Extreme Harm Research Articles

The Danger of Runaway AI

Abstract: We must reduce harms from current AI systems while also looking ahead to harms that may occur soon. Experts worry that runaway AI could cause extreme harm in the next five to twenty years. The risk is that we develop superhuman AI systems that surpass humans in domains like persuasion, strategy, hacking, and research and development; that we design these systems to pursue goals autonomously; that we accidentally give them unintended goals; and that humans lose control of these superhuman systems. Without regulation, the actions of a small number of elite AI developers could pose massive risks to the rest of society. The risk is not specific to any particular deployment context, but is inherent to the technology itself. So, in addition to regulating specific AI products, we should also regulate the development of frontier AI systems. We should develop safety standards and empower a regulatory authority to enforce them. These regulations would apply only to a small number of frontier AI developers. The risk from runaway AI could emerge very suddenly, especially if advanced AI itself has accelerated the pace of AI progress. If we wait to see the problem before responding, the regulations may come into force too late. So we should regulate proactively, requiring a government license for frontier AI developers.

Distorted Representations of Rwandan Tutsis in American Popular Culture: Ignorance, Racism, and the Hollywood Gaze

This essay examines early musical, dance, and film representations of Rwandan Tutsis in American popular culture. It illustrates how these representations distort Rwandan and Tutsi heritage, history, and culture and reflect a range of prejudiced, discriminatory, and racist attitudes toward Africans in general and Tutsis in particular in the United States and the West more generally. It illustrates how Tutsis have been directly harmed by these pejorative attitudes and beliefs. The ultimate, most extreme harm resulting from these prejudicial attitudes and willful ignorance was American and Western misrepresentation of the genocide against the Tutsi, indifference to the fate of the Tutsi before, during, and after the genocide, and complicity in the genocide and in the case of France, participation in it. The essay examines how Tutsis and Rwandans continue to be misrepresented in American popular culture today in movies such as ‘Hotel Rwanda,’ which distorts the history of the genocide and how the Tutsis experienced it.

PGPR Kosakonia Radicincitans KR-17 Increases the Salt Tolerance of Radish by Regulating Ion-Homeostasis, Photosynthetic Molecules, Redox Potential, and Stressor Metabolites.

Among abiotic stresses, salinity is a significant limiting factor affecting agricultural productivity, survival, and production, resulting in significant economic losses. Considering the salinity problem, the goal of this study was to identify a halotolerant beneficial soil bacterium to circumvent salinity-induced phytotoxicity. Here, strain KR-17 (having an irregular margin; a mucoid colony; Gm-ve short rod; optimum temperature, 30°C; pH 7.0; no any pigmentation; showed a positive response to citrate utilization, catalase, starch, sucrose, lactose, and dextrose, etc.) recovered from rhizosphere soils of the potato-cultivating field, tolerated surprisingly a high (18% NaCl; 3.-M concentration) level of salt and identified as Kosakonia radicincitans (Accession No. OM348535). This strain was discovered to be metabolically active, synthesized essential PGP bioactive molecules like indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophore (iron-chelating compounds), ACC deaminase, and ammonia, the quantity of which, however, increased with increasing NaCl concentrations. Here, Raphanus sativus L. (radish) was taken as a model crop to evaluate the adverse impact of NaCl, as well as salinity alleviation by halotolerant K. radicincitans. Salinity-induced toxicity to R. sativus was increased in a dose-dependent way, as observed both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Maximum NaCl levels (15%) demonstrated more extreme harm and considerably reduced the plant's biological features. However, membrane damage, relative leaf water content (RLWC), stressor metabolites, and antioxidant enzymes were increased as NaCl concentration increased. In contrast, halotolerant K. radicincitans KR-17 relieved salinity stress and enhanced the overall performance of R. sativus (L.) by increasing germination efficiency, dry biomass, and leaf pigments even in salt-challenged conditions. Additionally, KR-17 inoculation significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved plant mineral nutrients (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, P, and N). Following inoculation, strain KR-17 enhanced the protein, carbohydrates, root pigments, amino acids (AsA and Lys), lipids, and root alkaloids in R. sativus (L.). Besides these, due to PGPR seed priming in NaCl-stressed/non-stressed conditions, membrane damage, RLWC, stressor metabolites, and antioxidant defense enzymes were dramatically reduced. The strong biofilm-forming capacity of K. radicincitans could result in both in vitro and in vivo colonization under NaCl stress. Conclusively, halotolerant K. radicincitans KR-17 may probably be investigated affordably as the greatest way to increase the production of radish under salinity-stressed soils.

