Extrapulmonary Hydatid Cysts Research Articles

Extrahepatic and extrapulmonary hydatid cysts as primary lesions

Background: Hydatid cyst disease, caused by the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus, commonly affects the liver and lungs but can also manifest in various extrahepatic and extrapulmonary locations. Splenic hydatid disease, despite being rare, is the third most common location. This paper presents a case series highlighting the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies for patients with extrahepatic and extrapulmonary hydatid cysts. Several studies already postulated on sites of hydatid cysts which have statistically significant results. Methods: Patients who were operated on for hydatid disease or cystic lesions, which were later diagnosed as hydatid disease, between September 2022-August 2023 were retrieved retrospectively. Patients with lesions localized outside the liver and the lung as well as in liver and lung were enrolled in the study. Fifty-Two patients with extra-hepatic primary hydatid disease were treated surgically at our clinic. The cysts were located in different part of body. Results has undergone statistical methods like Z-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Any patient of any gender admitted with diagnosis of hydatid cyst in any part of body with age >18 but less than 70 years irrespective of any comorbidities. Results: Surgical techniques like partial or total cystectomy with or without tube drainage are good option for management of extrahepatic and extrapulmonary primary hydatid cysts. There were no complications or mortality in the postoperative period. Hydatid cyst is considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions, especially in endemic areas. Surgical technique planned according to the location of the cyst. Conclusions: Cystectomy is a surgical option in extrahepatic and extrapulmonary hydatid cyst which is evaluate better in this study.

Do the Hydatid Cysts Have Unusual Localization and Dissemination Ways in the Chest Cavity?

We wanted to report our two cases of intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cyst in pleural cavity due to its rarity. Our first case is a 24-year-old male patient who was admitted with a cystic mass lesion consistent with hydatid cyst which was incidentally detected in inferior lobe of the right lung neighboring to thoracic wall and diaphragm. Our second case is a 32-year-old male patient who was admitted with chest pain and a cystic lesion in apex of the right hemithorax and intercostal field in basal after he had been medically treated due to hydatid cyst of the dome of the liver for two years. The cysts were removed with thoracotomy. Extrapulmonary intrathoracic hydatid cysts were evaluated with regard to invasion ways and treatment indications and methods.

Primary Intrathoracic Extra Pulmonary Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Case Report

Hydatid cyst is a common occurrence at endemic regions all over the world. Pulmonary hydatid cysts occur commonly. Atypical presentation is seen rarely where the cyst is not found in the lung parenchyma but in the pleura or mediastinum. We report a rare type of intrathoracic extra pulmonary hydatid cyst.

Isolated Extrapulmonary Thoracic Hydatid Cyst with Subcutaneous Extension - A Rare Entity

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation, the pulmonary variant, caused by Echinococcus multilocularis is less common and the extra pulmonary thoracic variant even rare .We report a case of 52 year old female who underwent complete surgical excision of isolated right sided thoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cyst with subcutaneous extension. The postoperative period was uneventful. She was discharged on the 6 th post op day and is in regular follow up and doing well. I. Case Report A 52 year multigravida, normotensive, nondiabetic, female presented with complains of cough, shortness of breath, associated with right sided chest heaviness and pain for 4 years. A non-tender gradually progressive lump of size 5x3cm was present over the the right infraclavicular region lateral to midclavicular line upto anterior axillary line. There was no history of haemoptysis or tuberculosis. The blood investigation showed eosinophilia, with ELISA-Hydatid serology positive. X-ray chest showed a large single rounded opacity over the right upper and middle lung field(figure 1). CT Scan showed a large lobulated mass of size 11.6 x 7.7 cm arising in the right upper chest with extension into the anterolateral chestwall overlying 2 nd

Spontaneous primary intrathoracic, extrapulmonary hydatid cyst in a broiler rabbit

Abstract Echinococcus granulosus, a zoonotic tapeworm with a dog-herbivore life cycle, is known to use ruminants, horses, pigs, etc., as intermediate hosts. Natural infections of hydatid cysts have not been documented in small animals like rabbits in India. This paper records spontaneous intrathoracic, extrapulmonary hydatid cysts of E. granulosus in a cage reared rabbit. The presence of non-invasive unilocular cyst with typical protoscolices containing rostellar hooks favoured the diagnosis of E. granulosus over E. multilocularis, the only other Echinococcus species found in India. The presence of fertile hydatid cyst points to the fact that rabbits can also act as natural intermediate hosts for E. granulosus. The significance of the findings in relation to public health importance is discussed.

Surgical treatment of intrathoracic hydatid disease: A 5-year experience in an endemic region

To present our recent surgical experience in treating patients with intrathoracic hydatidosis. This study reviewed the files of patients with pulmonary/intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cysts treated surgically between 2003 and 2009. Demographic, laboratory and radiological data, clinical manifestations, site of the cyst, surgical approaches, and final outcome were noted and analyzed. Forty patients underwent 42 operations (21 females, 19 males, mean age 36 years). Thirty-six patients (90%) had pulmonary (56.7% were intact/uncomplicated), three (7.5%) had intrathoracic extrapulmonary, and one (2.5%) had both pulmonary/intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cysts. The right lung was involved in 64.9%. Larger pulmonary cysts ruptured more commonly (P = 0.007). Most patients (95%) were symptomatic, mostly dyspneic (72.5%). The mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s value was significantly reduced in cases with a large (P < 0.0001), or ruptured cyst (P = 0.05). The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in case of rupture (P = 0.05). A thoracotomy was performed for all patients. A cystotomy and capitonnage was performed more commonly than cystotomy without capitonnage for the pulmonary, and total excision was performed for the intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cysts. The mortality was 0% and the morbidity was 17.5%. All patients received antihelminthic therapy postoperatively. There was no recurrence. Surgery is considered to be the optimal treatment for intrathoracic hydatid disease. In addition, recurrence is very low when all such patients receive postoperative antihelminthic therapy.

