Extreme Stress Conditions Research Articles

Gene Expression Dynamics Accompanying the Sponge Thermal Stress Response.

Marine sponges are important members of coral reef ecosystems. Thus, their responses to changes in ocean chemistry and environmental conditions, particularly to higher seawater temperatures, will have potential impacts on the future of these reefs. To better understand the sponge thermal stress response, we investigated gene expression dynamics in the shallow water sponge, Haliclona tubifera (order Haplosclerida, class Demospongiae), subjected to elevated temperature. Using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, we show that these conditions result in the activation of various processes that interact to maintain cellular homeostasis. Short-term thermal stress resulted in the induction of heat shock proteins, antioxidants, and genes involved in signal transduction and innate immunity pathways. Prolonged exposure to thermal stress affected the expression of genes involved in cellular damage repair, apoptosis, signaling and transcription. Interestingly, exposure to sublethal temperatures may improve the ability of the sponge to mitigate cellular damage under more extreme stress conditions. These insights into the potential mechanisms of adaptation and resilience of sponges contribute to a better understanding of sponge conservation status and the prediction of ecosystem trajectories under future climate conditions.

Welcome Interns: May I Have Your Attention?

Welcome Interns: May I Have Your Attention?

Ploidy plasticity: a rapid and reversible strategy for adaptation to stress.

Organisms must be able to grow in a broad range of conditions found in their normal growth environment and for a species to survive, at least some cells in a population must adapt rapidly to extreme stress conditions that kill the majority of cells.Candida albicans, the most prevalent fungal pathogen of humans resides as a commensal in a broad range of niches within the human host. Growth conditions in these niches are highly variable and stresses such exposure to antifungal drugs can inhibit population growth abruptly. One of the mechanisms C. albicans uses to adapt rapidly to severe stresses is aneuploidy-a change in the total number of chromosomes such that one or more chromosomes are present in excess or are missing. Aneuploidy is quite common in wild isolates of fungi and other eukaryotic microbes. Aneuploidy can be achieved by chromosome nondisjunction during a simple mitosis, and in stress conditions it begins to appear after two mitotic divisions via a tetraploid intermediate. Aneuploidy usually resolves to euploidy (a balanced number of chromosomes), but not necessarily to diploidy. Aneuploidy of a specific chromosome can confer new phenotypes by virtue of the copy number of specific genes on that chromosome relative to the copies of other genes. Thus, it is not aneuploidy per se, but the relative copy number of specific genes that confers many tested aneuploidy-associated phenotypes. Aneuploidy almost always carries a fitness cost, as cells express most proteins encoded by genes on the aneuploid chromosome in proportion to the number of DNA copies of the gene. This is thought to be due to imbalances in the stoichiometry of different components of large complexes. Despite this, fitness is a relative function-and if stress is severe and population growth has slowed considerably, then even small growth advantages of some aneuploidies can provide a selective advantage. Thus, aneuploidy appears to provide a transient solution to severe and sudden stress conditions, and may promote the appearance of more stable solutions as well. Importantly, in many clinical and environmental isolates of different fungal species aneuploidy does not appear to have a high fitness cost, and is well-tolerated. Thus, rapid changes in ploidy may provide the opportunity for rapid adaptation to stress conditions in the environment, host niches or in response to antifungal drugs.

Functional Characterization of the Tau Class Glutathione-S-Transferases Gene (SbGSTU) Promoter of Salicornia brachiata under Salinity and Osmotic Stress.

Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are generated in the plant cell during the extreme stress condition, which produces toxic compounds after reacting with the organic molecules. The glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes play a significant role to detoxify these toxins and help in excretion or sequestration of them. In the present study, we have cloned 1023 bp long promoter region of tau class GST from an extreme halophyte Salicornia brachiata and functionally characterized using the transgenic approach in tobacco. Computational analysis revealed the presence of abiotic stress responsive cis-elements like ABRE, MYB, MYC, GATA, GT1 etc., phytohormones, pathogen and wound responsive motifs. Three 5’-deletion constructs of 730 (GP2), 509 (GP3) and 348 bp (GP4) were made from 1023 (GP1) promoter fragment and used for tobacco transformation. The single event transgenic plants showed notable GUS reporter protein expression in the leaf tissues of control as well as treated plants. The expression level of the GUS gradually decreases from GP1 to GP4 in leaf tissues, whereas the highest level of expression was detected with the GP2 construct in root and stem under control condition. The GUS expression was found higher in leaves and stems of salinity or osmotic stress treated transgenic plants than that of the control plants, but, lower in roots. An efficient expression level of GUS in transgenic plants suggests that this promoter can be used for both constitutive as well as stress inducible expression of gene(s). And this property, make it as a potential candidate to be used as an alternative promoter for crop genetic engineering.

