Fish Extracts Research Articles

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THE ACUTE TOXICITY EFFECTS OF FRIED CAT FISH EXTRACT ON BIOCHEMICAL, HEMATOLOGICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WISTAR RATS

Some food processing techniques have been linked with formation of toxic chemicals known as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are found in some processed foods and have been widely attributed to the prevalence of cancer of liver and stomach in Nigeria. However, the toxicological effects of the consumption of fried fish have not been adequately documented. Therefore, this study investigated the toxicological effects of PAHs in fried cat fish on Wistar rats. Fifty five rats were used in the study and they were divided into control and ten treatment groups with daily administration of fried fish extract at dosage of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg/kg body weight to the rats for 14 days. The results showed that the activities of serum, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phospherase (ALP), asparte aminotransferase (AST) as well as urea and creatinine concentration were affected across the treated groups of animals which were indications for hepatorenal damage. White blood cell (WBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) showed significant changes in response to the administered dosage compared to the control. The liver showed no significant histopathological changes between the test rats and control. The architecture of sections of kidney treated groups was similar to that of the control in which the renal corpuscles maintained their normal size of urinary space and normal tubular structures with no necrosis observed. The result revealed that there can be potential toxicity if there is repeated indulgence to fried cat fish at the temperatures between 160 – 230 oC.

FORMULATION OF SELF-NANO EMULSIFYING SYSTEM (SNES) CONTAINING SNAKEHEAD FISH EXTRACT PROTEIN INCORPORATED INTO CORN OIL BY HYDROPHOBIC ION PAIRING METHOD

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the protein complexation of snakehead fish extract using the hydrophobic ion pairing method with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) as a complexing ligand could be loaded into the corn oil component of the SNES and to explore the ratio of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant in the Self-Nanoemulsifying System (SNES) formula that can produce good SNES characteristics. Methods: Snakehead fish proteins were extracted using pressurized hot water and then complexed with SDS at acidic pH. The SDS-protein complex was loaded into the oil component of the SNES and then combined with the surfactant component (Tween 80) and cosurfactant (propylene glycol) in a ratio of 1:9:1, which, based on the preliminary miscibility screening, has the best miscibility among other screening results. Results: The results of the study were as follows. The binding efficiency of the SDS-protein-complex was 31.74% and the loading efficiency into SNES was 83.17%. The nanoemulsion formed had visible light transmittance of 100.4%, particle size 72.7 nm, zeta potential-53.03 mV, and emulsification time 71.67 seconds. The nanoemulsion was stable at storage and 100 and 1000 times dilution challenges using aqueous media, Simulated Gastric Fluid (SGF), and Simulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF). Conclusion: The hydrophobic ion-pair complexation of snakehead fish protein extract with SDS as the complexing ligand was able to load the protein into the oil component of SNES and the ratio of oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant in the SNES formula that produce good SNES characteristics was corn oil, Tween 80, and propylene glycol at a ratio of 1:9:1

Combined Integrative RNA-Seq and Serological sIgE Analysis Enhances Understanding of Fish Allergen Profiles and Diagnostic Strategy for Fish Allergy.

Fish allergy is a significant health concern, with diagnosis and management complicated by diverse fish species and allergens. We conducted a comprehensive RNA-seq analysis of eight fish species to identify allergen profiles, integrating ImmunoCAP sIgE data to explore associations with allergen expression and diagnostic performance. Over 30 putative fish allergens were identified, with varying sequence similarities and expression levels, roughly classifying fish into two groups based on parvalbumin (PV) expression. Higher similarities in allergen expression correlated with stronger sIgE data relationships among fish extracts. High PV expression and conserved PV sequences were linked to elevated sIgE measurements, potentially indicating higher allergenicity. For diagnosis, species-specific extract sIgE remained the best indicator of corresponding fish allergy diagnosis, while incorporating multiple sIgE data enhanced performance. In component-resolved diagnosis (CRD), the current panel with PV alone showed comparable performance to fish extract for PV-high fish allergy, while PV-low fish may require the inclusion of more minor allergens for improved CRD accuracy. This RNA-seq allergen analysis helps reveal fish allergen profiles, classify fish groups, and predict allergenicity, potentially improving CRD design and food management in fish allergy.

