Extraversion Scores Research Articles

Association Between Extraversion Personality With the Blood Pressure Level in Adolescents.

PurposeThe association between extraversion personality and high blood pressure (BP) has not been well-studied. This study aims to explore the association between extraversion personality and the BP level in a large sample of adolescents.MethodsAs an ongoing study, 5,246 children aged 6–9 years were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling method in 2014. The extraversion personality trait, assessed by the Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ, answered by adolescents) in 2019, was used in the main analysis. A total of 3,407 participants were eligible and included in this analysis.ResultsThe EPQ extraversion score was negatively associated with a systolic BP, a diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a univariate analysis. After adjusting for other covariates, high extraversion score was negatively associated with systolic BP (β = −0.026; 95% CI = −0.047, −0.004; p = 0.002). There was an interaction between regions and the extraversion score on systolic BP (Pinteraction = 0.037). The stratified analysis showed that, in rural areas, the extraversion score was negatively associated with systolic BP (β = −0.050; 95% CI = −0.081, −0.016; p = 0.004). However, we did find an association between the extraversion score and systolic BP in urban areas (β = 0.000; 95% CI = −0.028, 0.028; p = 0.996). Similar results were observed for the extraversion assessed by parents.ConclusionsWe observed that extraversion personality was negatively associated with high BP in adolescents, especially for those who were living in rural areas. Our results suggested that a comprehensive intervention should be implemented to promote psychological health in adolescents.

Associations among autistic traits, cognitive and affective empathy, and personality traits in adults with autism spectrum disorder and no intellectual disability

Reported empathy deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) could be attributable to other ASD-related features. We evaluated 28 ASD adults with no intellectual disability and 24 age-matched non-ASD control subjects using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO). Compared to the controls, ASD participants showed lower scores for perspective taking, online simulation, cognitive empathy, and peripheral responsivity on the QCAE, and lower scores for perspective taking and empathic concern on the IRI. Within the ASD group, the AQ scores showed significant relationships with perspective taking, online simulation and cognitive empathy on the QCAE, and perspective taking on the IRI. The ASD group also showed higher scores for neuroticism and lower scores for extraversion on the NEO compared to the controls. However, there were no relationships between AQ scores and NEO factors within the ASD group. Multiple regression analysis with stepwise linear regression demonstrated that perspective taking score on the QCAE and extraversion score on the NEO were good predictor variables to autistic traits on the AQ. These findings help us to understand empathy and personality traits in ASD adults with no intellectual disability.

Personality Impact on Alzheimer's Disease - Signature and Vascular Imaging Markers: A PET-MRI Study.

Several studies postulated that personality is an independent determinant of cognitive trajectories in old age. This study explores the impact of personality on widely used Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular imaging markers. We examined the association between personality and three classical AD imaging markers (centiloid-based-amyloid load, MRI volumetry in hippocampus, and media temporal lobe atrophy), and two vascular MRI parameters (Fazekas score and number of cortical microbleeds) assessed at baseline and upon a 54-month-follow-up. Personality was assessed with the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory-Revised. Regression models were used to identify predictors of imaging markers including sex, personality factors, presence of APOE ɛ4 allele and cognitive evolution over time. Cortical GM volumes were negatively associated with higher levels of Conscientiousness both at baseline and follow-up. In contrast, higher scores of Openness were related to better preservation of left hippocampal volumes in these two time points and negatively associated with medial temporal atrophy at baseline. Amyloid load was not affected by personality factors. Cases with higher Extraversion scores displayed higher numbers of cortical microbleeds at baseline. Personality impact on brain morphometry is detected only in some among the routinely used imaging markers. The most robust associations concern the positive role of high levels of Conscientiousness and Openness on AD-signature MRI markers. Higher extraversion levels are associated with increased vulnerability to cortical microbleeds pointing to the fact that the socially favorable traits may have a detrimental effect on brain integrity in old age.

