Sucrose Extraction Research Articles

흑찰거대배아미를 이용한 팝라이스와 흑미차의 품질 특성

Research and Development Bureau, RDA, Jeonju 560-500, KoreaReceived October 17, 2014/Revised November 23, 2014/Accepted November 26, 2014Recently developed black waxy rice with a giant embryo (‘Nunkeunheukchal’, BGE) was selected and processed to produce high quality nutritional food. BGE contains high levels of several phytochem-icals with antioxidant activities, as well as other reported health beneficial properties. In addition, the giant embryo has high protein, lipid, and amino acids contents. Within the free amino acids, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, has long been used for treating the aftereffects of brain injuries and stroke. A method for manufacturing pop-rice and black rice tea by popping process in BGE is provided to increase a taste, nutrition and functionality. The produced ‘pop-rice’ showed increased protein (11.3%) and lipid (3.7%) contents compared with control variety, IB (‘Ilmibyeo’). In addition, melanoidin related products, polyphenol and functional amino acid con-tents were increased by the popping process. Pop-rice tea made of BGE showed the highest extraction of total sugar, glucose, raffinose and sucrose (4 times higher than brown rice) by hot water. Scavenging activity (SC

Dual-porosity model of solute diffusion in biological tissue modified by electroporation

In many electroporation applications mass transport in biological tissue is of primary concern. This paper presents a theoretical advancement in the field and gives some examples of model use in electroporation applications. The study focuses on post-treatment solute diffusion.We use a dual-porosity approach to describe solute diffusion in electroporated biological tissue. The cellular membrane presents a hindrance to solute transport into the extracellular space and is modeled as electroporation-dependent porosity, assigned to the intracellular space (the finite rate of mass transfer within an individual cell is not accounted for, for reasons that we elaborate on). The second porosity is that of the extracellular space, through which solute vacates a block of tissue.The model can be used to study extraction out of or introduction of solutes into tissue, and we give three examples of application, a full account of model construction, validation with experiments, and a parametrical analysis. To facilitate easy implementation and experimentation by the reader, the complete derivation of the analytical solution for a simplified example is presented.Validation is done by comparing model results to experimentally-obtained data; we modeled kinetics of sucrose extraction by diffusion from sugar beet tissue in laboratory-scale experiments. The parametrical analysis demonstrates the importance of selected physicochemical and geometrical properties of the system, illustrating possible outcomes of applying the model to different electroporation applications. The proposed model is a new platform that supports rapid extension by state-of-the-art models of electroporation phenomena, developed as latest achievements in the field of electroporation.

Optimizing Established Processes like Sugar Extraction from Sugar Beets – Design of Experiments versus Physicochemical Modeling

AbstractExtraction of sugar from sugar beets is a process optimized over decades based on experience gathered during production. This process improvement is achieved without any systematic approach for optimization which raised the question whether such a mature process can be further optimized effectively, applying methods developed in the last decade like statistical experiment design or physicochemical modeling. Viable areas of operation for the respective approaches will be assessed and discussed using the example of sucrose extraction from sugar beet. Operating conditions are optimized regarding extraction kinetics and equilibrium behavior. Physicochemical modeling, however, requires detailed information on phase equilibria, fluid dynamics, and mass transfer effects. Here, the phase ratio can be identified as a sensitive parameter and process performance like the HETP (high equivalent of a theoretical plate) value can be enhanced. Therefore, the volumetric productivity serves as indicator. Potentials of process design and process optimization by a combination of statistical design of experiments and physicochemical modeling approaches are assessed, and respective possibilities and limitations are discussed.

RB965902 and RB965917 Early/medium maturing sugarcane varieties

The varieties RB965902 and RB965917 were developed for harvesting at the beginning to the middle of the sucrose extraction period (early/medium maturity) and released for the South-Central region of Brazil. In specific environments, the tons of Pol per area (sucrose yield) of these varieties is higher than of the commercial standard RB855453 and they are resistant to the main diseases of the crop.