Pharmaceutical potential of active compounds from plants

Alzheimer's illness (AD) is an issue that causes cell degeneration in the cerebrum and is the primary driver of dementia, which is described by a lessening in thought and freedom in private everyday exercises. Promotion is viewed as a multifactorial sickness: two primary speculations were proposed as a reason for theories of commercials, cholinergic and amyloids. Moreover, a few gamble factors, like expanding age, hereditary variables, head wounds, vascular illnesses, contaminations, and natural elements, assume a part in the infection. At present, there are just two sorts of meds endorsed to treat AD, including cholinesterase compound inhibitors and N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) bad guys, who are powerful just in the treatment of AD side effects, yet don't fix or keep you from disease. Today, research is zeroing in on the comprehension of AD pathology focused on a few systems, like strange tau protein digestion, β-amyloid, fiery reaction, and cholinergic and free extreme harm, with the target of creating effective medicines to stop or alter the course of the declaration. This survey presently examines accessible drugs and future hypotheses for the advancement of new treatments for AD and normal mixtures.

Horror, fear, and moral disgust are differentially elicited by different types of harm.

Witnessing or experiencing extreme and incomprehensible harm elicits an intense emotional response that is often called "horror." Although traditional emotion taxonomies have categorized horror as a subtype of fear and/or disgust, recent empirical work has indicated that horror is a distinct emotion category (Cowen & Keltner, 2017). However, exactly how horror is different from fear and disgust has remained unclear. The current studies represent the first empirical attempt to clarify how horror is distinct from fear and moral disgust. Results indicated that these emotions are elicited by different aspects of harm: horror is a response to the severity or abnormality of harm, fear to the self-relevance of harm, and moral disgust to the harm's causal agent. In a survey of personal experiences of emotions (Study 1), participants reported having felt horror in response to the actual occurrence of extreme or abnormal harm, but felt fear and moral disgust in response to events involving no harm or only mild harm. Participants also reported greater cognitive disruption (e.g., disbelief, schema-incongruence) during horror than during fear or moral disgust. Experiments testing the effects of different aspects of harm on emotion ratings indicated that horror was differentially increased by harm that was abnormal (vs. common) and had already occurred (vs. potential threat), whereas fear was differentially increased by harm that had high (vs. low) self-relevance (Study 2). Further, extreme (vs. mild) harm differentially increased horror, but the presence (vs. absence) of a blameworthy agent differentially increased moral disgust (Study 3). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Research Hotspots and Evolution Trends of Carbon Neutrality—Visual Analysis of Bibliometrics Based on CiteSpace

Climate change is one of the most urgent challenges facing the world. All countries should take joint actions to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, which include controlling global warming to within a 1.5 °C temperature rise, to mitigate the extreme harm caused by climate change. However, ways in which to achieve economically and environmentally sustainable carbon neutrality are yet to be established. Carbon neutrality appears frequently in international policy and the scientific literature, but there is little detailed literature. It is necessary to conduct an in-depth analysis of the development context of its research. This paper analyzed the literature on carbon neutrality using bibliometric methods. A total of 1383 research papers were collected from the “Web of Science core database” from 1995 to 2021. Descriptive statistical analysis and keyword co-occurrence and literature co-citation network analyses were utilized to sort the research hotspots, and the detected bursts, the top 30 keywords in terms of word frequency, and 12 clusters were selected. It was found that the existing carbon neutrality research literature mainly focuses on carbon neutrality energy transformation, carbon neutrality technology development, carbon neutrality effect evaluation, and carbon neutrality industry examples. The analysis process involved comprehensively reading the key articles and considering the co-citation, burstiness, centrality, and other indicators under clustering; the carbon neutrality research was then divided into three stages, and evolving themes were observed. Based on the burst detection, this paper holds that with the energy structure transformation, energy consumption assessment and carbon neutrality schemes of various industries, carbon dioxide capture technology, and biogas resource utilization, urban carbon neutrality policy will become a research hotspot in the future. This paper helps to provide a reference for scholars’ theoretical research and has important reference value for policymakers to formulate relevant policy measures. It is helpful for enterprises to make strategic decisions and determine the direction of technology, for R&D and investment, and it is of considerable significance to promote the research of carbon neutrality technology.