Profiling “Success”: Demographic and Personality Predictors of Effective Peer Leaders in a Diabetes Self-management Intervention

BackgroundThe sociodemographic and personality profiles of effective peer leaders in the context of diabetes self-management interventions are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the demographic and personality characteristics of peer leaders participating in a 12-month, telephone-based type 2 diabetes self-management intervention. MethodsWe used a sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design and recruited 52 peer leaders. Thirty-seven peer leaders had at least 1 participant complete both the baseline and the 12-month assessments. Eligible peer leader candidates were English-speaking adults (≥21 years of age) with diabetes and a self-reported glycated hemoglobin (A1C) level of ≤8% who had access to a phone and transportation and were willing to attend a 30-hour training program. Peer leaders completed a self-report survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics and a Mini-International Personality Item Pool scale measuring the “Big 5” personality traits. After the intervention, 17 peer leaders participated in semistructured interviews on their program experience. We categorized peer leaders as effective if their participants sustained or improved their A1C and diabetes distress (DD) scores from baseline to 12 months, and as ineffective if their participants worsened on any of these parameters. ResultsOur cohort scored highest on agreeableness and lowest on neuroticism. Twenty peer leaders were considered effective, most of whom were male, married, employed and educated. They also had significantly lower mean DD levels (p=0.02) and a higher extroversion score (p=0.03) at baseline. ConclusionsExtroversion emerged as the best personality predictor of peer leader effectiveness. These results, in combination with interview responses, were used to produce a peer leader selection model.

Feasibility and clinical usefulness of the Unified Protocol in women survivors of violence

Violence against women is a serious public health problem. Worldwide, one in three women experiences violence throughout their lives. According to the triple vulnerability theory, being a survivor of violence could constitute a psychological vulnerability that would favor the appearance of emotional disorders, affecting their health, their style of parenting, and family well-being. The objective of this study is to verify the feasibility and usefulness of Unified Protocol (UP) in a group format for improving emotion regulation in women survivors of violence attended in the Specific Child and Adolescent Intervention Team (SCAIT), a social community service. The sample consists of 11 women who have experienced different types of violence who received the UP through 11 weekly, two-hour long and in group format sessions. Assessments were conducted at pre and post intervention and at 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up. The results of the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) show an increase in quality of life (including family relationships), self-esteem and extraversion scores, and a reduction in interference (including family life), neuroticism, somatization, anxiety, emotional lack of control, negative affect, depression, and emotional rejection scores. This evolution of the scores with the MANOVA takes into account all the evaluation time points (post, and follow-up at 3, 6 and 12 months). The results were statistically significant (p < 0.05), and had large effect sizes (η2p > 0.14). In addition, the reliable change index was calculated to assess the change at an individual level of each of the participants for the different outcomes. 90.9% of the participants rated the quality of the program received as “excellent” and we obtained a high rate of session attendance (82.64%). These results justify the need for randomized controlled clinical studies to demonstrate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of the UP in this context. This intervention would allow to address the needs of this population, by offering them comprehensive care and improving their mental health from a biopsychosocial model. Likewise, it might indirectly improve the well-being of the rest of the family members.

Does Sincere Social Interaction Stimulate Tourist Immersion? A Conservation of Resources Perspective

Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study examines how and when sincere social interaction affects tourist immersion at the destination. We develop a moderated mediation model in which emotional solidarity mediates the relationship between sincere social interaction and tourist immersion, while extraversion moderates the link between sincere social interaction and emotional solidarity. Data were collected from 391 tourists via an online survey and were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that sincere social interaction directly influences tourist immersion, and this relationship is mediated by emotional solidarity. Furthermore, extraversion significantly moderates the effects of sincere social interaction on emotional solidarity, and this effect is stronger for tourists with high extraversion scores. Additionally, extraversion strengthens the indirect link between sincere social interaction and tourist immersion, and again, the link is stronger for highly extraverted tourists.

Relationships between personality traits and perception of tactical knowledge in Brazilian female field hockey players

The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between personality traits and tactical knowledge of field hockey players. The sample consisted of 53 Brazilian female field hockey athletes. The collection instruments were the Big Five Personality Factors Inventory, the Self-Assessment Inventory of Tactical Skills in Collective Sports Games, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The data were treated according to descriptive and correlational statistics. Percentage values were calculated when the variables showed significant differences. The normality and homogeneity of the data were verified by the Shapiro-Wilk and Levene tests, respectively. The partial correlation test, controlled by the position of the players, was used to analyze associations between the variables. A one-way ANOVA was applied to compare participants’ age and practice time with their field positions. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the positions of the players. The value of p&amp;lt;.05 was adopted for statistical significance. As a result, a moderate positive correlation was obtained between practice time and age; a moderate negative correlation of Neuroticism with age and practice time; moderate positive correlations between practice time and declarative and procedural knowledge. The Openness exhibited moderate positive correlations with declarative and procedural knowledge. The midfield players had higher scores in Extraversion when compared to the defensive players. In Agreeableness, the midfield players had higher scores when compared to defense and attack. The study allowed concluding that Openness was associated with the tactical knowledge domain.