Modelling the correlation between building energy ratings and heat-related mortality and morbidity

Climate change has led to an increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves as well as the risk of heat stress within buildings. To provide habitable indoor conditions without air-conditioning during heatwave, residential building energy efficiency need to be upgraded. The aim of this research is to investigate the possible correlation of building energy rating upgrading with heat-related health hazard during heatwave, with case data drawing from Melbourne, Australia. Using building simulations, indoor heat stress conditions of different energy rated houses were calculated using wet bulb globe temperature and discomfort index under the Melbourne 2009 heatwave conditions. The results showed that during three days heatwave period, residents of 0.9 star energy rated house were exposed to extreme heat stress conditions for almost 25h compared to only 6h experienced by the occupants of 5.4 star energy rated house. Several robust empirical relationships were proposed to predict deaths, ambulance calls, emergency department presentations and after hour doctor calls during heatwave. It was concluded that mortality rate from a Melbourne 2009 type, as well as, future more intense heatwave may reduce by 90% if entire existing lower energy star rated houses can be upgraded to minimum 5.4 star energy rating.

Ecology and Management ofPemphigus betae(Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Sugar Beet

Pemphigus betae Doane (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a sporadic pest of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris ) in all major sugar beet production regions of North America. These oval-shaped, pale-yellowish insects, with a body length ranging from 1.9–2.4 mm, secrete a waxy material, giving their subterranean colonies a moldy appearance. Poplars in the genus Populus L. are the preferred primary hosts, while sugar beet and certain weed species, such as common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album L.) and kochia ( Kochia scoparia (L.)), are among the secondary hosts. Pemphigus betae has a complex and varied life cycle and is usually heteroecious and holocyclic, although anholocyclic apterae are known to overwinter in the soil. Heavy infestations of this aphid can induce significant reductions in yield, sugar content, and recoverable sugar. Under conditions of extreme stress and heavy infestations, the alienicolae can induce stunting, chlorosis, wilting, and even death of sugar beet plants. Accurately establishing population densities for sugarbeet root aphids presents a challenge, because the economic important stage of this insect is subterranean. However, use of a fall root rating index aids in estimating relative population densities. Furthermore, root aphids are especially difficult to control by means of conventional insecticides. For this reason, integrated pest management tactics, including the use of host plant resistance, cultural control techniques, and the use of natural enemies, should take precedence.

Assessment of Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Wind Characteristics at Three Different Locations in Peninsular Malaysia

Urbanization and rapid growth in construction have led to the problems of global warming and urban heat island throughout the world. In order to reduce these problems particularly in hot and humid climatic region, a research on current level of outdoor thermal comfort and wind characteristics based on the local weather conditions around Malaysia should be conducted. This paper reports on the analysis of outdoor thermal comfort level at hottest temperatures and wind characteristics at three locations in Peninsular Malaysia by using hourly climatic data recorded by Malaysian Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia). The level of outdoor thermal comfort was assessed based on the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). The results showed extreme heat stress conditions have occurred at Alor Setar, Kuantan, and Subang with UTCI values of 51.2°C, 49.7°C, and 49.0°C respectively taking into account only temperature data from the year 2012 to 2014. However, for 20 years data from 1994 to 2014, the calculated UTCI also showed extreme heat stress conditions with their respective values of 49.6°C, 43.8°C, and 49.7°C for Alor Setar, Kuantan, and Subang respectively. Meanwhile, the hourly mean wind speed for three years data at Alor Setar, Kuantan, and Subang, were 1.70m/s, 1.69m/s, and 1.63m/s respectively. The highest mean wind speed of 11.6m/s was observed at Subang, while no wind movement (i.e. 0m/s) was considered to be the lowest hourly wind speed for all three locations. The observed prevailing wind direction for all the three locations was from the north (0°). It can be concluded that Peninsular Malaysia is generally facing extreme heat stress problem due to unfavourable climatic conditions.

