Extreme Variants Research Articles

Reconstruction of Complex Acromion Nonunions and Fractures With a Locking Mesh Plate

Objectives: To assess surgical and functional outcomes in a cohort of patients having surgically reconstructed acromion nonunions or severely comminuted acute fracture patterns treated with a variable angle, locking mesh plate with a matrix of screw options. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Level I trauma center. Patients: Between 2012 and 2017, 10 patients, 4 patients with acromion nonunions and 6 patients with severely comminuted acromion fractures presented to a single institution and underwent surgical treatment. Intervention: Surgical repair of complex acromion fractures and nonunions utilizing a 2.4/2.7 locking mesh plate (Depuy-Synthes) with bone grafting (nonunions). Main Outcome Measurements: Primary outcome measures include range of motion; strength; Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; and Short Form 36 Health Survey. Results: Seven of 10 patients (70%) achieved 1 year follow-up, mean 23.3 months (range, 12 to 46 mo). Nine of 10 patients achieved union following the index reconstruction procedure and 1 patient achieved union after revision of failed mesh plate fixation. At final follow-up, the mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 20.0 (11.2 in fracture group and 31.6 in nonunion group) and mean mental and physical component Short Form 36 scores were 51.4 and 42.9, respectively. Conclusions: A variable angle, locking mesh plate may be a useful implant choice for complex nonunions and severely comminuted fracture patterns of the acromion process. In this series, union rate and perioperative complications were acceptable in extreme fracture variants.

Analysis of the Impact of the Assumed Moment of Meeting Total Energy Demand on the Profitability of Photovoltaic Installations for Households in Poland

In this article, the authors analyzed two extreme investment variants considering the installed capacity of Poland’s residential pv installation: (a) pv installation meets electricity demand only in the first year of operation, and in each subsequent year it is necessary to purchase electricity at market prices; (b) installation meets electricity demand even in the last year of operation, and in each previous year, the excess of generated electricity needs to be transferred back to the grid, with the limited (by law) right of drawing it from the grid for free in the future. In the article, a sensitivity analysis was performed, and profitability changes were established based on the NPV value, depending on case (a) or (b). The performed analyses showed that the pv installation profitability should not be analyzed, assuming only one moment when it meets 100% of the household’s electricity demand. It was shown that the choice of such a moment, depending on the value of particular technical and financial parameters, can lead to a change in the NPV value, even over 10%. Although the studies were done for Poland, such an approach can be implemented in other countries.

Pale Plumage in Golden Eagles from Scandinavia: Extreme Variants or a New Color Morph?

Pale Plumage in Golden Eagles from Scandinavia: Extreme Variants or a New Color Morph?

Variability of basic blood parameters in dependence of physiological status in highly productive cows

The analysis of hematological parameters of blood was carried out in highly productive cattle of black-and-white Holstein cows of the Netherlands selection on a robotic farm in the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria. To establish the influence of physiological status controlled livestock (n = 64) was divided into three groups: dry (n = 13), fresh and inseminated (n = 20) and pregnant (n = 31). The analysis was conducted for 9 basic blood elements (WBC, Lim, Gran, Mid, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCH) with setting the limit of extreme variants and the difference between them, X ± mx, σ, Cv for each group in comparison with the average values for the entire sample. It was found that the grouping of cows makes it possible to differentiate the variability and average indicators of the blood composition taking into account the physiological status. The highest rates were noted in the group of pregnant cows, lower were in the group of just calving and inseminated cows, but had not tested for pregnancy yet. Heifer cow performance was more stable.

DSM-5 alternative personality disorder model traits as extreme variants of five-factor model traits in adolescents.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) recognizes a developmental perspective on personality pathology owing to its proposal to conceptualize personality pathology in terms of maladaptive personality traits. Previous research has found that the DSM-5 maladaptive traits and the five-factor model (FFM) for normative personality traits share common underlying dimensions. Although the DSM-5 generally assumes DSM-5 traits to be extreme versions of FFM traits, empirical evidence is scarce in adolescents. The present study therefore extended previous studies by comparing the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) in an adolescent sample (n = 353), using item response theory. Results indicated an underlying dimension for all domain pairs except for FFM Openness and Psychoticism. Consistent with the general assumption, IRT results demonstrated that Personality Inventory for DSM-5 scales generally provided more information than the BFI-2 scales at the upper levels of the latent dimension. The BFI-2 scales provided more information at the lower levels. For FFM Conscientiousness and Disinhibition, however, the BFI-2 scale provided more information for almost the entire range of the latent dimension. The findings indicate similarities in the DSM-5 conceptualization of personality pathology between adults and adolescents and at the same time identify important differences that need to be considered. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