Hafnium doped tungsten oxide intercalated carbon matrix for electrochemical detection of perfluorooctanoic acid

Highly toxic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has been extensively used in fabricating household products, which can pose extreme harm to the human health and hygiene, thereby resulting in environmental contamination such as in water and soil. In this research, hafnium-doped tungsten oxide (Hf.WO3) modified carbon paste electrode was developed for the first time to investigate the trace level determination of PFOA via the electrochemical methods since these are cost-effective, simple, and selective for detecting the compounds at the trace level. The Hf.WO3 nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized using XRD, TEM, EDX, and XPS to understand their structural purity and crystallinity. The prepared nanoparticles were employed to modify the base electrode by measuring voltammetric responses at Hf.WO3/CPE that was found to be more sensitive than the nascent electrode. The effect pH of electrolyte, scan rate, temperature variation, immersion time, and concentration (linearity range of 7.0 × 10-8 M to 3.0 × 10-4 M) has been studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetric (SWV) techniques. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy, entropy, and activation energy were determined by the temperature variation study. The LOD of the developed electrode was determined to be 1.83x10-8 M. The real-time application of the electrode in the determination of PFOA was examined from the spiked soil, water, spoiled vegetable, and spoiled fruit samples (%RSD ranging from 2.88 to 5.94), while interference study demonstrates the high selectivity of the electrode towards PFOA.

The Recurrence of Natural Disasters in Jowhar, Middle Shabelle Region, Somalia: The Causes and Impacts

Natural disasters usually involve a phenomenon with consequences that exceed the response capabilities of local communities and have a significant impact on the region’s socioeconomic development. Droughts, floods, and hurricanes are all natural disasters that jeopardize the environment and the lives of Somalis. Severe floods have devastated the south and central parts of the country multiple times, destroying infrastructure and homes and killing many vulnerable people. Droughts in the south and central parts of the country, particularly in the Middle Shebelle region, have killed a number of children and mothers. It also had a negative influence on crops and cattle. Objective of this study is to know the recurrence of Natural Disasters in Jowhar, Middle Shabelle region, Somalia: The Causes and Impacts. The Somali people are completely aware of natural disasters such as droughts and floods, and they are self-sufficient in dealing with the consequences of these disasters. Furthermore, the Somali government has not fully created environmental laws to protect and conserve the environment, and the majority of laws, rules, acts, and regulations are not used or administered effectively. We also found that the Somali government is not yet financially prepared to deal with these crises, and that there are no strategic plans in the central government or even state administrations to prevent or at least control these disasters from causing extreme harm to the community and the environment.

WITHDRAWN: Analysis of structure on slopes infill shear wall at different locations

Abstract A comparative study on seismic resistance of a structure on slopes with infill shear wall carried out on residential working by considering the gravity lords and lateral loads as Earthquake loads and Wind loads incorporating the shear walls to reduce the lateral power impact on structural individuals. The structure situated in sloping territories are especially progressively inclined to seismic condition in contrast with the structures that are arranged in level ground. Because of the inclining ground the section stature varies as short and long segments. Henceforth the huge measure of parallel power is pulled in by short segment because of its higher solidness. It prompts extreme harm to structure and causes loss of human life and property. Subsequently to expand the seismic presentation of expanding on inclining ground the shear dividers assume exceptionally essential job. Subsequently in this investigation the endeavor is made to break down the skyscraper structures on normal and inclining ground having and not having shear dividers. A G + 15 skyscraper having with various ground slopes varying from as 0°, 10°, 20° and 30° having shear walls and including shear walls at center four sides, at corner and giving total outside dividers shear divider have been considered for the examination. The structure proposed is designed by Limit State Method according to IS: 456-2000, the wind load analysis according to IS: 875-(part-3) 2015 and seismic loads according to IS: 1893(part-1) 2016. Shear divider examination as indicated by IS: 13920-2016.

