cord. Furthermore, overexpression of C3, ITGB2, and CD9 in the spinal cord was confirmed by immunoblotting. These findings suggest that the AVB/VS model can effectively mimic the clinical and molecular characteristics of VHM. Furthermore, they suggest that impaired deep intramedullary venous drainage is the key reason for the VHM.

Rehabilitation following Medial Meniscus tear and Lateral Tibial Plateau fracture managed conservatively: A Case Report

Background and purpose: Dashboard injuries with forced lateral rotation of the leg can cause tibial plateau fractures with medial meniscus and ACL injuries. Tibial plateau fractures are difficult to treat and can have devastating effects such as discomfort, deformity, restricted ROM causing early degenerative changes in the knee joint. The purpose of this case report is to explain the physiotherapy intervention options and to assess their success in the conservative management of such injury. Case description: 33-year-old female presented to physical therapy with severe pain over the right knee while standing, unable to bend or straighten the knee and had a feeling of giving away of knee while walking since the time patient experienced a fall from her motorcycle. The condition was managed with supervised and unsupervised physiotherapy for 8 weeks. Intervention consisted of patient’s education about the condition, immobilization, electrotherapeutic modalities, exercise therapy, posture, gait, balance and proprioception training and counselling for 8 weeks, six days a week, for 45–60 minutes each day. Outcome: The patient gained the knee ROM and strength in the lower extremities while achieving all short-term goals. She began ambulating independently and was mobile and autonomous in most situations. Her Oxford knee score improved by 75%. Discussion: It has been demonstrated that physical therapy interventions are helpful in reducing patients' functional limitations. Due to a lack of supporting data, this case report describes specific procedures that were used to reduce functional restrictions caused by a medial meniscus rupture and a lateral tibial plateau fracture. KEYWORDS: Meniscal cartilage, intra-articular fracture, physical therapy, ambulation, functional status.

APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT EXERCISE PROGRAMS IN THE PREVENTION OF FALLS IN PEOPLE OF THE THIRD AGE

Introduction: Various exercise programs have a positive effect on reducing the risk of falls in elderly people. Consequences of falls include fractures and injuries, reduced quality of life, fear of falling, loss of selfconfidence, and self-limited activity leading to reduced physical function and social interactions. Activity limitation impairs physical capacity and increases the risk of further falls. Falls are the primary cause of injury of the elderly, which can result in serious consequences such as fractures, head injuries, and even death, placing a significant burden on the public health system. Annually, between 28 and 35% of individuals aged 65 and over experience a fall worldwide, with rates reaching 32% - 42% among those aged 70 and over. Therefore, preventing falls has become a key global goal for the older adult population. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of different exercise programs in preventing falls in people of the third age. Methods: The search included an overview of the relevant databases: Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate. The systematic literature review included 12 different types of research. Results: Through a scientific review of the literature, the results of the significance and effectiveness of various programs of Otago exercises, Tai Chi, and Frenkle exercises in the prevention of falls in people of the third age are presented. The greatest effect is realized in the improvement of static and dynamic balance and the fear of falling. Conclusion: These studies show that different exercise programs have a huge and significant impact on reducing the risk of falls in older people. It is a long-term and continuous method of reducing the risk of falls in the elderly through exercise. Physical exercise is effective in improving components of balance, lower extremity strength, mobility, and reducing falls and fall-related injuries.

Effect of banana tree leaves ash as cementitious material on the durability of concrete against sulphate and acid attacks

The construction industry's rapid growth poses challenges tied to raw material depletion and increased greenhouse gas emissions. To address this, alternative materials like agricultural residues are gaining prominence due to their potential to reduce carbon emissions and waste generation. In this context this research optimizes the use of banana leaves ash as a partial cement substitution, focusing on durability, and identifying the ideal cement-to-ash ratio for sustainable concrete. For this purpose, concrete mixes were prepared with BLA replacing cement partially in different proportions i.e. (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, & 20 %) and were analyzed for their physical, mechanical and Durability (Acid and Sulphate resistance) properties. Compressive strength, acid resistance and sulphate resistance testing continued for 90 days with the intervals of 7, 28 and 90 days. The results revealed that up to 10 % incorporation of BLA improved compressive strength by 10 %, while higher BLA proportions (up to 20 %) displayed superior performance in durability tests as compared to the conventional mix. The results reveal the potentials of banana leave ash to refine the concrete matrix by formation of addition C–S–H gel which leads towards a better performance specially in terms of durability aspect. Hence, banana leaf ash (BLA) is an efficient concrete ingredient, particularly up to 10 % of the mix. Beyond this threshold, it's still suitable for applications where extreme strength isn't the primary concern, because there may be a slight reduction in compressive strength.

