Extramarital Sexual Relations Research Articles

The Changing face of Marriage and Extramarital Relationships

Examines the purpose of marriage in North America, once understood in the context of institution, now understood as companionship. Asserts that married partners now value “extra” relationships when they exclude sexual involvement. Cites research findings which document significant rates of extramarital sexual involvement. Explores the conflict between attitudes disapproving extramarital sexual relationships and actions involving extramarital sexual relationships. Discusses current research and theory about extramarital relationships and the necessity for reviewing commitments in the context of this change and conflict. Suggests a framework for pastoral counselors with particular attention to issues of commitment.

Decision-making in extramarital relationships

A model was constructed and used to generate hypotheses regarding situational determinants, motives, and restraints affecting extramarital decision-making. Statistically significant differences between males and females were found on factors influencing extramarital sexual relationships. It was concluded that men have a greater expectation of personal involvement, are strongly influenced by perceived payoffs, and are more likely to respond to what they regard as justifications for their behavior. Women are more responsive to risks which they see as more likely to occur and to be more destructive. Avoiding hurt for themselves and others is an important consideration. Counseling implications are discussed.

Size of Community of Residence as a Predictor of Attitudes toward Extramarital Sexual Relations

Five national surveys collected by the National Opinion Research Center between 1973 and 1980 were employed to investigate the relationship between attitudes toward extramarital sexual relations and a group of predictor variables that included variables identified in previous research and a measure of size of community of present residence. The results indicate that size of community was strongly and directly related to extramarital attitudes, along with premarital sexual permissiveness, level of education, and marital happiness/status. The report closes with a discussion of the continuing importance of ruralurban differences in attitude formation within American culture and in the process of social change.

Attitudes of Fundamentalists toward Nonmarital Sex

This study assessed the attitudes of fundamentalists and nonfundamentalists toward nonmarital sex. Subjects were 151 college students. Fundamentalists were significantly less accepting of both premarital and extramarital sexual relations than nonfundamentalists. A sex difference was also evident regardless of religious indication; males showed more approval than females for both types of nonmarital sex. Implications are discussed.

Extramarital Affairs: Clinical Approaches in Marital Therapy

Extramarital sexual relationships constitute one of the most common problems encountered in marital therapy. They present both of the marital partners with highly emotionally charged dilemmas that must be resolved. Once believed to occur because a married person was weak, immoral, or neurotic, they are now understood to occur because of a variety of reasons. While almost a third of these cases end in divorce, others respond to appropriate treatment so that the marriages may be maintained, although with varying degrees of happiness for these couples. Countertransference issues for therapists are major issues in treating these couples and may require special referral procedures.

Early menopause and its determinants.

SummaryIn rural women in Andhra Pradesh, major determinants of early menopause are poor health status, particularly low haemoglobin and protein levels, increased parity, and pathological conditions including infection by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Early menopause leads to increased likelihood of extramarital sexual relations by husbands, resulting in family disharmony. As remedial measures, a greater age difference between prospective spouses, education in sexual hygiene, improvement of health and nutritional status, and limitation of conception are indicated.

The Dynamics, Implications and Treatment of Extramarital Sexual Relationships for the Family Therapist*

This article presents the dynamics, implications and treatment of extramarital sex. Historical and cultural perspectives, various types of infidelity experiences and family therapy implications will be discussed. Marital styles will be outlined as a frame of reference in understanding the topic and the importance of symptom generation vis‐a‐vis infidelity. Finally, specific recommendations for treatment and a brief consideration of extramarital relationships as a healthy alternative marital style will be offered.

Demographic and contraceptive innovators: A study of transitional African society.

Data are used from 6 surveys conducted in Ibadan City Nigeria during 2 survey programs - the Nigerian segment of the Changing African Family project 1973 and the Nigerian Family Study in 1974 1975. A distinction is made between contraceptive innovators those who use any means to control fertility except the traditional Yoruba method of sexual abstinence and demographic innovators those who succeed in limiting their family size. Although it appears that contraceptive innovation is progressing rapidly it is shown to have little association with demographic innovation. Social change is responsible for the contraceptive innovation for the likelihood of premarital and extramarital sexual relations and the desire to shorten the period of postnatal sexual abstinence while not increasing the interval between births. This innovation is more rapid due to the increased availability of contraceptives since about 1960 and due to the types of contraceptives that have been developed since then. Although demographic innovation is on the rise its incidence remains quite small. Fertility restriction within marriage seems to occur only after profound changes have taken place in the economic relationships within both the extended and nuclear families. This study demonstrates that too little effort has been invested in distinguishing between contraceptive innovation and demographic innovation. 1 reason for this is probably because demographic transition theory has taught that family limitation is economically rational and that the forces imposing irratio nality act largely by deterring individuals from attempting to prevent conception.(AUTHORS MODIFIED)

Attitudes versus Behavior in Extramarital Sexual Relations

Attitudes versus Behavior in Extramarital Sexual Relations

Demographic and contraceptive innovators: a study of transitional African society.