8415 Rapid Generation Of An In Vivo Loss-Of-Function Genetic Model Of sdhb Zebrafish: Functional And Metabolic Characterization

Abstract Disclosure: S. Parisien-La Salle: None. F. Nobilleau: None. J. Lamontagne: None. S. Éric: None. I. Bourdeau: None. Introduction: Animal research has been limited in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs). Recently, Dona et al., described a sdhb mutated zebrafish model by introducing a 13 bp frameshift mutation at the sdhb exon1—intron1 boundary into the zebrafish sdhb gene that recapitulated features of PPGLs. Objective: To generate a new model of mutated sdhb zebrafish to further investigate the underlying metabolic and biochemical perturbations in vivo. Methods: We took advantage of the genetic accessibility of zebrafish embryo to generate loss-of-function model for sdhb using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Three guide RNAs were designed and microinjected in one-cell stage zebrafish embryos to target the coding sequence of zebrafish sdhb gene. In order to control for the stress brought on by injections, we injected a group of zebrafish with Cas9 endonuclease as a control. At five days post fertilization, mutant and control zebrafish were flash frozen and sent for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry measurements of Krebs cycle metabolites and normetanephrines/metanephrines. All results were normalized to the control groups consisting of wild-type or Cas9 injected larvae. Sdhb expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR in sdhb mutants and wild-type zebrafish larvae. We also monitored survival and heart rate in sdhb mutant zebrafish, compared to wild-type and Cas9. Results: Firstly, we confirmed the significant reduction of sdhb expression in CRISPR-injected larvae compared to wild-type larvae at 5 dpf (0.0613 vs 1.000 p<0.0001). Our metabolic panel showed that succinate was up to 26 times more elevated in sdhb mutants than in wild-type fish extracts (sdhb: 26.51 p<0.0001). Lactate (sdhb: 5.27 p<0.0001), leucine (sdhb: 2.88 p<0.0001), arginine (sdhb: 1.50 p=0.0034) and HMG-CoA (sdhb: 1.36 p=0.0033) were also higher in sdhb mutants. Whereas aspartate (sdhb: 0.244 p<0.0001) and oxidized gluthiatone (sdhb: 0.64 p=0.0011) were significantly lower in sdhb mutants than in wild-types. In regards to functionality, normetanephrine and metanephrine levels were at least four folds higher in sdhb mutants than in Cas9 injected larvaes (4.06 p<0.0001 and 3.42 p<0.0001 respectively). Interestingly, this difference was more noticeable in the fish bathing medium than in larvae tissue extracts, suggesting an increased hormonal excretion (normetanephrines: 4.81 p<0.0001 and metanephrines: 9.40 p<0.0001). Finally, sdhb mutated zebrafish presented with a higher heart rate (148 vs 133 p<0.0001) and reduced lifespan (p<0.0001) when compared to the wild-type/Cas9 group. Conclusion: These findings confirm that the zebrafish is an ideal model for studying PPGLs and their associated genetic defects. Our approach allows the in vivo assessment of a large metabolic panel, opening avenues on new potential clinical metabolic biomarkers in a loss-of-function of the SDHB gene. Ref: Dona M, et al. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2021 Presentation: 6/1/2024