Épidémiologie des kystes hydatiques extrapulmonaires : 265 cas en Tunisie

Aim of studyThe authors wanted to analyze the epidemiological features of extrapulmonary hydatid cysts and compare their results with those reported in literature. MethodsTwo hundred and sixty-five cases of extrapulmonary hydatid cysts collected from 1990 to 2007 were retrospectively studied. ResultsOne hundred and one male and 164 female patients (sex ratio M/F=0.61 mean age 38.7 years) were included. In our series, hydatid cysts involved mainly the kidney (24.1%), the central nervous system (22.6%), the liver (19.6%) and the spleen (11.3%). ConclusionContrary to published data, our results show that hydatid cysts of the kidney and of the central nervous system are more frequent than hepatic location which ranks 3rd. Such unusual results may be due to a selection bias.

Les kystes hydatiques thoraciques extra-pulmonaires

To report our experience in the management of intra-thoracic extra-pulmonary hydatid cyst, and to discuss the etio-pathogeny of this affection. Among 80 patients who underwent surgery in our department for intra-thoracic hydatid cysts between September 2001 and September 2005, six patients (7.5%) had an extra-pulmonary localization. There were 4 men and 2 women with a mean age of 43 years. The lesions were pleural, diaphragmatic or mediastinal. Thoracotomy was performed in all patients. One patient had multiple localizations (diaphragm, anterior mediastinum and pleura). The cyst was simple in 5 cases and complicated (rupture) in one case. The diagnosis of hydatid cyst was suspected on the basis of the radiological data and confirmed intra-operatively. No complications or recurrences were observed during the follow-up period. Intra-thoracic extra-pulmonary hydatid cyst is uncommon even in endemic countries such as Morocco. Surgery is the best treatment and must be proposed early in order to prevent complications. Medical treatment is reserved for complicated forms.

The Evaluation of 13 Patients with Intrathoracic Extrapulmonary Hydatidosis

Cases of intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cysts are very rare. We identified 13 patients with intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cysts in our clinic over 12 years. Four patients had extrapulmonary cysts only; nine patients had both intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary cysts. Cysts were identified in the pleural space, extrapleural region, diaphragm and chest wall. Thoracotomy was used in all patients, and extrapulmonary lesions were removed by cyst extirpation from surrounding tissue or by pericystectomy. In one patient with chest wall involvement, partial rib resections were performed because of rib destruction. In two patients with liver cysts passing through the diaphragm to the thorax, the diaphragm was cut, cysts on the liver roof were removed and then the diaphragm was repaired. There was no mortality, morbidity, or disease recurrence during the post-operative period in any of the 13 patients. We conclude that these rare cases give a new insight into hydatid cyst pathophysiology.

A novel terminology and dissemination theory for a subgroup of intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cysts

Chest wall, mediastinal, pericardial, myocardial, lobar fissure and pleural locations of the hydatid cysts are referred to be intrathoracic extrapulmonary cysts. In this report a 20-year-old male patient had a liver dome cyst, which was opened into the diaphragm and caused diaphragmatic hydatid cysts. The scoleces have probably been transported by diaphragmatic lymphatics into the subpleural location and then hydatid disease has been disseminated via parasternal lymph nodes anteriorly and intercostal lymph nodes posteriorly towards cupola of the thorax. With regard to this localization, we propose a novel terminology as ‘intrathoracic extrapleural hydatid cyst’ and we hypothesize a novel dissemination theory for the hydatid cysts via diaphragmatic lymphatic drainage.

Giant Intrathoracic Extrapulmonary Hydatid Cyst Manifested As Unilateral Pectus Carinatum

Liver and lung are the most common sites of hydatid disease, but it can also be seen elsewhere in the body. Extrapulmonary intrathoracic location of the disease is rare. This case of giant intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cyst manifested as unilateral pectus carinatum serves to illustrate that hydatid disease can produce various symptoms and that it may also exist in locations apart from lung and liver.

Giant Intrathoracic Extrapulmonary Hydatid Cyst Manifested As Unilateral Pectus Carinatum

Liver and lung are the most common sites of hydatid disease, but it can also be seen elsewhere in the body. Extrapulmonary intrathoracic location of the disease is rare. This case of giant intrathoracic extrapulmonary hydatid cyst manifested as unilateral pectus carinatum serves to illustrate that hydatid disease can produce various symptoms and that it may also exist in locations apart from lung and liver.

Unusually located hydatid cysts: Intrathoracic but extrapulmonary

Hydatid cyst disease is still a problem in Turkey, as well as in many other places in the world. Extrapulmonary location of the disease in the thorax is very rare, and surgical procedures can be considered that differ from those used for pulmonary hydatid cysts. We reviewed retrospectively our experience in the surgical treatment of 22 patients with intrathoracic, extrapulmonary hydatid cysts. In our department, 297 patients with thoracic hydatid cysts were managed surgically in the last 14 years, in 22 (7.4%) of whom the cysts were localized extrapulmonarily in the thorax. The locations of these hydatid cysts were a fissure, the pleural cavity, chest wall, mediastinum, myocardium, and diaphragm. Total resection was chosen as the surgical procedure in all patients except 4 (18.2%), 1 of whom had cystectomy and capitonnage for cardiac hydatid cyst and 3 of whom had cystectomy and local curettage for cysts located in the chest wall. Empyema developed postoperatively in 1 case (4.5%) with a cyst in the fissure. The follow-up period was 1 year, and there were no deaths. Hydatid cyst may be found in many different sites, including extrapulmonarily in the thorax, and bearing this in mind will facilitate planning of the operation.