Drugs of Abuse

The term “drugs of abuse” lacks a formal medical definition. Historically, discussions of drugs of abuse focused on “street drugs”; however, the adverse effects of the nonmedical use of prescription medications, such as opiates, benzodiazepines, and therapeutic amphetamines, are increasingly seen. The purpose of this review is to aid the clinician in identifying and treating a broad representation of drugs of abuse, which may include those illicitly produced in laboratories (e.g., methamphetamine), diverted pharmaceuticals (oxycodone), and herbal products (marijuana). This review covers stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, and sedative-hypnotics. Figures show substances ranked according to weighted harm score on a normalized scale from 0 being no harm to 100 being extreme harm to self and others, a treatment algorithm for sympathomimetic toxicity, a treatment algorithm for sedative-hypnotic overdose, and a treatment algorithm for opioid overdose. Tables list commonly abused sympathomimetic agents, modern novel drugs of abuse, commonly abused sedative-hypnotic agents, commonly abused opiates, and pitfalls of the drug screen. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 90 references. Key Words: street drugs, prescription medications, opiates, benzodiazepines, amphetamines, stimulants, hallucinogens, oxycodone, marijuana, overdose

Calculation of the Vertical Strata Load of Utility Tunnel Crossing Ground Fissure Zone

A ground fissure is a geological disaster in which the vertical dislocation of strata causes surface rupture. Ground fissures can cause extreme harm to the surface and underground buildings. Ground fissure activity can result in different settlement on the two sides of the strata, which will generate additional stress (pressure) that differs from the stress of the general stratum on underground structures across the ground fissure zone. It is essential to assess the effective stress of strata in the design of underground engineering structures across a ground fissure zone. The Xi’an ground fissure through a utility tunnel was focus of the research, and a physical model and data for oblique crossing of the 45° ground fissure were analyzed. A model of the utility tunnel structure was established, including the surrounding soil load as an active ground fissure environment. This model was used to calculate the vertical formation pressure of the overlying soil on the utility tunnel. A method to calculate the overlying load on the utility tunnel caused by ground fissure activity was proposed and compared with the calculation based on the A. Marston principle. The results showed that the ground fissure load calculation method based on the strata-holding effect can effectively calculate the earth pressure of the surrounding soil layer of the utility tunnel in the cross-ground fissure section. The results of this work provide guidance and reference value for the design of a utility tunnel in an area with the potential for a ground fissure.

Indigenous Control of Child Welfare: What Did the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry and Truth and Reconciliation Commission Say?

My Affidavit has been tendered as expert evidence in two separate matters that are currently before the Court. Both matters address First Nations children in the Child Welfare system being placed with non-Indigenous families and involve the competing principles of Attachment Theory versus the importance of having First Nations children raised in their own cultures by their own communities. Both matters highlight the continuing pattern of Child Welfare authorities placing First Nations children outside of their traditional families and communities, and the resulting reliance of foster families on Attachment Theory to justify their applications to make these placements permanent. I have been advanced as an expert in these matters as a result of my long years of work and experience with the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Manitoba Aboriginal Justice Inquiry in helping bring to light the over 100 years of extreme harm caused to First Nations families, communities, and societies - across numerous generations - as a result of the historical treatment of First Nations peoples at the hands of the Child Welfare system. I have been advised that it is the hope of the First Nations involved in these matters that my knowledge and evidence will help to bring into focus the changing societal and governmental awareness of the paramount importance of preserving Aboriginal cultures through the protection of the traditional Indigenous family units and the need to ensure Indigenous children are not severed from their cultures. The affidavit highlights key findings of the Manitoba Aboriginal Justice Inquiry (1991) and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (2015).