Combined Anti-Diabetic and Wound Healing Effects of Binahung Leaf (Basella rubra L.) and Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extracts in Alloxan-Induced High-Fat Diet Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that continues to increase in the world. Lifestyle factors cause diabetes cases to increase uncontrollably. The development of medicines based on natural ingredients has become a subject of study for researchers throughout the world. Meanwhile, binahong leaf extract contains flavonoids and saponins, which can reduce the absorption of glucose. Snakehead fish extract containing albumin also influences the reduction of diabetic wounds. The combination of binahong and snakehead fish extract is expected to synergistically lower blood glucose levels and cure diabetic wounds. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the anti-diabetic and wound healing activity resulting from the combination of binahong leaf and snakehead fish extract in rat models of diabetes induced with alloxan and fat diet. The test animals were divided into six groups with five per group, namely normal, positive, and negative control, as well as dose 1 (snakehead fish 250 mg/kg and binahong extract 100 mg/kg), dose 2 (snakehead fish 250 mg/kg and binahong extract 300 mg/kg), and a single dose of snakehead fish extract 500 mg/kg. The experiment was conducted for 21 days by administering the test solution once a day. The results showed that administering a combination of binahong extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg and snakehead fish at a dose of 500 mg/kg significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats (p≤0.05). Treatment using a combination of the two extracts was more effective in lowering blood sugar levels compared to a single dose of snakehead fish extract.

The bioassay tests and mass spectrometry for evaluation of xenoestrogens in tuna fish

Exposure to xenoestrogens through food is a significant concern. These compounds have estrogen-like activity and lead to cell proliferation. In this study, MCF-7 cells were utilized for bioassay tests and evaluation of cell proliferation of extracts prepared from canned tuna fish. First, a pre-screening using the MTT test was done with the solid and liquid parts of the canned tuna fish. It was observed that the proliferation of cells in the solid part of canned tuna cans actually occurs in tuna meat. Therefore, this portion of canned tuna fish was selected for further studies. The binding affinity with ERα and ERβ receptors was determined through RT-qPCR, and the extract was analyzed via mass spectrometry to identify estrogenic components. The study revealed an increased cell proliferation rate upon treatment with the canned tuna fish extract. 17β-estradiol was considered as positive control. The cell proliferation rate ranged from 27 % to 36.6 % compared to 17β-estradiol. Both ERα and ERβ receptors of MCF-7 cells were stimulated almost equally in the sample extract group. Mass spectrometry analysis identified bisphenol A(BPA) and other estrogenic compounds such as phytoestrogens, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls, natural and synthetic estrogen hormones. Our findings emphasize the necessity of using a combination of bioassay tests and analytical methods to carefully manage and evaluate the combined estrogenic effects of components in food samples.

Fish Extract Fractionation by Solid Phase Extraction: Investigating Co-Occurring Ciguatoxins by LC-MS/MS and N2a-Bioassay

Fish Extract Fractionation by Solid Phase Extraction: Investigating Co-Occurring Ciguatoxins by LC-MS/MS and N2a-Bioassay

The Extracts from Two Antarctic Fish Species, Trematomus newnesi and Trematomus bernacchii, Enhance JEG-3 Cell Migration and Invasion via MMP9 Activation Through Akt/Protein Phosphatase1/β-Catenin Pathway.

This study investigates the impact of extracts derived from Antarctic fish species, Trematomus newnesi and Trematomus bernacchii, on the migration of human placental trophoblast JEG-3 cells, which is a crucial aspect of successful pregnancy. The extracts, obtained from the muscles of these fish, significantly enhance the migration and invasion of JEG-3 cells in in vitro wound healing, Transwell, and collagen invasion assays. These effects are accompanied by an increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 activity, as demonstrated by zymography. Furthermore, the extracts activated Akt and protein phosphatase 1, resulting in the dephosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser33/37/Thr41, as confirmed by western blot analysis. Consequently, MMP9 is upregulated, while metallopeptidase inhibitor 1/3 is downregulated, as verified by western blot and qRT-PCR analyses. Finally, utilizing ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis, followed by matching with the Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking library, the study annotates the compound responsible for the observed migratory activity as taurocholic acid. Importantly, the study confirms that taurocholic acid enhances cell migration in JEG-3 cells. The results of this study emphasize the potential of Antarctic fish extracts in promoting extravillous trophoblast migration and invasion, which are critical for successful pregnancy.