SummaryData are employed from six surveys carried out in Ibadan City, Nigeria, during two survey programmes: the Nigerian segment of the Changing African Family Project in 1973, and the Nigerian Family Study in 1974–5. A distinction is made between contraceptive innovators, those who use any means to control fertility except the traditional Yoruba sexual abstinence, and demographic innovators, those who succeed in limiting their family size. It is shown that contraceptive innovation is now proceeding rapidly but has little connection with demographic innovation. Contraceptive innovation is a response to social change which has increased the likelihood of premarital and extramarital sexual relations and the desire to shorten the period of postnatal sexual abstinence while not increasing the interval between births. Such innovation has proceeded more rapidly because of the increased availability of contraceptives since about 1960 and because of the types of contraceptives which have been developed since then. Demographic innovation is on the increase but its incidence is still minute. Fertility restriction within marriages seems to take place only after profound changes have occurred in the economic relationships within both the extended and nuclear families which for the first time make the small family the economically rational choice. Such change probably depends more on the import of cultural patterns than on necessary cultural adjustments to imported economic change, but a strengthening of the conjugal bond is involved and this may be hastened by contraceptive innovation. Little innovational trauma or even awareness of profound change was detected, largely because the profound, and even disruptive, innovations are preceding social ones, but partly too because peer group behaviour changes at much the same time.

Some Knowledge Bases about Human Sexuality for Social Work Education

Abstract The social work profession has been too little concerned with policy, program, and practice issues related to human sexuality. Changing times and new knowledge require that the profession deal with this area more competently. Studies indicate that human sexuality is affected by biological, cultural, and psychological factors; that the female and male sex drives and physiological responses are similar; that the incidence of premarital and extramarital sexual relations are probably increasing along with more emphasis on the quality of the total interpersonal relationship; and that sexual behavior and values vary between socioeconomic groups.

The American Family in the Preindustrial Period: From Base Lines in History to Change

This research parallels two earlier investigations of preindustrial American family patterns during the periods of 1741-1794 and 1794-1825. The present investigation involves a content analysis of magazines for the third period, 1825-1850. Special attention is given to power patterns between husband and wife, romantic love, motivations for marriage, and advocated and actual sanctions implemented toward individuals involved in premarital and extramarital sexual relationships. The results suggest a marked increase in the power of the woman. Romantic love and personal happiness emerge as important criteria in mate selection. It is suggested that in the period 1825-1850 magazine content indicates a significant move from a traditional to a more emancipated family with new alternatives. The limitations of these findings are discussed and include the problem of identifying the precise period in which industrialization in America emerged, the implications which this difficulty poses for the interpretation of our data. The special problems of causal analysis in understanding family change are also noted.

Perceptions of College Students Concerning Alternate Life Styles

Summary In this study, the Alternate Life Styles Perceptions Scale (ALPS) was developed and administered to a sample of 768 college students representing five regions of the nation. The results indicated that the college students' perceptions toward alternate life styles are more conservative and negative than is often believed. The most favorable perceptions were expressed toward trial marriage, and the least favorable perceptions were expressed toward extramarital sexual relations without the knowledge of one mate. ALPS scores were found to be significantly related to several background factors.

The "pill", promiscuity, and venereal disease.

The percentage of gonorrhea cases in the total clinic population was compared with that of the patients taking oral contraceptives for the years 1965-1968. Information on the social status of the oral contraceptive users (using the Registrar Generals criterion of social status) and feelings and behavior regarding extramarital sexual relations was obtained through interview. The incidence of gonorrhea in the total clinic population increased 6% from 1965 to the first 6 months of 1968; the incidence of gonorrhea in oral contraceptive users increased 15%. In comparing the 80 oral contraceptive users in 1965 with the 90 users in 1968 there was an increase in infection rates for Social Classes 1 2 and 3. The percentage of women who had extramarital intercourse since taking the pill was 73% for Classes 1 and 2 70% of Class 3 and 62% of Classes 4 and 5. Women who might have done otherwise if not taking the pill were 53% for Classes 1 and 2 64% for Class 3 and 25% for Classes 4 and 5. From case histories it appears that married women develop promiscuity gradually. The decreased use of the condom is an important factor in the increased incidence of gonorrhea.

Young people’s knowledge, attitude, and behaviour on STI/HIV/AIDS in the context of Nepal: A systematic review

Sexual and reproductive health of young people has become a major health problem in recent decades. Recent and rapidly increasing Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) rates show an urgent need for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV prevention interventions in Nepal. This paper attempts to assess knowledge, attitude and behaviour on STIs/HIV/AIDS in the context of young peoples of Nepal. A systematic review based on the available literature was carried out including both qualitative and quantitative studies. Our findings indicate that the overall knowledge regarding STIs and HIV/AIDS is high although the level of knowledge seems to differ according to education, gender, and area of residence. Knowledge about condoms was also very high but practice of correct and consistent use in premarital and extramarital sexual relations with non-regular partners seems to be lower. The overall sexual behaviour among young people is unsafe. This suggests that young people's sexual and reproductive health issues need to be further addressed and explored in order to promote safer and responsible sexual behaviour.