Sialoganglioside Micelles for Enhanced Paclitaxel Solubility: In Vitro Characterization

Efficiency of mono-sialogangliosides to load Paclitaxel (Ptx) has recently been found to depend on the structure of the polysaccharide chain. In this study, we demonstrated that incorporation of only one more sialic acid into the ganglioside molecule, independently of its position, causes a 4-fold increase in Ptx-loading capacity, the maximum being at a 5:1 molar ratio (di-sialoganglioside/Paclitaxel, GD/Ptx). These complexes are stable in solution for at least 3 months, and over 90% of Ptx remains loaded in the micelles after extreme stress conditions such as high-speed centrifugation, lyophilization, or freeze-thaw cycles. Ganglioside micelles protect 50% of the initially loaded Ptx from alkaline hydrolysis after 24 h at pH 10. Dynamic light scattering studies revealed that GD micelles increase their size from 9 to 12 nm when loaded with Ptx. Transmission electron microscopy shows a homogeneous population of spherical micelles either with or without Ptx. In vitro biological activity was similar to that of the free drug. These results provide further options of self-assembled nanostructures of di- and tri-sialogangliosides with a higher loading capacity.

The Role of Festivals in Drought-affected Australian Communities

Event management research increasingly recognizes place embeddedness as critical to success. Less well understood is the significance of the festivals and events sector in places suffering from environmental crises. A major empirical survey of 480 festivals in rural Australia, conducted in 2008 at the height of the Millennium Drought, elucidates the role and significance of festivals under conditions of extreme environmental stress. It centers on a qualitative analysis of responses to open-ended questions on the impacts of that drought. Over 70% of participating festival and event managers indicated that their community had suffered from drought, while 43% cited drought as adversely affecting the organization and management of their event. Impacts varied geographically and by event type (with inland agricultural shows especially hard hit). Nearly half of event managers also explained how their festival played a constructive role in helping their community cope with drought. Festivals stimulated much-needed economic activity and encouraged "creative frugality" in difficult times. Festivals also fulfilled an important civic emotional and psychological role in lifting community spirits and bringing communities together in otherwise adverse circumstances. Biophysical extremity is thus both a constrainer and a catalyst for the festivals and events sector in trying social circumstances.

Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 in murine osteoblastic cells and their inhibition by bromoenol lactone: impact on arachidonate dynamics and prostaglandin synthesis

Context: Bromoenol lactone (BEL) is an inhibitor of group VI phospholipases (iPLA2s), but has been shown to have severe side effects. Objective: iPLA2 characterization in osteoblasts and effect of BEL on prostaglandin (PG) E2 formation. Methods: iPLA2 expression: RT-PCR, Western Blotting. PGE2 formation: GC–MS after stimulation, treatment with inhibitors or gene silencing. Arachidonate (AA) reacylation into phospholipids, inhibitor reaction products, PGHS-1 modification proteomic analysis: HR-LC–MS/MS. AA accumulation: 14C-AA. Results: iPLA2ß and iPLA2γ were expressed and functionally active. BEL inhibition up to 20 μM caused AA accumulation and enhanced PGE2 formation, followed by a decrease at higher concentrations. BEL reacted with intracellular cysteine and GSH leading to GSH depletion and oxidative stress.Discussion: Initial PGE2 enhancement after BEL inhibition is due to iPLA2-independent accumulation of AA. GSH depletion caused by high BEL concentrations is responsible for the decrease in PGE2 production. Conclusion: BEL must be used with caution in a cellular environment due to conditions of extreme oxidative stress.

Probing the character of ultra-fast dislocations.

Plasticity is often controlled by dislocation motion, which was first measured for low pressure, low strain rate conditions decades ago. However, many applications require knowledge of dislocation motion at high stress conditions where the data are sparse, and come from indirect measurements dominated by the effect of dislocation density rather than velocity. Here we make predictions based on atomistic simulations that form the basis for a new approach to measure dislocation velocities directly at extreme conditions using three steps: create prismatic dislocation loops in a near-surface region using nanoindentation, drive the dislocations with a shockwave, and use electron microscopy to determine how far the dislocations moved and thus their velocity at extreme stress and strain rate conditions. We report on atomistic simulations of tantalum that make detailed predictions of dislocation flow, and find that the approach is feasible and can uncover an exciting range of phenomena, such as transonic dislocations and a novel form of loop stretching. The simulated configuration enables a new class of experiments to probe average dislocation velocity at very high applied shear stress.