Reserve mobilization during imbibition of stored Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud. (Leguminosae - Papilionoideae) seeds

Gliricidia sepium is a drought-tolerant species, easily multiplied by seeds, and has been exploited by farmers as a source of forage in the semi-arid region of northeast Brazil. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of seed storage on the mobilization of reserves during imbibition of "Gliricidia" seeds. Freshly-harvested seeds were packed in kraft paper bags and stored for three and six months in the laboratory under ambient conditions (25 º C ± 3 T and 75% ± 3 RH). Cotyledons were isolated from imbibed seeds and macerated for the extraction and quantification of total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, sucrose and starch, as well as of proteins, amino acids and for amylase activity. Storage under these conditions resulted in an increase in seed water content although germination remained at relatively high levels (86%). Seed macromolecule levels showed significant variation with the storage period and imbibition and these variations were associated with a loss in seed viability due to inadequate storage conditions.

Extraction of Sucrose from the Rest of Sorting Deglet Nour Variety and Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Invertase

Extraction of Sucrose from the Rest of Sorting Deglet Nour Variety and Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Invertase

Pilot study of countercurrent cold and mild heat extraction of sugar from sugar beets, assisted by pulsed electric fields

This study describes experiments on pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted water extraction of sugar from sugar beet using a pilot countercurrent extractor with 14 extraction sections. Cossettes were prepared from sugar beet by industrial knives and PEF treatment of the cossettes was done with electric field strength E varied between 100 and 600 V/cm. The total time of PEF treatment was t PEF = 50 ms. The effects of the main extraction parameters (temperature of extracting water and draft) on the extraction kinetics, as well as on the juice and cossette (pulp) characteristics, were investigated. The temperature of extraction from PEF-treated cossettes was varied from 30 to 70 °C; the draft was varied from 120 to 90%. The principal possibility of cold (at 30 °C) and moderate thermal (50–60 °C) extraction of sucrose from sugar beet cossettes treated by PEF was confirmed on the pilot countercurrent extractor. The purity of the juice obtained by cold and moderate thermal extraction was not lower than the purity of juice obtained by conventional hot water diffusion at 70 °C. The sugar beet pulp can be well exhausted by cold or mild thermal extraction of cossettes treated by PEF. Decrease of draft to 100–90% permitted increasing of the extracted juice concentration, but the cossettes were worse exhausted. The pulp obtained by cold extraction of PEF-treated cossettes had dryness >30%, which was noticeably higher than dryness of the pulp obtained by conventional hot water extraction technique.

Post-harvest biology of sugarcane

Cutting of the sugarcane stalk at harvest disrupts the physiology of the plant. The altered balance amongst plant functions that results from cutting leads to changes in the composition of the stalk, many of which are undesirable. These negative effects are worsened by increased duration of the period between harvest and sucrose extraction, as well as by high ambient temperature. In addition to physiological changes within the stalk, damage to the stalk during harvesting provides entry points for microbes (bacteria and fungi) that occur naturally in the environment. Many of these microbes grow well in the sucrose-rich stalk, using the sugars as an energy source, while producing metabolic by-products that cause processing problems in the mill and refinery. Post-harvest physiology and microbiology of the sugarcane stalk are currently being studied at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute (SASRI) to determine the effects of harvesting on sucrose and hexose (glucose and fructose) levels, the growth of microbes in the stalk and the appearance of undesirable by-products of microbial metabolism. The information will ultimately be used in the development of mathematical models to quantify and predict the effects of harvest-to-crush delays on stakeholder profitability.

Enhancement of the solid-liquid extraction of sucrose from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) by pulsed electric fields

Abstract A systematic study of the impact of pulsed electric fields (PEF) parameters (1–7 kV/cm, 5–40 pulses, specific energy of 0.006–0.19 kJ/kg per pulse, pulse frequency of 1–10 Hz, pulse width of 2–5 μs, square and exponential decay pulses) on the kinetics of the sucrose extraction from sugar beet at different temperatures (20–70 °C) has been carried out in this investigation. The efficiency of the solid-liquid extraction was independent of the frequency, as well as of the pulse width, and the pulse shape at 7 kV/cm, and it was influenced by the electric field strength applied and by the temperature of the extracting medium. Sucrose yield increased with both field strength, time of extraction, and temperature. The effect of the field strength was higher the lower the temperature. The application of 20 pulses at 7 kV/cm (3.9 kJ/kg) increased the maximum yield by 7 and 1.6 times, compared to non-PEF-treated samples, at 20 and 40 °C, respectively. A mathematical expression was generated, which enabled to evaluate the influence of the electric field strength (from 0 to 7 kV/cm) and temperature (from 20 to 70 °C) on the sucrose extraction efficiency and the extracting time in a solid-liquid PEF-assisted sucrose extraction process. Based on this equation, for 80%-sucrose extraction in 60 min, the temperature could be reduced from 70 °C to 40 °C, when 20 pulses of 7 kV/cm were applied.