Production of Antioxidant Peptides from Snakehead Fish Using Batch and Continuous Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Bioactive peptides are promising functional ingredients. Due to its high protein content, snakehead fish (Channa striata) extract (SHFE) is one of the suitable parent proteins for bioactive peptides. This study aimed to investigate the production of SHFE-based antioxidative peptides in a conventional batch and continuous system facilitated by an enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR). The effects of different proteases (Alcalase, Neutrase), substrate concentrations, and enzyme-to-substrate ratios were investigated in the batch process. Continuous hydrolysis was then performed under the optimum conditions obtained from the batch process. The optimum conditions based on the antioxidant capacity measured by DPPH and FRAP assays were employing Alcalase with a substrate concentration [S] of 3% (w/v) and an enzyme-to-substrate ratio [E]/[S] of 10% (w/w). Continuous operation was shown to have been performed over a prolonged period, based on the calculated fouling rate. Furthermore, filtration of the resulting permeate with a smaller membrane pore size (2-kDa) increased the antioxidant capacity. This study is expected to increase the production of functional ingredients in snakehead fish.

The Effect of Tuna Extract on Periarticular Tissue Catalase Activity and Malondialdehyde Levels in Animal Models of Adjuvant Arthritis

Tuna contains vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and fatty acids, which play a role in preventing oxidative stress. The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis is often associated with oxidative stress due to increased ROS production. Adjuvant arthritis experimental animals are widely used for research on rheumatoid arthritis. This study aims to determine the effect of tuna fish extract on plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and periarticular tissue catalase in adjuvant arthritis (AA) experimental animals with AA. The 24 experimental animals were divided into 3 groups, group 1, eight experimental animals without treatment; group 2, eight experimental animals AA-induced complete freund adjuvant (CFA); group 3, eight experimental animals AA treated with Tuna fish extract therapy, and at the end of the study the animals were sacrificed and examined for plasma MDA and periarticular tissue catalase levels. The results of the ANOVA statistical test showed a significant increase in periarticular tissue catalase activity (p=0.001) between the AA group and the treatment group. There was a considerable decrease in periarticular tissue MDA levels (p=0.001) between the adjuvant arthritis group and the treatment group with p value = 0.001. The Spearman correlation test between MDA levels and catalase activity shows -0.335, indicating an adequate and inverse correlation. The administration of tuna extract can prevent oxidative stress. It can be shown that increasing the antioxidant activity of catalase and reducing lipid peroxidation is measured by examining MDA levels.

The Effect of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Extract on Dry Socket Wound Healing: TGF-β1 Expression in Rats Model

Background: Dry socket or alveolar osteitis is a condition characterized by the breakdown of blood clots due to excessive fibrinolysis activity, which disrupts the wound healing process. Consumption of nutrition-rich foods such as snakehead fish (Channa striata) rich in albumin, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and striatin may accelerate delayed wound healing. This study aimed to analyze the role of snakehead fish extract on the expression of TGF-β1 in the healing of dry socket wounds after tooth extraction in Wistar rats. Methods: This study was an in vivo study with a posttest-only control group design. Forty-five Wistar rats were divided into five groups: snakehead fish extract groups with doses of 1/2, 1, 2, 4 times human dose, and a negative control. The lower left incisor teeth of the rats were extracted, then dry socket was induced with adrenaline using a paper point. On days 3, 7, and 14, TGF-β1 expression was assessed using immunohistochemical staining. Results: This study showed significant difference in TGF-β1 expression on days 3, 7, and 14. TGF-β1 expression was higher in the treatment groups than the control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Administration of snakehead fish extract increased TGF-β1 expression. These findings underline the complex interaction between snakehead fish extract and TGF-β1 expression.