The impact of personality character on choosing the medical specialty among medical students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Background: As the emerging number of medical students globally and in Saudi Arabia is rising each year, personality characteristics and their association with the specialty of choice for medical students have not been still completely studied. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of personality characteristics of medical students on choosing their medical specialty. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted across multiple medical universities in Saudi Arabia from October 2021 to June 2022. All adult medical students studying at medical universities in Saudi Arabia were included. A self-administered google forum survey was distributed to medical students through different social media platforms (WhatsApp university groups, Twitter, and Telegram). A minimum sample size of 377 was calculated. We assessed the participants&amp;apos; personalities using The Big Five inventory, which is the most commonly used scale across different countries to examine normal adult personality traits; it consists of five personality dimensions which are: extraversion which refers to social tendency, conscientiousness refers to being oriented, openness refers to the tendency of curiosity, and neuroticism referring to the tendency to be anxious and feel negative emotions. Results: Findings indicate that among 15 included specialties, choosing orthopedic surgery was significantly associated with the highest mean scores in extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Furthermore, choosing Ear, Nose, Throat (ENT) and orthopedic surgery were significantly associated with the highest openness scores. Conclusion: This study has shown that each personality trait seems to be attracted to different medical specialties. So, identifying personality traits might be helpful for medical students to decide on the best future medical specialty that suits their personality and characteristics.

The Psychological Nursing Interventions Based on Pygmalion Effect Could Alleviate Negative Emotions of Patients with Suspected COVID-19 Patients: a Retrospective Analysis.

PurposeThis study aims to explore the psychological status of suspected COVID-19 patients during quarantine and put forward a new yet effective psychological nursing strategy for intervention.Patients and MethodsWe performed a retrospective study with suspected COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized to the two hospitals of Hunan province, China and accepted the intervention of psychological nursing from 01/2020 to 03/2020. The control group received routine psychological nursing care and the observation group received the new psychological nursing intervention according to Pygmalion effect.ResultsA total of 89 objects were included in the analysis. Results of the questionnaire before intervention showed that the majority of isolated suspected COVID-19 patients showed negative emotions, with the incidence of depression (51.69%), anxiety (14.617%), inverted provocation (22.47%), extraverted provocation (25.84%). And the extraverted provocation scores of female patients was significantly higher than that of male counterparts (P < 0.05). At discharge, compared with the control group, the scores of depression, anxiety, introversion and extraversion of patients in the observation group were significantly lower after nursing intervention based on Pygmalion effect. The satisfaction rate of psychological care based on Pygmalion effect was 86.66%.ConclusionSuspected COVID-19 patients tend to show the symptoms of depression, anxiety and irritation during quarantine. The psychological nursing based on Pygmalion effect is helpful to alleviate their negative emotions.

Evaluation of stress level and its association with personality traits among trainees at an armed forces training establishment

Introduction: Stress cannot be considered a simple “stimulus-response reaction,” but it is a complex interaction between an individual and the environment, comprising subjective perception and evaluation of stressors and then responding in a highly personalized manner. The present study was conducted to assess the personality traits of trainees and explore their association with levels of perceived stress. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted on 911 trainees. For data collection, two instruments were used – Perceived Stress Score by Cohen for assessing stress among the subjects and Revised Neuroticism–Extraversion–Openness Personality Inventory for personality assessment. Results: Overall, the total mean Perceived Stress Score was 12.60 ± 5.62 indicating less than average stress. Only 10.98% of those tested had a score of 20 or more indicating perception of very high stress. Trainees with high perception of stress had significantly higher scores of neuroticism (57.82 ± 9.02, P < 0.05) including all the subfacets. In contrast, trainees with low or average stress perception had significantly higher scores of extraversion (53.57 ± 8.03, P < 0.05) and conscientiousness (54.25 ± 10.30, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The present study is the first of its kind which tries to not only assess the stress levels among trainees but also explore and compare their personality characteristics. The study brings out that majority of the trainees had average stress and provides definitive evidence of association between high neuroticism, low extraversion, and perception of high stress, and offers a window of opportunity to explore options for remedial action such as incorporation of stress coping-up techniques in Armed Forces training curriculum.