A deep supervised learning approach for condition-based maintenance of naval propulsion systems

In the last years, predictive maintenance has gained a central position in condition-based maintenance tasks planning. Machine learning approaches have been very successful in simplifying the construction of prognostic models for health assessment based on available historical labeled data issued from similar systems or specific physical models. However, if the collected samples suffer from lack of labels (small labeled dataset or not enough samples), the process of generalization of the learning model on the dataset as well as on the newly arrived samples (application) can be very difficult. In an attempt to overcome such drawbacks, a new deep supervised learning approach is introduced in this paper. The proposed approach aims at extracting and learning important patterns even from a small amount of data in order to produce more general health estimator. The algorithm is trained online based on local receptive field theories of extreme learning machines using data issued from a propulsion system simulator. Compared to extreme learning machine variants, the new algorithm shows a higher level of accuracy in terms of approximation and generalization under several training paradigms.

Does divergence from normal patterns of integration increase as chromosomal fusions increase in number? A test on a house mouse hybrid zone.

Chromosomal evolution is widely considered an important driver of speciation because it can promote the establishment of reproductive barriers. Karyotypic reorganization is also expected to affect the mean phenotype, as well as its development and patterns of phenotypic integration, through processes such as variation in genetic linkage between quantitative trait loci or between regulatory regions and their targets. Here we explore the relationship between chromosomal evolution and phenotypic integration by analyzing a well-known house mouse parapatric contact zone between a highly derived Robertsonian (Rb) race (2n = 22) and populations with standard karyotype (2n = 40). Populations with hybrid karyotypes are scattered throughout the hybrid zone connecting the two parental races. Using mandible shape data and geometric morphometrics, we test the hypothesis that patterns of integration progressively diverge from the “normal” integration pattern observed in the standard race as they accumulate Rb fusions. We find that the main pattern of integration observed between the posterior and anterior part of the mandible can be largely attributed to allometry. We find no support for a gradual increase in divergence from normal patterns of integration as fusions accumulate. Surprisingly, however, we find that the derived Rb race (2n = 22) has a distinct allometric trajectory compared with the standard race. Our results suggest that either individual fusions disproportionately affect patterns of integration or that there are mechanisms which “purge” extreme variants in hybrids (e.g. reduced fitness of hybrid shape).

Supplemental Material for DSM–5 Alternative Personality Disorder Model Traits as Extreme Variants of Five-Factor Model Traits in Adolescents

Supplemental Material for DSM–5 Alternative Personality Disorder Model Traits as Extreme Variants of Five-Factor Model Traits in Adolescents

New occurrence of the middle Toarcian Telodactylites eucosmus (Lippi Boncambi, 1947) (Ammonitina) from the NW European realm, and introduction of a new genus

Telodactylites Pinna & Levi-Setti, 1971 was, up to now, considered to be a middle Toarcian ammonite genus restricted to the Mediterranean realm. We here document two specimens from the Variabilis Subzone (middle Toarcian) of the Thouars area (western France), interpreted as extreme variants of " Telodactylites " eucosmus (Lippi Boncambi, 1947). However, Telodactylites Pinna & Levi-Setti, 1971 must be considered a junior synonym of Peronoceras Hyatt , 1867 and its recent usage is based on an illegitimate subsequent change of its type species. A new genus Neotelodactylites is introduced (type species: Peronoceras eucosmum Lippi Boncambi, 1947). The new finds represent firm evidence for the occurrence of Neotelodactylites n. gen. eucosmus in the NW European realm, therefore considerably extending the palaeogeographical distribution of this species and genus.

Pale Plumage in Golden Eagles from Scandinavia: Extreme Variants or a New Color Morph?

Pale Plumage in Golden Eagles from Scandinavia: Extreme Variants or a New Color Morph?