Precise underwater fish measurement: A geometric approach leveraging medium regression

Accurate estimation of fish length is crucial aquaculture processes. Precise and real-time estimation of fish length aids fish farmers in formulating effective farming strategies. Existing methods for estimating the length of underwater fish have made significant advancements in overcoming the interferences present in complex underwater environments. Nevertheless, the measurement results of some methods continue to be limited by variations in the refractive index of multiple media and deviations in imaging angles, resulting in measurement errors and diminished practicality. Consequently, we propose a measurement method that aims to address the aforementioned challenges in fisheries aquaculture by providing more accurate and cost-effective solutions. This method initially introduces the concept of regressing multiple media into a single medium to correct underwater depth estimation and enhance underwater imaging quality. Subsequently, an accurate plane fitting algorithm is applied to precisely fit the fish body plane and extract its corresponding normal vector information. Finally, taking into account the light propagation path and accounting for the limitations of precise values, we utilize the geometric relationship between the length of the bounding box and the actual length of the fish to calculate a more accurate estimation of fish body length. Experimental validation showcases the applicability of our measurement method to diverse fish species and substantiates its exceptional performance in both experimental and real-world scenarios. The maximum average relative errors for each group are within 8%, and the average relative error is 3.28% under the exact value constraints presented in the experiments. This method makes a significant contribution to fish length estimation and offers valuable insights for applications in fisheries and aquaculture.

Energy Budgeting and Efficiency Analysis of Organic Cotton: A DEA Approach

Background: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is crop of economic importance in global and national scale. India is the greatest producer of quality cotton, the third largest exporter and the second largest consumer. Conventional cotton farming creates environmental pressures and negative impact on public health. Organic farming is the sustainability option in cotton production. Cotton is the energy intensive crop, which uses high amount of input energy to produce seed cotton. Hence, energy budgeting is highly essential for better energy utilization and resource conservation and also measuring the input use efficiency of a farm/agronomic practices is vitally important in present day Indian agriculture. Methods: Sensing the economic importance of cotton, ten number of eco-friendly, ecologically safe organic nutrient management (ONM) practices were framed and field experiment was conducted in split plot design with two main plots (M) and five subplots (S) and replicated thrice. The direct and indirect energy used in different ONM practices were computed and energy coefficients were computed from energy equivalents and that has been used as inputs to generate efficiency coefficients by using an input oriented DEA approach. Result: Energy budgeting on field operation basis reported that, the field preparation and irrigation operation uses most of the energy (in non-renewable forms) which needs attention and there is the scope to find alternative energy conservation systems. Results on input use efficiency reported that the ONM practice, double green manuring followed by cotton and application of well decomposed poultry manure and foliar application of fermented fish extract at 5% concentration at 25 and 35 DAS are 100% efficient in terms of technical CRS, technical VRS, scale, allocative and cost efficiencies. This organic nutrient management practice would produce optimum output from the least amount of input and would be ideal for sustainable cotton production.

Effectiveness of Early Mobilization and Administration of Cork Fish Extract on Wound Healing of Sectio Caesarean Surgery at Noemuti Health Center

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of early mobilization and administration of cork fish extract on wound healing after Sectio caesarea surgery at Puskesmas Noemuti. The problem faced is the high rate of cesarean delivery in Indonesia which can cause complications such as surgical wound infection and increase maternal and infant mortality. The method used is a type of quasy experimental research with a static group comparison design approach. The results showed that early mobilization and administration of cork fish extract were effective in improving sectio caesarean wound healing. The treatment group given the intervention of early mobilization and administration of cork fish extract had a better level of surgical wound healing compared to the control group which was only given the standard hospital intervention. This study can contribute to improving the quality of health services in Indonesia, especially in the handling of labor through cesarean section.