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Background:A bidirectional relationship was seen between COVID 19 survivors and psychological issues. Global research shows 1 – 7% of patients infected with COVID had aggressive behaviour in acute as well as post illness stage. In general population, people with higher extroversion scores were associated with lesser social distancing, thereby high chances of infection. No clear data exists from India to comment on personality profile or aggressive intent among COVID survivors.Aim:The current study aimed to assess the personality profile and aggression intent among COVID-19 survivors in patients from Telangana.Methodology:This study is conducted in hospital out-patient or in-patient setting of KIMS, Narketpally,Nalgonda, Telangana in patients of COVID- 19. A total of 157 COVID-19 patients were recruited based on convenient sampling. The data from patients was collected using standardized objective semi-structured proforma which contains clinical and sociodemographic profile, Big Five Inventory, Assessment of Aggressive Intent (which includes six components).Results:Among the study population, 18.5% of them had positive scores in one or more of the six components of aggression. On personality assessment, patients with aggression had significantly lower mean scores on agreeableness (p value 0.003) and significantly higher mean scores on neuroticism (p value 0.049).Conclusion:COVID survivors, along with medical complications, have a risk of having psychological disturbances like aggression. Clinicians should be aware and screen for these psychological issues when the patient comes for follow-up. Early intervention and management of aggression can help in improving the patient's quality of life.

Characteristic Personality Traits of Multiple Sclerosis Patients-An Unicentric Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background and objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients tend to present peculiar personality traits that highly impact their quality of life. Our study aimed to determine which personality traits are more common in MS patients compared to a sex- and age-matched control group. Methods and materials: Patients with relapsing–remitting MS along with a sex- and age-matched control group were included. All subjects completed the DECAS Personality Inventory and an additional form including demographic characteristics. Data (including descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate analysis) were analyzed using SPSS. Results: 122 subjects were included, out of which 61 were in the patient group, mostly females (71.31%) with a mean age of 42.06 ± 10.46 years. Mean duration of disease was 10.18 ± 5.53 years and mean EDSS score was 2.09; 36% of patients were treated with Interferon-beta 1a. Subjects in the patient group presented significantly lower scores for extraversion (p = 0.036), specifically those with higher EDSS score, even after adjusting for possible confounders (age, sex, marital status, early retirement, alcohol, and tobacco consumption). Additionally, regarding orientation in life, MS patients were more often philosophers (p = 0.001), especially young males, whereas the dominant emotional feeling was less common, the actor profile (p = 0.022). Regarding task involvement, MS patients were often passive and compassionate concerning other people. Higher EDSS score also correlated with avoidant (p = 0.006) and melancholic (p = 0.043) personality traits. Subjects with higher education associated more often pragmatic, experimenter, popular, and optimist traits, whereas the elderly had actor, authoritarian, and experimenter profiles. Conclusions: Some MS patients may have reduced levels of extraversion and specific personality traits compared to age- and sex-matched subjects. Determining the exact personality profile might help the neurologist to establish a better therapeutic alliance and to apply specific interventions.

Sleep and psychological characteristics in habitual self-awakeners and forced awakeners

ABSTRACT Previous studies described the modifications of physiological and behavioural variables associated with self-awakening, while only few studies assessed subjective sleep quality and psychological characteristics in habitual self-awakeners. Here we investigated self-reported sleep habits and features, as well as psychological variables of habitual self-awakeners and forced-awakeners, with special regard to subjective sleep quality, personality characteristics, anxiety and depression symptoms. In our sample, the prevalence of habitual self-awakeners was 15.1%. Compared to forced-awakeners, habitual self-awakeners showed more regular sleep/wake schedules and were more frequently morning types. Moreover, habitual self-awakeners referred to be more satisfied about their sleep, to wake up more easily in the morning, to need less time to get out of bed and to feel more refreshed upon awakening than forced-awakeners. We also observed an association between the habit of self-awakening and the “ability” to set the awakening to an unusual time. Concerning psychological features, habitual self-awakeners showed higher scores in Conscientiousness and Openness and lower scores in Extraversion compared to forced-awakeners, whereas no differences between groups emerged for anxiety and depression levels. In conclusion, our findings point to an association between the habit of self-awakening and good subjective sleep quality. In this perspective, future research should objectively test in detail the effects of the self-awakening habit on sleep structure and organization, taking into account also microstructural sleep features.