The anatomical variations of the gall-bladder in relation to gender, body constitution type, according to results of topographical study

This work presents the results of in a noninvasive topographic and anatomical study of the gallbladder and the anterior abdominal wall parameters in the right hypochondrium region (based on the results of spiral computed tomography and 3D modeling) in both sexes with different body types. It is established that there are some features of the gallbladder’s bottom and neck holotopia, depending on sex and body type of the patient. Extreme variants of the gallbladder’s position are revealed. The bottom of the gallbladder is located: a) the most lateral position in hyperstenic men; b) maximum medial in astenic women; c) maximum cranial in astenic men; d) the most caudal in astenic women. The gallbladder’s neck is located: a) the maximum lateral position in normostenic men; b) maximum medial in astenic women; c) maximum cranial in astenic men; c) the maximum caudal in astenic women. A mathematical algorithm is proposed and a software package is developed to determine the gollbladder’s bottom and neck probabilistic location in the three-dimensional coordinate system in patients depending on gender and body type. The developed technique allows to choose the type of operative access, to plan its individual localisation, and also to calculate criteria of operative access depending on patient’s anthropometric data during preparation for intervention. This allows to decide on the rationality of the use of a surgical access, choose its optimal location, the size of the skin incision, thereby reducing surgical trauma during the intervention and leads to improved quality of treatment of patients with gallstone disease.

Analysis of the Progeny of Sibling Matings Reveals Regulatory Variation Impacting the Transcriptome of Immune Cells in Commercial Chickens.

There is increasing recognition that the underlying genetic variation contributing to complex traits influences transcriptional regulation and can be detected at a population level as expression quantitative trait loci. At the level of an individual, allelic variation in transcriptional regulation of individual genes can be detected by measuring allele-specific expression in RNAseq data. We reasoned that extreme variants in gene expression could be identified by analysis of inbred progeny with shared grandparents. Commercial chickens have been intensively selected for production traits. Selection is associated with large blocks of linkage disequilibrium with considerable potential for co-selection of closely linked “hitch-hiker alleles” affecting traits unrelated to the feature being selected, such as immune function, with potential impact on the productivity and welfare of the animals. To test this hypothesis that there is extreme allelic variation in immune-associated genes we sequenced a founder population of commercial broiler and layer birds. These birds clearly segregated genetically based upon breed type. Each genome contained numerous candidate null mutations, protein-coding variants predicted to be deleterious and extensive non-coding polymorphism. We mated selected broiler-layer pairs then generated cohorts of F2 birds by sibling mating of the F1 generation. Despite the predicted prevalence of deleterious coding variation in the genomic sequence of the founders, clear detrimental impacts of inbreeding on survival and post-hatch development were detected in only one F2 sibship of 15. There was no effect on circulating leukocyte populations in hatchlings. In selected F2 sibships we performed RNAseq analysis of the spleen and isolated bone marrow-derived macrophages (with and without lipopolysaccharide stimulation). The results confirm the predicted emergence of very large differences in expression of individual genes and sets of genes. Network analysis of the results identified clusters of co-expressed genes that vary between individuals and suggested the existence of trans-acting variation in the expression in macrophages of the interferon response factor family that distinguishes the parental broiler and layer birds and influences the global response to lipopolysaccharide. This study shows that the impact of inbreeding on immune cell gene expression can be substantial at the transcriptional level, and potentially opens a route to accelerate selection using specific alleles known to be associated with desirable expression levels.

The bipolarity of normal and abnormal personality structure: Implications for assessment.

The predominant model of general personality structure is arguably the Five Factor Model (FFM), consisting of the 5 broad domains of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. A hypothesis of long-standing interest has been that personality disorders can be understood as extreme and/or maladaptive variants of the domains and facets of the FFM. This hypothesis has now been formally recognized within Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Section III and within the proposal for the 11th edition of the World Health Organization's diagnostic manual. However, a notable feature of both proposals is that they are largely (albeit not exclusively) unipolar with respect to maladaptive personality structure. The purpose of the current article is to present theoretical and empirical support for the presence of maladaptivity at both poles of all 5 domains of the FFM. Discussed in particular are implications for assessment for this maladaptive personality structure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

INCIDENTAL FINDINGS ON CBCT AND CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