KARAKTERISTIK MUTU KOLAGEN DARI LIMBAH PRODUKSI TUNA LOIN QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC OF COLLAGEN EXTRACTED FROM TUNA LOIN PRODUCTION WASTE

Background: Frozen tuna loin industrial waste produces solid waste in the form of pieces of head, tail, fins and innards . By-products of tuna loin production produce around 15% bone, around 30% head, and around 10% remaining skin and scales . Solid waste from tuna loin production can be used as raw material for collagen production. Collagen characteristics vary according to the type of fish, fish body part, extracting material, and extraction technique . Methods: The research method was experimental by applying two collagen source treatments , namely skin waste (A1) and a combination of head, bone and tail waste (A2). Results: The results of the research show that The collagen yield value obtained from leather waste (A1) was 4.02% with a water content of 11.89%, ash 1.26%, protein 52.58% and a pH value of 3.74. Meanwhile, the yield of collagen obtained from mixed head, bone and tail waste (A2) was 1.256% with a water content (9.61%), ash 1.49%, protein 53.94% and a pH value of 3.23% . Conclusion: The water and ash content of collagen from skin waste (A1) and the combined tuna loin head, bone and tail waste (A2) meet the quality of SNI 8076:2014

Hot-Spot Analysis and Scenario-Driven Life Cycle Assessment of Authenticated Greek PDO “Avgotaracho Mesolongiou”

Food systems account for one third of greenhouse gas emissions while fish production is assigned 4% of total anthropogenic emissions as well as other environmental implications. The Greek fishery industry is a very promising and upcoming sector with renowned products such as “Avgotaracho Mesolongiou”, the Greek bottarga, which is a product of designated origin (PDO) with cultural and economic significance but unexplored environmental impacts. The aim of the study is to depict the environmental hot-spots of “Avgotaracho Mesolongiou” production using the life cycle analysis (LCA) methodology with the help of SimaPro v3.5 software and the Ecoinvent database v3.9. “Avgotaracho Mesolongiou” supply chain is divided into the fish extraction, roe processing and transport, and retail stages, while the inventory of each stage is filled with data depicted from producers via a questionnaire and findings from the literature. The hot-spot analysis of Avgotaracho Mesolongiou exhibited high human carcinogenic toxicity, and marine and freshwater ecotoxicity impacts that account for more than 90% of total normalized scores. More specifically, the use of metallic traps in the fish-catching facilities presented the highest contribution among the inputs and was responsible for more than 70% of total normalized scores. Furthermore, the uncontrolled treatment processes of waste streams are attributed 6% of total normalized scores. More specifically, waste wood open-burning accounts for 10% of human carcinogenic toxicity while disposal of wastewater was responsible for 25% of freshwater eutrophication. Moreover, a scenario-driven LCA was conducted to compare the existing waste treatment meth+ods to a proposed improved waste management (IWM) scenario. The implementation of controlled treatment processes resulted in a decrease in human carcinogenic toxicity and freshwater eutrophication impact by 8% and 26%, respectively. The outcome was proven to be robust in respect to the affected impact categories while the fish extraction remains the most impactful stage of the supply chain when subjected to a sensitivity analysis.

Effectiveness of Snakehead Fish Extract on Tooth Extraction Wound Healing

Tooth extraction can cause open wound in the oral cavity, if not handled properly it can cause complications such as bleeding, infection and delayed wound healing. Wound healing is a biological process associated with tissue growth and regeneration. The wound healing process can be accelerated by administering chemicals that can affect the inflammatory, proliferative and remodeling phases. One of them is by giving snakehead fish extract. The extract contains albumin, copper and zinc which play an important role in the wound healing phase. The purpose of writing this review article is to explain the mechanism of snakehead fish extract in accelerating the healing of tooth extraction wounds. Several studies have revealed that snakehead fish extract affects pro-inflammatory cytokines in helping the wound healing process and significantly helps increase the number of fibroblast cells in tooth socket wounds, so that the healing process can take place more quickly. Based on this, it can be concluded that snakehead fish extract has the potential to accelerate the healing of tooth extraction wounds.

Redox profile of silver catfish challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and treated with hexane extract of Hesperozygis ringens (Benth.) Epling through immersion bath.