The Tumorigenic Roles of the Cellular REDOX Regulatory Systems.

The cellular REDOX regulatory systems play a central role in maintaining REDOX homeostasis that is crucial for cell integrity, survival, and proliferation. To date, a substantial amount of data has demonstrated that cancer cells typically undergo increasing oxidative stress as the tumor develops, upregulating these important antioxidant systems in order to survive, proliferate, and metastasize under these extreme oxidative stress conditions. Since a large number of chemotherapeutic agents currently used in the clinic rely on the induction of ROS overload or change of ROS quality to kill the tumor, the cancer cell REDOX adaptation represents a significant obstacle to conventional chemotherapy. In this review we will first examine the different factors that contribute to the enhanced oxidative stress generally observed within the tumor microenvironment. We will then make a comprehensive assessment of the current literature regarding the main antioxidant proteins and systems that have been shown to be positively associated with tumor progression and chemoresistance. Finally we will make an analysis of commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs that induce ROS. The current knowledge of cancer cell REDOX adaptation raises the issue of developing novel and more effective therapies for these tumors that are usually resistant to conventional ROS inducing chemotherapy.

Influence of extreme ambient temperatures and anaerobic conditions on Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd. viability

Lichen are symbiotic systems constituted by heterotrophic fungi (mycobionts) and photosynthetic microorganism (photobionts). These organisms can survive under extreme stress conditions. The aim of this work was to study the influence of low (−70°C) or high (+70°C) temperatures, temperature fluctuations from +70°C to −70°C, and anaerobic conditions on P. aphthosa (L.) Willd. viability. None of the studied stress factors affected significantly photosynthetic and respiratory activity of the thalli. No changes in morphology or ultrastructure of the cells were revealed for both photobiont and mycobiont components after extreme temperature treatment of P. aphthosa thalli. The data show the extreme tolerance of P. aphthosa to some stress factors inherent to the space flight conditions.

Assessment of daytime physiologic comfort, its perception and coping strategies among people in tertiary institutions in Nigeria

Abstract Adequate understanding of the extreme thermal condition is as important as that of the averages for planners and policy makers. A significant knowledge gap exists in the physiologic comfort in many developing countries, particularly in the tropical region where thermal stress can pose significant threat to life because of inadequate infrastructure. This study examines the hourly variations in the physiologic comfort of Nigeria using the effective temperature, temperature–humidity and relative strain indices (ETI, THI and RSI, respectively). It also examines the perceptions of a selected sample of Nigerians, and their coping strategies to extreme conditions of cold and heat stress. The results showed that physiologic comfort in Nigeria exhibits variations across the different latitudinal locations; shows seasonal variations and is affected by local geography. Perception of the comfortable climate exhibits variation based on the latitudinal location of the respondents but the coping strategies vary with the wealth of individuals. The study showed that physiologic discomfort is severe in many parts of Nigeria (especially in the climate regions outside the montane climate) but the infrastructure to cope with the thermal stress is either poorly known or unaffordable for the majority of the people.

Characterization of recombinant human growth hormone variants from sodium hyaluronate-based sustained release formulation of rhGH under heat stress

This study provides the findings of investigations of potential product-related variants on recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in a once-weekly sustained release formulation (SR–rhGH) of sodium hyaluronate microparticles and on the rhGH bulk solution used as the active ingredient for SR–rhGH under extreme stress conditions of 24h at 60°C. The extent of rhGH degradation was much higher in solution (33%) than in SR–rhGH (10%). The degradation products, especiallyMet14 sulfoxide and deamidated rhGH variants, were separated and quantified by a modified reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP–HPLC) method at reduced flow rate. The primary degradation product of rhGH was found to be deamidated rhGH, although an unknown peak was also detected. In contrast, the primary degradation product of SR–rhGH was Met14 sulfoxide rhGH, with no unknown peaks. Using a cell proliferation assay, the biological activities of the isolated products of SR–rhGH degradation were found to be equivalent to those of native hGH, as determined by comparison with a National Institute for Biological Standards and Control standard. In conclusion, SR–rhGH is structurally and functionally stable and maintains the intactness of rhGH.