Simultaneous Extraction and Enzymatic Quantification of Glucose, Sucrose, and Ethanol in Fermenting Yeasted Dough

Cereal ChemistryVolume 85, Issue 4 p. 530-533 Note Simultaneous Extraction and Enzymatic Quantification of Glucose, Sucrose, and Ethanol in Fermenting Yeasted Dough Simon M. Loveday, Simon M. Loveday Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Manawatu Mail Centre, New Zealand.Search for more papers by this authorRay J. Winger, Corresponding Author Ray J. Winger r.j.winger@massey.ac.nz Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102904, North Shore Mail Centre, New Zealand. Corresponding author. Phone +64 9 443 9733. Fax +64 9 443 9711. E-mail address: r.j.winger@massey.ac.nzSearch for more papers by this author Simon M. Loveday, Simon M. Loveday Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Manawatu Mail Centre, New Zealand.Search for more papers by this authorRay J. Winger, Corresponding Author Ray J. Winger r.j.winger@massey.ac.nz Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Private Bag 102904, North Shore Mail Centre, New Zealand. Corresponding author. Phone +64 9 443 9733. Fax +64 9 443 9711. E-mail address: r.j.winger@massey.ac.nzSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 July 2008 https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM-85-4-0530Citations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume85, Issue4July/August 2008Pages 530-533 RelatedInformation

Quantification of Phytophthora capsici Oospores in Soil by Sieving-Centrifugation and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

A procedure was developed to quantify Phytophthora capsici oospores in soil by combining a sieving-centrifugation method and a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) assay. Five soil samples representing three different soil textures were infested with oospores of P. capsici to produce 101, 102, 103, 104, or 105 spores per 10 g of air-dried soil. Each 10-g sample of infested soil was suspended in 400 ml of water and then passed through 106-, 63-, and 38-μm metal sieves. The filtrate was then passed through a 20-μm mesh filter. Materials caught on the filter were washed with water into two 50-ml centrifuge tubes and spun for 4 min (900 × g). The pellet was suspended in 30 ml of 1.6 M sucrose solution and centrifuged for 45 s (190 × g). The supernatant was passed through the 20-μm mesh filter. The sucrose extraction process of oospores was repeated five times to maximize oospore extraction. Materials caught on the 20-μm mesh filter were washed with water into a 50-ml tube and spun for 4 min (900 × g). The pellet was suspended in 1 ml of water, and the number of oospores was determined with a haemocytometer. The relationship between number of oospores recovered from the soil and number of oospores incorporated into the soil was Ŷ = -0.95 + 1.31X - 0.03X2 (R2 = 0.98), in which Ŷ = log10 of number of oospores recovered from the soil and X = log10 of number of oospores incorporated into the soil. The oospores were germinated after treatment with 0.1% KMnO4 solution for 10 min to induce germination. On the basis of the detection of ribosomal DNA, a QPCR method for P. capsici oospores was developed. PCR inhibitors were eliminated by extracting oospores from the soil by sieving-centrifugation. DNA was extracted and quantified from P. capsici oospores with suspensions of 101, 101.5, 102, 102.5, 103, 103.5, 104, 104.5, and 105 oospores per ml of water. The relationship between the DNA quantities and number of P. capsici oospores was Ŷ = -3.57 - 0.54X + 0.30X2 (R2 = 0.93), in which Ŷ = log10 (nanogram of P. capsici DNA) and X = log10 (number of oospores). The relationship between the quantity of DNA of P. capsici oospores recovered from the soil and the number of oospores incorporated into the soil was determined by Ŷ = -3.53 - 0.73X + 0.32X2 (R2 = 0.955, P < 0.05), in which Ŷ = log10 (DNA quantity of P. capsici oospores recovered from the soil) and X = log10 (number of P. capsici oospores incorporated into the soil). Utilizing the sieving-centrifugation and QPCR methods, oospores of P. capsici were quantified in soil samples collected from commercial fields.