Sex Tourism in the Philippines: A Basis for Planning and Policy Making and Amendments

This study aimed to know the awareness and perceptions of people toward sex tourism in Makati City, Philippines where tourism and business collides that resulted to presence of prostitution. The researcher assessed the understanding of people on the concept of sex tourism, their awareness on the presence of the said practice in Makati City and on policies concerned with it, people’s belief towards the reasons for purchasing and selling sexual activities, and their opinion towards harm caused by sexual activities to buyers and sellers. This study showed that people understand what sex tourism is, and they are very much aware of its existence in Makati City, however, they don’t know how to put end to it with beliefs that business operators has strong connections with the government. Despite of open-mindedness, people are still aware about the illegality of this practice in the Philippines, but they don’t know details of laws concerned with it. Although there are other reasons for selling and purchasing sexual activities, people see poverty as the number one motivation why people choose to work as prostitutes, while Tourists’ demand is the reason why there is a presence of prostitution in the city, and regardless of being profitable, people still believed sex tourism should be stopped due to extreme harm it causes to buyers and sellers. The researcher concludes that this study is a good foundation for solutions to solve the problem. This will help concerned organizations and people to think of ways on how to stop sex tourism in the Philippines, starting with prostitution in Makati City. Solutions based on ideas of the authority should be shared to local residents including law enforcers and tourists through Professional Training Programs so that people as one nation could achieve the goal, whether that goal is to put end or to legalize Sex Tourism in the Philippines.

Using Attribution Theory To Explain The Affective Dispositions Of Tireless Moral Monitors Toward Narrative Characters

Recent literature suggests that affective disposition theory (ADT) has difficulty explaining the appeal of protagonists that sometimes do bad things. We addressed this issue by integrating logic from attribution theory with ADT. Three studies examined whether causal factors identified in attribution theory’s covariation model (consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency) affected internal/external attributions (for a character’s harmful behavior) to shape liking for characters seen inflicting extreme harm. In Study 1, a 2 × 2 × 2 experiment varied (high vs low) the perceptions of consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency associated with a protagonist’s harmful acts to examine their effect on liking for a well-known hero. In a 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 experiment using an unknown character, Studies 2 and 3 added to Study 1’s design by varying character type (imperfect hero, morally equivocal character, villain). Findings indicate narrative cues serve as antecedent factors that prompt either internal or external attributions for a protagonist’s harmful behavior. Internal attributions negatively predict character liking, whereas external attributions are positive predictors. Findings suggest that writers, when they want viewers to like characters, may use attribution theory principles to signal that external factors caused the character’s harmful acts. We discuss this belief as an alternative to models that explain the appeal of protagonists who behave immorally, reasoning that initially-activated character schema can bias audiences in favor of a protagonist and minimize the importance of moral judgment.

Forgiving the Unforgivable

Utilizing a symbolic interactionist framework, this article analyzes data from 30 semistructured interviews of individuals who have lost loved ones to homicide and 32 months of concurrent participant observation of relevant social networks and local events, including self-help group meetings, in order to explore the factors that foster or impede forgiveness after homicide as well as the association between forgiveness-related feeling rules and lived experience of forgiveness. Key findings include the discovery of a forgiveness-fostering factor that had been previously overlooked (evidence of pro-social change) and evidence that the internal emotional transformation of forgiveness remains possible through understanding and empathy, despite several factors that may make forgiveness of extreme harm more challenging and/or less likely than forgiveness of more minor harm. Findings demonstrate that discrepancies between one’s forgiveness-related feeling rules and actual lived experiences of forgiveness are overcome through a redefinition of the situation, including with regard to remorse, severity, and intentionality.

Drugs of Abuse

The term “drugs of abuse” lacks a formal medical definition. Historically, discussions of drugs of abuse focused on “street drugs”; however, the adverse effects of the nonmedical use of prescription medications, such as opiates, benzodiazepines, and therapeutic amphetamines, are increasingly seen. The purpose of this review is to aid the clinician in identifying and treating a broad representation of drugs of abuse, which may include those illicitly produced in laboratories (e.g., methamphetamine), diverted pharmaceuticals (oxycodone), and herbal products (marijuana). This review covers stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, and sedative-hypnotics. Figures show substances ranked according to weighted harm score on a normalized scale from 0 being no harm to 100 being extreme harm to self and others, a treatment algorithm for sympathomimetic toxicity, a treatment algorithm for sedative-hypnotic overdose, and a treatment algorithm for opioid overdose. Tables list commonly abused sympathomimetic agents, modern novel drugs of abuse, commonly abused sedative-hypnotic agents, commonly abused opiates, and pitfalls of the drug screen. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 89 references