Quantitative proteomic analysis of cabernet sauvignon grape cells exposed to thermal stresses reveals alterations in sugar and phenylpropanoid metabolism.

Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are a valuable fruit crop and wine production is a major industry. Global warming and expanded range of cultivation will expose grapes to more temperature stresses in future. Our study investigated protein level responses to abiotic stresses, with particular reference to proteomic changes induced by the impact of four different temperature stress regimes, including both hot and cold temperatures, on cultured grape cells. Cabernet Sauvignon cell suspension cultures grown at 26°C were subjected to 14 h of exposure to 34 and 42°C for heat stress, and 18 and 10°C for cold stress. Cells from the five temperatures were harvested in biological triplicates and label-free quantitative shotgun proteomic analysis was performed. A total of 2042 non-redundant proteins were identified from the five temperature points. Fifty-five proteins were only detected in extreme heat stress conditions (42°C) and 53 proteins were only detected at extreme cold stress conditions (10°C). Gene Ontology (GO) annotations of differentially expressed proteins provided insights into the metabolic pathways that are involved in temperature stress in grape cells. Sugar metabolism displayed switching between alternative and classical pathways during temperature stresses. Additionally, nine proteins involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway were greatly increased in abundance at extreme cold stress, and were thus found to be cold-responsive proteins. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000977 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000977).

The Role of Immune Cells in the Brain during Physiological and Pathological Conditions

Microglia are the primary resident immune cells in the brain, and because peripheral immune cells cannot access the brain, microglia are responsible for mounting a central response to foreign pathogens. However, these cells also play critical physiological roles in the normal brain, including synaptic pruning during development and synaptic plasticity and remodeling in the adult brain. These effects are mediated by cross-talk between microglia and neurons, including synthesis and release of cytokines that communicate signals to promote homeostatic control of neuronal and microglial function. In addition, environmental and psychological stressors cause activation of microglia as part of an adaptive response, but long-term or extreme stress conditions can lead to inflammation and disruption of neuronal function that contributes to “sickness” and depressive behaviors. Characterization of the signaling pathways that control normal and pathological microglial signaling and elevation of proinflammatory cytokines could lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of stress-related psychiatric illnesses. [ Psychiatr Ann . 2015;45(5):232–239.]

Odyssey of human dental pulp stem cells and their remarkable ability to survive in extremely adverse conditions.

Adult tissues contain stem cells, which proliferate to compensate for tissue loss throughout the life of the organism (Li and Clevers, 2010; Jimenez-Rojo et al., 2012). Therefore, adult stem cells are important for tissue repair and regeneration after injury. In seriously injured or carious teeth, stem cells residing in the dental pulp are responsible for the repair and regeneration of the damaged dental tissues (Caton et al., 2011; Mitsiadis et al., 2011). Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be isolated after labeling of the pulp cells with fluorescent mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers such as STRO-1, CD146, and CD44, followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) (Mitsiadis et al., 2012). Additional identification procedures include morphological criteria, adherence properties, proliferation, and differentiation potential, as well as tissue repair abilities of the sorted stem cell populations. The potential of DPSCs for the regeneration of bone tissue in patients has been demonstrated with a successful trial assay that has been realized in Napoli (Italy) several years ago (Caton et al., 2011; Mitsiadis et al., 2012). We have established a close scientific collaboration with the Napoli stem cell team headed by Prof. Gianpaolo Papaccio for the exchange of knowledge and materials. Several months ago, we have requested for a bunch of freshly isolated DPSCs in order to complete a number of experiments that we are currently realizing in our laboratories in Zurich (Switzerland). DPSCs were shipped with an express delivery company on the 26/11/2014 from Napoli with destination to Zurich. The shipped DPSCs were grown as a monolayer in a 25 cm2 culture flask containing the standard MSC culture medium. The flask that was sealed with Parafilm and left in ambient temperature should normally arrive to the destination the next day, but for unknown reasons the journey of DPSCs was longer and more exciting than expected. The DPSCs have followed an astonishing itinerary from Italy, to France (Paris), Great Britain, South Africa (Johannesburg), back to France, thereafter to Spain, France again. From France the cells finally arrived to Zurich Switzerland through Basel on the 4/12/2014. This itinerary can be considered as an Odyssey of DPSCs, which had to develop sophisticated mechanisms for their survival under these extremely adverse conditions. Sometimes discoveries are arising by chance, following a mistake or having an unexpected behavior. It was expected that the flask, upon its late arrival, would contain only dead cells. However, surprisingly, DPSCs (or a big part of them) were still alive after their journey (Figure ​(Figure1A).1A). DPSCs were extremely proliferative and became confluent within 3 days, after changing the medium (Figures 1B,C). How this could be explained? Recent findings indicate that quiescent (reserve) and proliferating (active) stem cell pools may coexist in separate but adjacent compartments of many tissues (Li and Clevers, 2010). It has been proposed that stem cells can adopt a reversible quiescence state characterized by reduced metabolic activity in conditions such as lack of oxygen and/or nutrients (Cheung and Rando, 2013). However, the mechanisms that allow quiescent stem cells to survive metabolic or environmental stress, to preserve their cellular and genomic integrity and to assure long-term survival are not yet elucidated. It has been suggested that quiescence is an actively maintained state regulated by intrinsic mechanisms to sustain metabolic function during persistent environmental stress, and thus ensuring stem cell survival (Cheung and Rando, 2013). Viable stem cells were found in post-mortem tissues (Latil et al., 2012). These cells were able to maintain their functional properties after prolonged storage in anoxia in vitro and after transplantation (Latil et al., 2012). Similarly, it has been shown that several stem cell populations reside in poorly oxygenated niches (Simsek et al., 2010). Quiescent stem cells have the ability to sense environmental changes and respond by re-entering the cell cycle for proliferation (Cheung and Rando, 2013). Severe hypoxia could be critical for maintaining the viability of DPSCs. It is possible that mechanisms compatible with the low metabolic state of quiescence have allowed rapid responses for DMSCs re-activation. Figure 1 Visualization of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs): (A) upon arrival to Zurich (first passage), (B) after 6 h of culture (second passage), and (C) after 3 days of culture (second passage). Scale bars indicate the magnifications. This Odyssey revealed that DPSCs are able to survive for prolonged periods of time in conditions of extreme stress.