The growing increase in the fish farming sector has favored the establishment of bacterial outbreaks caused by Aeromonas hydrophila in several species. The hexane extract of Hesperozygis ringens (HEHR) (Lamiaceae) leaves increased the survival rate of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) experimentally infected by A. hydrophila. However, it is noteworthy that no reports have been found on the possible mechanisms of action of this extract in infected fish. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the HEHR, administered through single immersion bath, on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defenses in muscle and liver tissue of silver catfish challenged with A. hydrophila. The results showed that the oxidative status of silver catfish was altered, although oxidative stress was not triggered during the experiment. HEHR at 30 mg/L (HEHR30) was not characterized as a pro-oxidant agent in the presence of infection, unlike florfenicol and HEHR at 15 mg/L treatments in some cases. In short, HEHR30 provided an important increase in hepatic catalase activity, characterizing one of the possible mechanisms involved in the greater survival of fish experimentally infected by A. hydrophila. Additionally, HEHR30 did not induce lipid peroxidation, nor reduced antioxidant defenses of silver catfish infected or not by A. hydrophila.

Effects of catfish oil and Curcuma longa L. extract on ApoB levels and atherosclerosis risk indicators in metabolic syndrome rats

The increase in ApoB levels, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and castelli risk index I-II (CRI) is prediction of cardiovascular disease in metabolic syndrome. Lipid peroxidation could initiate the process of atherosclerosis and involved in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. Dietary fish oil and extract of Curcuma has been shown to beneficially reducing effect of atherosclerosis and lipid peroxidation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Catfish Oil and Curcuma longa Linn extract on ApoB levels and lipid ratios as protective nutraceutical for metabolic syndrome. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups namely HC (healthy control), HFFD (High-Fat High-Fructose Diet), and intervention group P1 (High-Fat High-Fructose Diet + Catfish Oil 0.08 ml/gr/day), P2 (High-Fat High-Fructose Diet + Curcuma longa linn extract 5.04 mg/gr/day), and P3 with High-Fat High-Fructose Diet + combination of both. HFFD was used to induced metabolic syndrome. ApoB levels were measured by the Immunoturbidimetric and lipid levels with ELISA method. Lipid ratios was calculated by AIP (log TG/HDL), and the CRI I-II (TC/HDL,LDL/HDL). The study was showed significantly reduced (p=<0.05) the ApoB levels, AIP and CRI in intervention group. The coefficient value was showed that every increase in ApoB levels against AIP and CRI there was an increase of 35.309mg/dl. In conclusion, combination of both may decrease levels of ApoB, and atherosclerosis risk indicators in metabolic syndrome rats.

Penambahan Bubuk Ekstrak Ikan Haruan (Channa Striata) terhadap Kekuatan Tekan dan Perubahan Warna Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) Tipe II Secara In Vitro

This study aims to prove the effect of adding haruan fish extract powder (Channa striata) on increasing the strength of type II Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) filling materials. The method used is a laboratory experimental method with a post-test-only control group design approach. There are 6 treatment groups, namely the addition of 10mg, 20mg, 30mg, 40mg, 50mg, and without addition (pure). This research was conducted at the Dental Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry Study Program, Mulawarman University and PT. Sucofindo Samarinda. The study was conducted from August 2022 to March 2023. The results showed that the greatest compressive strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) was found in pure glass ionomer cement (GIC) without the addition of haruan fish extract which showed a compressive strength value of 37.0 MPa. The more amount of haruan fish extract powder added, the lower the strength of the glass ionomer cement will be. There is a difference in compressive strength between pure glass ionomer cement (GIC) without haruan fish extract powder and glass ionomer cement (GIC) with haruan fish extract. In conclusion, Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) type II without the addition of fish extract powder must have the greatest compressive strength compared to the addition of 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg, and 50 mg. The addition of haruan fish extract powder decreased the strength of the glass ionomer cement and no color change occurred. 
 
 Keywords: Haruan Fish Extract Powder, Glass Ionomer Cement, Compressive Strength