Background In the future, 3-dimensional diagnostic imaging will certainly be the preferred imaging method in dentistry, with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) featuring prominently in the management of many cases. Nevertheless, increased information that advanced imaging techniques can result in increased amounts of findings that are unrelated to the reason the examination was conducted. The prevalence rate of these occult entities on CBCT varies widely among reported studies and may exceed 50%, depending mainly on demographic factors and field of view (FOV). Additionally, utilization of incidental findings, which may give rise to both medical and legal concerns, has to be based on their clinical significance. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of incidental radiologic findings on CBCT examinations. Furthermore, we attempted to classify these findings according to their clinical significance. Materials and Methods We retrospectively evaluated 741 CBCT examinations with extended FOV for incidental findings. Incidental radiologic findings were identified, recorded, classified on the basis of their locations and ranked according to clinical significance. Results The vast majority of CBCT examinations presented with at least1 incidental radiologic finding, resulting in a surprisingly high prevalence in total. If extreme anatomic variants are taken into account (nasal septum deviation, sinus septations, etc.), the cumulative prevalence exceeds 99%. The frequency of incidental entities of major significance that may require immediate attention was greater than 10%. Discussion Random incidental radiologic findings occur at a high frequency in CBCT examinations of patients referred for routine dental assessment. Inflammatory changes in the paranasal sinuses, as well as benign entities in the neck and the cervical spine (tonsillar calcifications and degenerative changes), are among the most frequent findings. Although the number of findings that may need immediate attention is relatively low, in a considerable number of cases, periodic evaluation is required.

'Everything I enjoy doing I just couldn't do': Biographical disruption for sport-related injury.

This article draws on interview data with a population of non-elite sport/exercise participants (n = 20) to illustrate the interrelationship between biographical disruption and sport-related injury. It argues that contrary to the significance implied by their lack of prominence on current public health agendas, sport-related injuries can have a devastating personal impact, comparable to the more extreme variants of biographical disruption depicted in the literature on chronic illness. It seeks to explain the apparent incongruence between biophysical severity and subjective assessment of impact, by invoking notions of community normalisation and imagined futures, and identifying the unavailability of what subjects evaluate as effective medical support. These factors combine to problematise the attainment of biographical repair. It further highlights how biographical contingencies such as youthfulness, distinction through exhibiting responsible citizenship and the sense of failure to exert bodily self-management through exercise, perpetuate and escalate both biographical disruption and chronic illness. The paper thus illustrates the aetiological interdependence of biographical disruption and chronic illness as exercisers exacerbate relatively minor ailments due to their reluctance to modify habitual routines.

Maladaptive personality traits and romantic relationship satisfaction: A monozygotic co-twin control analysis.

The recent inclusion of an alternative model for personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013a) highlights the importance of extreme variants of personality for psychopathology. The maladaptive personality traits described in the alternative model comprise 5 higher-order domains and 25 lower-order facets that capture pathological levels of personality. The present report adds to a growing body of research on the implications of maladaptive personality traits for functioning by demonstrating significant associations between each of the higher-order domains (Negative Affect, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism) and most of the lower-order facets and lower romantic relationship satisfaction in a population-based sample of 284 monozygotic (MZ) adult twins. We further capitalized upon co-twin differences in levels of personality pathology in a causally informative approach, the MZ co-twin control study design. Co-twin control analyses indicated that higher levels of Negative Affect, Detachment, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism, as well as several lower-order facets, were associated with lower romantic relationship satisfaction even after accounting for the genetic and environmental factors shared by twins that confer liability toward personality pathology and psychosocial dysfunction. The present results lend support to the potentially causal implications of personality pathology for interpersonal functioning, even in a community sample unlikely to be evidencing clinical levels of pathology, by suggesting that extreme variants of personality, manifested by comparably extreme deviations in thinking, feeling, behaving, and interacting with others, may lead to impaired functioning in important domains. (PsycINFO Database Record