Western Europe, State Formation, and Genetic Pacification

Through its monopoly on violence, the State tends to pacify social relations. Such pacification proceeded slowly in Western Europe between the 5th and 11th centuries, being hindered by the rudimentary nature of law enforcement, the belief in a man's right to settle personal disputes as he saw fit, and the Church's opposition to the death penalty. These hindrances began to dissolve in the 11th century with a consensus by Church and State that the wicked should be punished so that the good may live in peace. Courts imposed the death penalty more and more often and, by the late Middle Ages, were condemning to death between 0.5 and 1.0% of all men of each generation, with perhaps just as many offenders dying at the scene of the crime or in prison while awaiting trial. Meanwhile, the homicide rate plummeted from the 14th century to the 20th. The pool of violent men dried up until most murders occurred under conditions of jealousy, intoxication, or extreme stress. The decline in personal violence is usually attributed to harsher punishment and the longer-term effects of cultural conditioning. It may also be, however, that this new cultural environment selected against propensities for violence.

Floral Homeostasis Breakdown in Endangered Plant <i>Valeriana jatamansi</i> Jones (Valerianaceae) in North Eastern Himalayan Region

An inhabitant of north western Himalayan region and a gynodioceious plant having a lot of medicinal properties, Valeriana jatamansi Jones (Valerianaceae) is an enlisted endangered plant in the world. It was introduced in the research station of North Bengal Agricultural University (27.06&degN 88.47&degE) situated in north eastern Himalayan region of Darjeeling district in the state of West Bengal from Sikkim Sangtok (27&deg25'N 88&deg31'E) of north Sikkim area in India for the purpose of conservation. As we noticed some irregular development of floral organs, we investigated some pertinent questions regarding ecological aberrations found in plants. We found plants introduced in north eastern Himalayan region changed their homology of number flower petals and position of stamens seen naturally in north western Himalayan region as per the reports. Was there any genetic or extreme environmental stress condition caused a sudden change in floral structure as it is generally known as a rare phenomenon and frequently not seen? What were the correlations of different floral parts and fitness of population in different morphotypes? We predicted possible outcomes of seed setting by univariate regression models in a particular environment in addition to this investigation. We proposed three models of heterozygousity for answering the reasons of unstable floral form from a general known floral form, where silent mutations help the plants to survive in adverse conditions in spite of deformed or variable formed of floral morphology.