Chronic vs non-chronic depression in psychiatric inpatient care - Data from a large naturalistic multicenter trial

BackgroundAround 20% - 30% of depressed individuals experience a chronic form of depression lasting two or more years. This naturalistic study investigates the characteristics and the course of chronic depressed patients (CD) during standard antidepressant treatment in comparison to not chronically depressed (NCD) patients. MethodsData of 954 patients were drawn from the prospective naturalistic, multicenter study of the German research network on depression, CD was met as classifier by 113 patients (11.8%), whereas 841 patients (88.2%) had non-chronic courses (NCD). ResultsCD was significantly associated with a low age at onset, use of benzodiazepines, psychotherapy at baseline, substance abuse, a depressive personality disorder and a low degree of extraversion. CD patients showed a longer hospital stay, lower remission rates, increased rates of suicidal ideation as well as higher depression scores at discharge. In addition, individuals with chronic depression continued to obtain higher neuroticism scores and lower extraversion scores at discharge. LimitationResults were assessed by a post-hoc analysis, based on prospectively collected data. ConclusionCD patients have an inferior outcome in clinical measures as well as personality dimensions (i.e. low extraversion) compared to non-CD patients. These findings support the notion that CD patients entering a setting of standard psychiatric inpatient care will show less benefit compared to non-CD patients, and that this difference as such may be used as a stratifying marker for providing specialized psychiatric treatment with optimized pharmacological and psychotherapeutic protocols.

Why people are single: The big five as predictors of involuntary singlehood

Not having an intimate partner constitutes a common state in contemporary societies, and the current study aimed to examine the relationship between personality, marital status and the length of singlehood. More specifically, we hypothesized that extraversion would be a significant predictor of singlehood. Consistent with this hypothesis, using a sample of 1418 Greek-speaking participants, we found that lower scores in extraversion were associated with higher probability to be involuntarily single than in an intimate relationship, and with more prolonged spells of singlehood. Furthermore, higher scores in openness were associated with higher probability to be voluntarily single than in an intimate relationship, and with more prolonged spells of singlehood.

What Does Your Musical Instrument Say About You: Analyzing Musical Instrument Preference And the Big 5 Personality Traits

Personality traits have unique abilities to shine through every action, thought, and belief that an individual engages in. These traits, in addition to other influential life experiences, shape all expressions of personality. Past publications in psychomusicology suggest that music listening preferences can be measured and predicted by personality traits. The present study expands on these discoveries by asking the question: What correlations exist between the Big Five personality traits (Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Negative Emotionality) and musical instrument listening preferences? 202 participants recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed a survey on Qualtrics measuring personality traits through the Big Five Inventory-2, as well as musical instrument and genre preferences. First, results revealed that individuals who prefer to listen to traditionally melodic instruments (such as guitar and piano) tend to have higher Agreeableness and Openness to Experience personality scores than those who prefer rhythmic instruments (such as bass and drums). Second, this study found significantly different Extraversion scores among musical instrument preferences. Third, this study found significantly different Extraversion scores among different musical genre preferences. The findings of this study indicate that musical instruments may provide more personality correlations than other musical elements, such as genres.

Technical comment on Rolón, V., Geher, G., Link, J., and Mackiel, C. (2021). Personality correlates of COVID-19 infection proclivity: Extraversion kills. Personality and Individual Differences, 180, 110994

In a recent study, Rolón and colleagues (2021) provided self-report data on a six-item extraversion scale, self-reported COVID-19 infection status, and political ideology from n = 53 previously infected and 164 previously noninfected participants. Based on comparisons of the subsamples concerning domain and facet scores in extraversion (0.04 ≤ g ≤ 0.35), correlation analyses (r = 0.15), and a regression analysis predicting the sociability facet by the infection status (β = 0.14), they conclude that “extraversion kills.” We express concern regarding the theoretical notion of this claim, the discrepancy between findings and interpretations, and methodological considerations (e.g., low power, small [sub]sample size, missing replication efforts, and limitations in the assessment of extraversion). In conclusion, we strongly recommend interpreting the findings by Rolón et al. cautiously pending replication.

Computer Programming E-Learners' Personality Traits, Self-Reported Cognitive Abilities, and Learning Motivating Factors.