Adaptive multiple graph regularized semi-supervised extreme learning machine

Semi-supervised extreme learning machine (SSELM) was proposed as an effective algorithm for machine learning and pattern recognition. However, the performance of SSELM heavily depends on whether the underlying geometrical structure of the data can be well exploited. Though many techniques have been utilized for constructing graph to represent the data structure, which of them can best reflect the intrinsic distribution of complicated input data is still needed to be verified. Aiming to solve this problem, we propose a novel algorithm called adaptive multiple graph regularized semi-supervised extreme learning machine (AMGR-SSELM). The contributions of the proposed algorithm are as follows: (1) AMGR-SSELM employs multiple graph structures extracted from training samples to characterize the structure of input data. Since these graphs are constructed based on different principles and complementary with each other, the underlying data distribution can be well exploited through combining them. (2) A nonnegative weight vector is introduced into AMGR-SSELM to adaptively combine the multiple graphs for representing different data. (3) An explicit classifier can be learnt in our algorithm, which overcomes the ‘out of sample’ problem. (4) A simple and efficient iterative update approach is also proposed to optimize AMGR-SSELM. In addition, we compare the proposed approach with other classification methods and some extreme learning machine variants on five benchmark image databases (Yale, Extended YaleB, CMU PIE, AR and FKP). The results of extensive experiments show the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Contralateral Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach for Resection of Thalamic Cavernous Malformations

BACKGROUND Surgical resection of cavernous malformations (CM) in the posterior thalamus, pineal region, and midbrain tectum is technically challenging owing to the presence of adjacent eloquent cortex and critical neurovascular structures. Various supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) approaches have been used in the surgical armamentarium targeting lesions in this region, including the median, paramedian, and extreme lateral variants. Surgical view of a posterior thalamic CM from the traditional ipsilateral vantage point may be obscured by occipital lobe and tentorium. OBJECTIVE To describe a novel surgical approach via a contralateral SCIT (cSCIT) trajectory for resecting posterior thalamic CMs. METHODS From 1997 to 2017, 75 patients underwent the SCIT approach for cerebrovascular/oncologic pathology by the senior author. Of these, 30 patients underwent the SCIT approach for CM resection, and 3 patients underwent the cSCIT approach. Historical patient data, radiographic features, surgical technique, and postoperative neurological outcomes were evaluated in each patient. RESULTS All 3 patients presented with symptomatic CMs within the right posterior thalamus with radiographic evidence of hemorrhage. All surgeries were performed in the sitting position. There were no intraoperative complications. Neuroimaging demonstrated complete CM resection in all cases. There were no new or worsening neurological deficits or evidence of rebleeding/recurrence noted postoperatively. CONCLUSION This study establishes the surgical feasibility of a contralateral SCIT approach in resection of symptomatic thalamic CMs It demonstrates the application for this procedure in extending the surgical trajectory superiorly and laterally and maximizing safe resectability of these deep CMs with gravity-assisted brain retraction.

Integrating the HEXACO model with the Triarchic conceptualization of psychopathy

The current study contributes to the ongoing debate about the nature of psychopathic traits by examining the convergence between a measure of the Triarchic model of psychopathy (Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition; Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009) and the HEXACO model of personality (e.g., Ashton & Lee, 2007) using a sample of 545 undergraduates. There was substantial overlap between the two inventories. Boldness was primarily associated with (low) Emotionality and Extraversion. Meanness was mostly associated with (low) Honestly-Humility and Emotionality whereas Disinhibition had a strong negative correlation with Conscientiousness. Measures of the Triarchic traits provided some evidence of incremental utility over the HEXACO domains in predicting scores on relevant external correlates (e.g., self-esteem, maladaptive personality traits). Results further clarify the Triarchic constructs and support arguments that many psychopathic traits are extreme variants of normal personality traits.

Altitudinal Variability in Wing Patterns of Phyllonorycter salictella (Zeller, 1846) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Individual variability of wing patterns is not frequent in European species of the genusPhyllonorycterHübner, 1822. It is unusually distinct inPhyllonorycter salictella(Zeller, 1846) which causes some taxonomic ambiguities and oversights. We found on numerous material of adults reared from overwintering pupae collected in the Czech and Slovak Republics since 1950 that this variability is related with altitude (temperature). Adults with the distinct generotypic (plesiomorphic) wing patterns dominated in submountain populations while individuals with the strongly reduced (apomorphic) wing drawings were represented quite negligibly. This ratio was reversed in lowland populations. The observed variability is continuous between extreme variants, it is regionally and trophic unaffected, and more pronounced in males than in females. The results support the view that the questionable taxa such asPhyllonorycter viminiella(Sircom, 1848) andP. heringiella(Grønlien, 1932) represent only individual (local or regional) forms of the above species.