The Impact of Regular Diet Recovery on Postoperative Rehabilitation After Elective Cesarean Section

Abstract Objective To determine the role of regular diet recovery after restoration of normal muscle strength of both lower extremities in promoting postoperative recovery in women undergoing elective cesarean section. Methods This was a prospective observational cohort study. Patients who underwent elective cesarean section at Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from October 2022 to December 2022, were categorized into two groups based on the duration of postoperative fasting: the observation group resumed eating after regaining lower extremity muscle strength, while the control group adhered to traditional postoperative fasting guidelines, waiting 6 hours before eating. Primary outcomes included postoperative pain levels assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores and time to first flatus. Demographic characteristics, time to first lactation, hospital stay length, and patient satisfaction were also assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted using Student’s t test and Chi-squared test, with significance set at P &lt; 0.05. Results Out of a total of 300 patients, 240 were included in the analysis, comprising 112 in the control group and 128 in the observation group. There were no significant differences in baseline demographic characteristics. The median values of the first flatus time and the first lactation time were 33.37 ± 1.22 vs. 18.06 ± 6.34 hours (P = 0.003) and 26.34 ± 8.21 vs. 7.05 ± 1.26 hours (P = 0.001) in the control and observation groups, respectively. The median hospital stay duration in the control and observation groups was 6.54 ± 0.53 vs. 4.84 ± 0.18 days (P = 0.000), respectively. Median postoperative VAS pain scores and patient satisfaction values were 8.57 ± 0.11 vs. 4.91 ± 0.27 (P = 0.000) and 9.36 ± 0.16 vs. 9.72 ± 0.08 (P = 0.005) in the control and observation groups, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in other postoperative outcomes, such as intestinal obstruction, infection, and readmission within 42 days (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion Food intake after restoration of lower extremity muscle strength improves first flatus, relieves postoperative pain, shortens hospital stay, and enhances satisfaction after elective cesarean section, without adverse effects. It is crucial for postoperative rehabilitation and should be encouraged.

The Effects of Different Exercise Types on Cognitive and Physical Functions in Dementia Patients: A Randomized Comparative Study

Purpose: The physical and cognitive effects of aerobic exercise on dementia have been extensively studied. Further investigation of other types of exercise with different physiological effects is still needed. This study aimed to determine cognitive and physical effects of 6-week aerobic, balance, and combined (aerobic-balance) exercise programs on dementia. Materials and Methods: A total of 31 mild to moderate dementia patients aged 65-90 years were divided into three exercise groups. Before and after the 6-week exercise program, mental rotation, spatial orientation, visual memory, and mental status were assessed for cognitive functions, while fall risk, reaction time, lower limb strength, and frailty were assessed for physical functions. Comprehensive cognitive and physical assessments were performed to provide a holistic approach to dementia. Results: When post-exercise values were compared with pre-exercise values, only frailty decreased significantly in the aerobic exercise group (p=0.017). After exercise program in balance and combined exercise groups, mental rotation (p=0.005, p=0.032), spatial orientation (p=0.020, p=0.035), mental status (p=0.007, p=0.014), and lower extremity strength (p=0. 010, p=0.005) increased significantly, while fall risk (p=0.005, p=0.005), reaction time (p=0.028, p=0.016), and frailty (p=0.020, p=0.009) decreased significantly. Moreover, in contrast to combined and aerobic exercise, improvement in visual memory was also observed in the balance exercise group (p=0.016). Conclusions: These findings suggest that balance and combined exercises may have broader effects on dementia than aerobic exercise. It emphasizes the importance of designing exercise programs for dementia patients, considering the cognitive and physical deficits of the patients, and creating a multidimensional treatment approach.

Efektifitas Home Program untuk Meningkatkan Kekuatan Otot Ekstremitas Bawah dan Resiko Jatuh Bagi Lanjut Usia di Posyandu Lanjut Usia Dusun Plosokerep, Bendosari, Sukoharjo

Efektifitas Home Program untuk Meningkatkan Kekuatan Otot Ekstremitas Bawah dan Resiko Jatuh Bagi Lanjut Usia di Posyandu Lanjut Usia Dusun Plosokerep, Bendosari, Sukoharjo

Body composition, anaerobic power, lower extremity strength in football players: Acute effect on different leagues