Educational systems around the world encourage students to engage in programming activities, but programming learning is one of the most challenging learning tasks. Thus, it was significant to explore the factors related to programming learning. This study aimed to identify computer programming e-learners’ personality traits, self-reported cognitive abilities and learning motivating factors in comparison with other e-learners. We applied a learning motivating factors questionnaire, the Big Five Inventory—2, and the SRMCA instruments. The sample consisted of 444 e-learners, including 189 computer programming e-learners, the mean age was 25.19 years. It was found that computer programming e-learners demonstrated significantly lower scores of extraversion, and significantly lower scores of motivating factors of individual attitude and expectation, reward and recognition, and punishment. No significant differences were found in the scores of self-reported cognitive abilities between the groups. In the group of computer programming e-learners, extraversion was a significant predictor of individual attitude and expectation; conscientiousness and extraversion were significant predictors of challenging goals; extraversion and agreeableness were significant predictors of clear direction; open-mindedness was a significant predictor of a diminished motivating factor of punishment; negative emotionality was a significant predictor of social pressure and competition; comprehension-knowledge was a significant predictor of individual attitude and expectation; fluid reasoning and comprehension-knowledge were significant predictors of challenging goals; comprehension-knowledge was a significant predictor of clear direction; and visual processing was a significant predictor of social pressure and competition. The SEM analysis demonstrated that personality traits (namely, extraversion, conscientiousness, and reverted negative emotionality) statistically significantly predict learning motivating factors (namely, individual attitude and expectation, and clear direction), but the impact of self-reported cognitive abilities in the model was negligible in both groups of participants and non-participants of e-learning based computer programming courses; χ² (34) = 51.992, p = 0.025; CFI = 0.982; TLI = 0.970; NFI = 0.950; RMSEA = 0.051 [0.019–0.078]; SRMR = 0.038. However, as this study applied self-reported measures, we strongly suggest applying neurocognitive methods in future research.

Personality Traits and the Sense of Self-Efficacy among Nurse Anaesthetists. Multi-Centre Questionnaire Survey

Introduction: Anaesthesia and intensive care units are specific workplaces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of the sense of self-efficacy and the intensification of personality traits in a group of nurse anaesthetists and to develop a regression model explaining the sense of self-efficacy. Method: The population of the questionnaire survey included nurse anaesthetists from five hospitals in south-eastern Poland. The NEO-FFI was used in assessing their personality traits. The general self-efficacy scale was employed for the self-efficacy assessment. A total of 143 correctly filled surveys were analyzed. Results: The respondents typically perceived their own self-efficacy level as upper moderate. The nurse anaesthetists participating in the study revealed a tendency to high scores in conscientiousness and extraversion, and low scores related to neuroticism. The persons characterized by high conscientiousness, extraversion and openness to experience revealed a tendency to high scores related to the sense of self-efficacy. The relationship between personality traits and experiencing the nuisance of selected stressful job factors was demonstrated. Regression analysis showed that conscientiousness and extraversion are most closely related to the sense of self-efficacy. Conclusions: It seems to be beneficial to implement occupational consulting for nurses, who are starting their work or/and taking into consideration working in anesthesiology and intensive care units. The importance of personality traits and self- efficacy in relation with well-being of medical personnel needs deeper investigations.

Medical Students' Personalities: A Critical Factor for Doctor-Patient Communication.

The aim of this study was to assess the level of creativity and personality traits and their mutual influence on medical students using the DECAS and BWAS. We performed a prospective descriptive study on 119 medical students from Târgu Mureș, Romania between November 2020 and July 2021, who answered questions relating to the BWAS and DECAS scales to evaluate their creativity and personality traits. Our findings pointed out a reverse correlation between age and both the original and revised BWAS (r = −0.2037, p = 0.0263; r = −0.1931, p = 0.0354). In terms of extraversion, we found a significant positive correlation for both openness (r = 0.3032, p = 0.0008) and emotional stability (r = 0.2868, p = 0.0016) and a negative correlation between extraversion and agreeability (r = −0.2394, p = 0.0087). Regarding creativity, we found positive correlations between emotional stability and both the original and revised BWAS (r = 0.20, p = 0.0279; r = 0.20, p = 0.0245). Medical students’ creativity might be positively influenced by emotional stability and seems to decrease with age. Higher extraversion scores could be related to increased openness and emotional stability as well as decreased agreeability.