Management of ash/impurity ratio in sugarcane: relative effects of genotypes, and N and K fertiliser rates

In sugarcane juice or raw sugar, ash refers to soluble inorganic salts. The ratio of ash/impurity is important because high levels reduce sucrose extraction in sugar mills and the market value of raw sugar. The aim of research reported here was to examine, through a series of field experiments, the effects of genotypes and varying N and K fertiliser application rates on ash and ash/impurity levels. Ash levels were estimated via conductivity measurements, following prior studies indicating close relationships between conductivity and ash. Significant variation due to genotypes for conductivity/impurity levels was observed, with a range of about ±25% around the mean. Despite this variation, broad-sense heritability of conductivity/impurity levels on unselected genotypes on the basis of measurements in one environment were low (0.20), suggesting that selection in early phases of selection systems in breeding programs would probably be of limited value. However, it was recommended that measurements on conductivity/impurity ratio be made in multi-environment trials for genotypes being tested for commercial release, to assist in comprehensive economic evaluation. On average it was found that conductivity/impurity levels increased by 15% per 100 kg/ha of applied K, highlighting potential costs of high rates of K fertiliser. Increased N rates had a significant but small effect on reducing conductivity/impurity levels by ~10% per additional 100 kg/ha of applied N. The information reported here may be used to help develop optimal strategies for cultivar selection in sugarcane breeding programs and for developing recommendations for optimal fertiliser management, and some guidelines in relation to this are discussed.

EPR of gamma irradiated solid sucrose and UV spectra of its solution. An attempt for calibration of solid state/EPR dosimetry

A simple new approach for independent calibration of solid state/EPR (SS/EPR) dosimetry system is reported. It is based on the fact that: (i) gamma-irradiation of solid sucrose (sugar) induces stable EPR detectable free radicals accompanied by UV detectable brown colour stable in the solid state and in solution; (ii) both the EPR intensity of gamma-irradiated solid sucrose and its solution UV absorbance linearly depend on the absorbed dose high energy radiation and may be independently used for dosimetric purpose; (iii) UV spectrometers are calibrated. The correlation between EPR response and absorbed dose radiation of solid sucrose and UV absorption of its solutions is used in the present communication for calibration purpose. The procedure of sucrose extraction from sucrose-paraffin dosimeters is described. The calibration procedure may be applied to any other (alanine, self-calibrated, etc.) SS/EPR dosimeters, simultaneously irradiated with sucrose.

Comparison of methods for protein extraction from pine needles

Extraction of proteins from pine needles for proteomic analysis has long been a challenge for scientists. We compared three different protein extraction methods including sucrose, Tris-HCl and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone (TCA method) to determine their efficiency in separating pine needle proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and two-dimensional PAGE (2D-PAGE). Proteins were then separated by SDS-PAGE. Among three methods the method using sucrose extraction buffer showed the highest efficiency and highest quality in separating proteins. In addition, clearer and more stable strips were detected by SDS-PAGE using sucrose extraction buffer. When the proteins extracted using sucrose extraction buffer were separated by 2D-PAGE, more than 300 protein spots, with isoelectric points (PI) ranging from 4.0 to 7.0 and molecular weights (MW) from 6.5 to 97.4 kD, were observed. This confirmed that the method with sucrose extraction buffer was an efficient and reliable method for extracting proteins from pine needles.

MULTI-VARIATE ANALYSIS OF FRICTIONAL INTERACTION BETWEEN GROOVED ROLLERS AND PREPARED SUGARCANE

The Australian sugar industry utilizes rolling almost exclusively for extraction of sucrose from preparedsugarcane. The feeding and extraction performance of rolling mills is strongly dependent on the friction coefficient betweencounter-rotating rolls and the fibro-porous sugarcane blanket. Rolls are circumferentially grooved and roughened with welddroplets to assist juice drainage and maximize friction between rolls and blanket. Previous investigators have performedexperimental measurements of the friction coefficient between metal surfaces and prepared cane or bagasse. This articledevelops a multi-variate empirical regression equation based on the experimental measurements of previous investigatorsto describe the dependence of the interfacial friction coefficient on normal pressure, groove angle, and relative rubbing speed.The friction coefficient was found to decrease exponentially with increasing normal pressure, decrease linearly withincreasing rubbing speed, and increase with decreasing groove angle in accordance with simple wedge theory.

