Extraordinary Assembly Research Articles

Foreword. ICOFOM’s commitment to a new museum definition

This new issue of ICOFOM Study Series was first conceived in Kyoto, Japan, after the ICOFOM plenary that discussed the museum definition prior to the ICOM Extraordinary Assembly of September 7, 2019. In that moment, we witnessed possibly the greatest dispute over a museum definition in ICOM history, and the increase of some frictions that would be both conceptual and political within this organisation. In an optimistic interpretation of the recent past, the General Conference in Kyoto represe...

The Second Group in the First Turkish Grand National Assembly

The First Turkish Grand National Assembly, called the First Parliament in the history of our Republic, is the most significant and important mission of our recent history. In fact, it is an extraordinary assembly that has achieved such a challenging task as the National Struggle with an endless effort. The ideas contained within each community reflect the pains they have experienced during the development process. Different ideas and methods gave the Parliament a colorful and dynamic structure. We can call the struggle between the First and Second Groups in the First Parliament as the pro-secular progressives and the reigners who defended the Ottoman order. The first group represented the power and the second group represented the opposition. Therefore, the First Group was the implementing side and the Second Group was a critic of these practices. The Second Group argued that in terms of their ideas, not just of their time, has also been the source of many political conflicts in the Republic of Turkey. Thus, the Second Group has marked the next political developments. The Second Group, which played such an important role, forced us to do such work. Our aim is to put forward the task undertaken by the Second Group until its dissolution. In this study, we try to evaluate the Second Group with the ideas it represents, its effectiveness within the Parliament and its contribution to the political developments.

Declaración de Cartagena. Declaración Internacional sobre el Derecho al Cuidado Nutricional y la Lucha contra la Malnutrición

  Faced with the need to promote the right to nutritional care, to fight against malnutrition and to advance in education and research in clinical nutrition, all the FELANPE’s societies signed on May 3 during an extraordinary assembly in the city of Cartagena, the International Declaration on the Right to Nutritional Care and the fight against Malnutrition, “Declaration of Cartagena”. The Declaration provides a coherent framework of thirteen principles which can serve as a guide for societies, schools and associations affiliated to FELANPE in the development of action plans. In addition, it will serve as an instrument to promote, through governments, the formulation of policies and legislation in the field of clinical nutrition. We believe that the general framework of principles proposed by the Declaration can contribute to raise awareness about the magnitude of this problem and to forge cooperation networks among Latin-American countries. Although this Declaration does not have a binding legal effect, it has undeniable moral force and can provide practical guidance to States. We will then be contributing to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals which aim to put an end to all forms of malnutrition by 2030.

Reflections of a Judicial Vicar of an Appeal Tribunal on the Proposed Reform of the Canonical Matrimonial Process

On August 27, 2014, the Holy Father established a Special Commission of study for the reform of the canonical process in marriage nullity cases. The reform of the marriage nullity process was also part of the final report of the 2014 Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops. The author, Judicial Vicar of the Canadian Appeal Tribunal, reflects on this proposed reform of the canonical matrimonial process and offers some further thoughts based upon his academic experience and his service as Judicial Vicar. His reflections are focused on (1) the simplification of the procedure in first instance tribunals; (2) the dispensation of the requirement of second instance for confirming affirmative sentences of first instance; (3) the possibility of establishing an administrative means under the jurisdiction of the diocesan Bishop; and (4) the interaction between canon law and civil law. Are the proposed changes not introducing the practice of divorce and thus giving up the indissolubility of marriage?

Gwarancja sprawiedliwości oraz reforma procesu małżeńskiego widziana przez pryzmat konieczności jego przyśpieszenia i ułatwienia wiernym kontaktu z trybunałem; przygotowanie pracowników i odpowiedzialność biskupa

The article concerns the issues relating to the need to make more efficient; more accessible and possibly totally free of charge process leading to the declaration of the nullity of marriage; the preparation of tribunal’s employees and the responsibility of the diocesan bishop. At the beginning the author presented the proposals of Relatio Synodi (no. 48 and 49) with regard to the above mentioned issues. They are confronted with the changes introduced to the canonical process for cases of the nullity of marriage; introduced by Pope Francis in motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus and Mitis et Misericors Iesus that were signed on August 15; 2015 and published on September 8; 2015. The paper discusses the reception – in the mentioned documents – the reform of Pope Francis proposals contained in the final document Relatio Synodi of Extraordinary Assembly of the Synod of Bishops in October 2014. The analysis shows that it has been upheld as a fundamental principle which implies to find the objective truth concerning the validity of the bond. With this particular reason; mercy can never ignore the truth. Successively various ways are indicated (often unused) that offered law previously in force; which made the procedure for the examination of nullity of marriage more accessible and more agile; and also is discussed the issue concerning the court costs and free service. The same issues are then analyzing and presenting in the light of the new regulations. In turn; the author stops on the issue of the preparation of employees; clerics and lay persons paying attention to the duties and responsibility of the diocesan bishop. In conclusion the author tries to answer the question of how the new regulations guarantee observance of justice in the process of marriage.