The aim of the study was to compare differences in body composition, lower extremity strength, and anaerobic power characteristics among professional football players at different league levels. A total of seventy-one volunteer players aged between eighteen and thirty-five years (mean age: 23.14 ± 4.23 years) participated in the study, representing the Super League, 1st League, and 2nd League. The participants' body compositions were measured using the DXA (Hologic QDR Series, Delphi A model, Bedford, MA, USA) bioelectrical impedance analyzer, CounterMovement Jump (CMJ) strength with the ChronoJump Smartspeed Mat (INEFC, Barcelona), and Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) tests were conducted. ANOVA was used to compare multiple groups, and the Duncan multiple comparison tests were conducted in cases where differences were observed to determine which group the difference favored. The results revealed that Super League players statistically possessed more significant values in body composition compared to 1st and 2nd League players and demonstrated significantly higher values in terms of jump height, maximum force output, and anaerobic power compared to 1st and 2nd League players (p

Voleybolcularda Addüktör Kas Grubuna Uygulanan Kinezyolojik Bantlamanın Endurans, Güç ve Çeviklik Üzerine Akut Etkisi

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the acute effect of kinesiology taping (KT) to the hip adductor muscle group (AMG) on endurance, strength and agility in female volleyball players (VP). Materials and Methods: Thirty female VP, with an average age of 17.53±2.55 years, who played licensed volleyball for at least two years were included in our study. KT was applied longitudinally to the athletes between the pubis and lower border of the tuberositas tibia, including the AMG using the facilitation technique (25% stretching). Evaluations were repeated before taping and 20 minutes after taping. The athletes' Adductor muscle endurance was evaluated using the Copenhagen adduction exercise, vertical jump test for lower extremity strength, and Edgren side step test for agility. Results: When the results of the study were evaluated, it was found that there was a statistically significant increase in the endurance (p&amp;lt;0.001), strength (p&amp;lt;0.001) and agility (p&amp;lt;0.001) values of the athletes after KT application. Conclusions: KT applied to the adductor area can be used by physiotherapists during competitions or training due to its positive effects on the performance of VP.

The Effect of Two-Handed Overhead Medicine Ball Throwing Exercises on Upper Extreme Muscle Strength and Kinematic Movement in Soccer Throw-ins

This study aims to analyze the effect of two-handed overhead medicine ball (THOMBT) training on upper extremity muscle strength and kinematic movement. This research utilized an experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design. Sample collection used a random sampling technique. The sampling results were then divided into a control group (CTRL) and an experimental group (THOMBT). The Shapiro-Wilk test and Levene's test were used as prerequisite tests. Paired t-tests and independent sample t-tests were used to compare improvements within and between groups. Statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05. Cohen's effect size (ES) was used to measure group differences. A total of 15 players were in the experimental group with an average age of 16.20 ± 0.77 years, while 15 other players were in the control group with an average age of 16.13 ± 0.83. Before and after the four-week trial period, upper extremity muscle strength testing was conducted using push-ups, sit-ups, and kinematic movement tests, which included throwing distance, arm angular speed, and release angle tests. The result is the THOMBT group showed significant improvements in push-ups (p = .000, Δ% = 22.44), sit-ups (p = .000, Δ% = 9.33), distance throws (p = .000, Δ% = 8.20), and arm angular velocity (p = .000, Δ% = 14.98). Meanwhile, the CTRL group did not have a significant increase. The conclusion is that THOMBT training for four weeks is effective in increasing upper extremity strength ability and movement kinematics, but not variable angle of release. Keywords: throws, medicine ball, muscle strength, kinematics movement.

Comparing shoulder proprioception, upper extremity dynamic stability, and hand grip strength in overhead athletes with and without scapular dyskinesis

IntroductionScapular dyskinesis is prevalent among asymptomatic athletes, particularly those involved in overhead activities, and can significantly impact their neuromuscular control. These changes may impair upper extremity function and strength, elevating the risk of injury. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate how scapular dyskinesis affects shoulder proprioception, upper extremity dynamic stability, and hand grip strength in overhead athletes. This study compared these parameters between overhead athletes with and without scapular dyskinesis. MethodsThe study included twenty asymptomatic professional overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis and twenty without scapular dyskinesis, identified using the lateral scapular slide test. In this cross-sectional study, shoulder active joint position sense, serving as shoulder proprioception, was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. Upper extremity dynamic stability and hand grip strength were evaluated using an upper quarter modified star excursion balance test (UQ-mSEBT) and a handheld dynamometer. ResultsThe study found that the shoulder active joint position sense was significantly lower in the scapular dyskinesis group compared to the group without scapular dyskinesis (PExternal Rotation = 0.003, PInternal Rotation < 0.001, and PForward Flexion = 0.002). However, the two groups had no significant differences in UQ-mSEBT and hand grip strength scores. ConclusionsThe results showed that scapular dyskinesis could affect the sense of shoulder active joint position among asymptomatic overhead athletes. However, it did not affect their upper extremity dynamic stability and hand grip strength.