Drugs of Abuse

The term “drugs of abuse” lacks a formal medical definition. Historically, discussions of drugs of abuse focused on “street drugs”; however, the adverse effects of the nonmedical use of prescription medications, such as opiates, benzodiazepines, and therapeutic amphetamines, are increasingly seen. The purpose of this review is to aid the clinician in identifying and treating a broad representation of drugs of abuse, which may include those illicitly produced in laboratories (e.g., methamphetamine), diverted pharmaceuticals (oxycodone), and herbal products (marijuana). This review covers stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, and sedative-hypnotics. Figures show substances ranked according to weighted harm score on a normalized scale from 0 being no harm to 100 being extreme harm to self and others, a treatment algorithm for sympathomimetic toxicity, a treatment algorithm for sedative-hypnotic overdose, and a treatment algorithm for opioid overdose. Tables list commonly abused sympathomimetic agents, modern novel drugs of abuse, commonly abused sedative-hypnotic agents, commonly abused opiates, and pitfalls of the drug screen. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 89 references

Drugs of Abuse

The term “drugs of abuse” lacks a formal medical definition. Historically, discussions of drugs of abuse focused on “street drugs”; however, the adverse effects of the nonmedical use of prescription medications, such as opiates, benzodiazepines, and therapeutic amphetamines, are increasingly seen. The purpose of this review is to aid the clinician in identifying and treating a broad representation of drugs of abuse, which may include those illicitly produced in laboratories (e.g., methamphetamine), diverted pharmaceuticals (oxycodone), and herbal products (marijuana). This review covers stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, and sedative-hypnotics. Figures show substances ranked according to weighted harm score on a normalized scale from 0 being no harm to 100 being extreme harm to self and others, a treatment algorithm for sympathomimetic toxicity, a treatment algorithm for sedative-hypnotic overdose, and a treatment algorithm for opioid overdose. Tables list commonly abused sympathomimetic agents, modern novel drugs of abuse, commonly abused sedative-hypnotic agents, commonly abused opiates, and pitfalls of the drug screen. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 89 references

Drugs of Abuse

The term “drugs of abuse” lacks a formal medical definition. Historically, discussions of drugs of abuse focused on “street drugs”; however, the adverse effects of the nonmedical use of prescription medications, such as opiates, benzodiazepines, and therapeutic amphetamines, are increasingly seen. The purpose of this review is to aid the clinician in identifying and treating a broad representation of drugs of abuse, which may include those illicitly produced in laboratories (e.g., methamphetamine), diverted pharmaceuticals (oxycodone), and herbal products (marijuana). This review covers stimulants, hallucinogens, cannabinoids, and sedative-hypnotics. Figures show substances ranked according to weighted harm score on a normalized scale from 0 being no harm to 100 being extreme harm to self and others, a treatment algorithm for sympathomimetic toxicity, a treatment algorithm for sedative-hypnotic overdose, and a treatment algorithm for opioid overdose. Tables list commonly abused sympathomimetic agents, modern novel drugs of abuse, commonly abused sedative-hypnotic agents, commonly abused opiates, and pitfalls of the drug screen. This review contains 4 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 89 references

Aboriginal Social Policy: A Critical Community Mental Health Issue

Community psychologists offer relevant tools for pursuing critical reflection on the nature of social policy, with special consideration of power inequities that often arise from the misrepresentation of affected stakeholders. This article examines the critical role researchers and community health practitioners can play in guarding against the misrepresentation of community voices in neoliberal policy environments. We identify the extreme harm caused by socially exclusive policy-making in an examination of the institutional oppression of Aboriginal peoples across Canada. We caution against the dangers of perpetuating neoliberal agendas and token participation via the misuse of community engagement. We emphasize the important role of community psychologists in challenging the status quo, for engaging stakeholders in authentic participation, and in policy development. We conclude with recommendations to broaden and improve the policy skills of community psychologists and other mental health professionals to more effectively advance social policy and actualize the potential for transformative social change in Aboriginal communities.