La representación ciudadana en las asambleas estamentales castellanas: Cortes y Santa Junta Comunera. Análisis comparativo del perfil sociopolítico de los procuradores

The main organ of government of the «Comunero» rebels, the «Santa Junta», came to life as an extraordinary assembly of the towns that had the right to send deputies to the Cortes (Parliament), that was summoned by someof these towns, without the consent of the king. This institution has been described as revolutionary. But in this paper the author tries to prove that in many respects it followed the model of the Castilian Cortes of the fifteenth century and of the first decades of the sixteenth century. He pays attention to the study of the social prolife of the deputies sent by the towns to the «Santa Junta», and he proves that most of them belonged to the same sociopolitical group that the deputies to the Cortes. At the same time he shows that an important number of towns that sent deputies to this assembly didn't advocate constitutional changes of any kind, and since the beginning they made efforts to prevent actions that implied disobedience to the king, and finally ended up by ordering their deputies to leave the assembly.

A Well-Staged "Coup de Theatre": The Royal "Lit de Justice" of 1718

ON AUGUST 26, 1718, ONLY THREE YEARS AFTER LOUIS XIV DIED, the testament of this monarch who attributed the highest glory to the absolute monarchy was overturned at a royal Lit de justice. This important political ceremonial, discussed below, generally consists of an extraordinary assembly between the king and the Parliament of Paris, intended for solving important state matters. The 1718 Lit de justice, held at the Tuileries, was formally led by the five-year-old Louis XV, but conducted in reality by the Duke of Orl6ans, nephew of the deceased king and Regent of France. During this Assembly, Louis XIV's two legitimated sons-the Duke of Maine and the Duke of Toulouse-were deprived of the right to inherit the crown. This important political event, recorded in official archives and in several testimonies, was also the object of a vivid account by the Duke of Saint-Simon. This author of the famous Memoirs about the reign of Louis XIV and the Regency was both a witness and a participant. We will examine through his narrative the theatrical paradigm underlying political practice in early modern France, of which this ceremony can be taken as a perfect illustration. In the ancien regime, politics were related in many respects to literature, particularly to theater. Although works such as Machiavelli's Prince or Naude's Political Considerations on Coups d'Etat took a somewhat theoretical stance, as a rule, political ideas were shaped and expressed in plays or in historical writings more often than in abstract treatises. Corneille's tragedies served to justify or elaborate absolutist ideology, the Cardinal de Retz's La conjuration du comte de Fiesque has been interpreted as a manual for political conspiracy in the form of historical narrative, and most thinkers of the seventeenth century, including Pascal and Finelon, developed their political theories through fictional dialogues or in the form of advice to the prince. Moreover, royal authority was itself firmly grounded in ceremonial representation. Its ritual enactment reaffirmed its sacred character, on the one hand, and served to reduce the consciousness of its violent origin, on the other. Kingship was indeed seen as rooted in an

Extraordinary Assembly of the international Society for Music Education

Extraordinary Assembly of the international Society for Music Education

International Civil Aviation Organization: Resolutions Adopted by the Extraordinary Assembly

International Civil Aviation Organization: Resolutions Adopted by the Extraordinary Assembly

Interim Report 1 and 2

Following discussion on name, functions, and financing of this Committee by the Extraordinary Assembly, held at Cambridge, England, last summer.Resolution 13: (a) To adopt Resolution 17, passed by the Extraordinary Meeting of the Executive Committee held at Oxford, England, November, 1945, namely: “A Committee on the Social Value of the Earth Sciences be formed, under the chairmanship of Dr. R. M. Field, with the object of preparing a general statement on the value of the Earth Sciences for human welfare, and of instituting such forms of publicity as may from time to time be desirable.”

Summary report on the Extraordinary General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), Cambridge, England, July 29 to August 2, 1946

The following summary of the proceedings of the Extraordinary Assembly at Cambridge is abstracted from the Report prepared by General Secretary Stagg. The Report will be published in full by the Union, but meanwhile it seems desirable to acquaint readers of the Journal with the proceedings and actions taken.Delegates—The following countries were represented by delegates: Belgium; Canada; Denmark; France; Great Britain; Holland; India; Indo‐China; Italy; Jugoslavia; Morocco; Norway; Peru; Sweden; Switzerland; and the United States of America. Apologies for absence were received from Finland, Greece, South Africa, and Turkey.

The Effect of the Non-Recognition of Manchukuo

When the United States government, on January 7, 1932, and the Extraordinary Assembly of the League of Nations, on March 11, 1932, and again on February 24, 1933, invoked non-recognition as a sanction,1 the necessity at once arose of determining what would be the precise effects, as far as international relations are concerned, of withholding recognition of Manchukuo. It may seem strange that the decision to resort to non-recognition as a sanction was taken before an attempt was made to determine the practical effects of such action on the Far Eastern situation. Presumably, however, this must be the procedure in the application of international sanctions.