Association of quality character with cane and commercial cane sugar yields in sugarcane

The present investigation was carried out to study the association of quality characters with cane and commercial cane sugar yields in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. complex). It was found that cane yield had nonsignificant negative correlations with juice brix juice sucrose juice purity and extraction percents, whereas its association with commercial cane sugar yield was highly significant positive. Commercial cane sugar yield had nonsignificant positive correlations with juice brix, juice sucrose, juice purity and commercial cane sugar percents. Path coefficient analysis revealed maximum direct effects of commercial cane sugar per cent and juice sucrose per cent on cane and commercial cane sugar yields. It is suggested that quality characters should also be taken into consideration in clonal selection programme for evolving improved sugarcane genotypes.

Sugar Beet Quality Improvement

Abstract More than one-third of the sugar (sucrose) consumed by humans is obtained from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Sucrose extraction begins with the production of a dark opaque juice from strips of sugar beet. This juice is purified with lime and carbon dioxide, thickened by evaporation, and crystallized under a vacuum. Soluble nonsucrose constituents of sugar beet, referred to collectively as impurities, impede sucrose crystallization in normal factory processes. Sucrose concentration and the ratio of sucrose to total soluble solids (sucrose plus impurities) determine processing quality of sugar beet. Among the more important impurity components are sodium, potassium, and amino-nitrogen. Sucrose and impurity concentrations can be altered in breeding programs. However, a negative association between root yield and sucrose concentration and interactions among impurity components and between impurity components and yield or sucrose concentration have complicated breeding efforts. Also, almost any cultural practice may affect the quality of the crop. Nitrogen fertilizer management is a challenge wherever sugar beet is grown. Producers' returns can be increased with proper nitrogen application but even moderate over-fertilization may result in a costly reduction in crop quality. Both producers and processors operate on small profit margins. In this economic environment, producing a high quality crop is a necessity.

Effects of mammary engorgement and feed withdrawal on microvascular function in lactating goat mammary glands.

The responses of the mammary microvasculature in lactating goats (n = 8) during feed withdrawal (18-20 h) and mammary engorgement (26-28 h of milk accumulation) were compared using an indicator-dilution technique with FITC-albumin and [(14)C]sucrose as the intravascular and diffusible indicators, respectively. Feed withdrawal and mammary engorgement caused a 50-60% decrease in mammary arterial flow and in the permeability-surface area product (PS) values for sucrose. Only feed withdrawal increased the mean transit time [from 17.3 to 30.0 s, SE of the difference (SED) = 2.16, P < 0.01] of FITC-albumin, whereas only mammary engorgement reduced sucrose extraction (0.63 to 0.51, SED = 0.04, P < 0.05). Mammary engorgement also caused a substantial reduction in the sucrose-accessible extravascular space from 92 to 44 ml (SED = 15.2, P < 0.01). In a separate experiment using five goats, milking after mammary engorgement did not immediately restore arterial flow or sucrose extraction, indicating that the effect of milk accumulation was not mediated simply via increased intramammary pressure. In conclusion, feed withdrawal resulted in slower flow in the capillary bed but apparently no change in capillary recruitment, whereas mammary engorgement caused capillary derecruitment.

Evaluation of techniques and suitable sample number for soluble carbohydrate extraction in stem bases of elephantgrass

Methods for extracting soluble carbohydrates were compared, aiming at optimizing sample number and size, for level determination using Teles’ reagent. Oven‐dried ground stem basal segments of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum.) cv. Napier, carbohydrate standards (glucose, maltose, sucrose, and starch), and sample‐standard combinations (CSs) were extracted through the following procedures: (a) REF: reflux for 180 min (in 0.6N HCl); (b) SHA: orbital shaking for 60 min (in 50% ethanol), followed by an acidic hydrolysis (1.2N HCl) in water bath (90–100°C) for 60 min, and neutralization with 5% NaOH; (c) HET: 80% ethanol overnight and water bath for 180 min; (d) ETH: 0.6N HCl (in 80% ethanol) overnight and water bath for 180 min; and (e) DIG: 80% ethanol overnight, addition of 1.2N HCl, and water bath for 60 min. REF yielded the highest extraction level in the elephantgrass sample, followed by ETH and SHA. Levels with HET and DIG were the lowest. However, REF was excessively time consuming and effected starch extraction, being not the best choice for soluble carbohydrate evaluations. HET showed no sucrose extraction and DIG did not perform well with the sample, both being considered not applicable. ETH, although exhibiting a marked sample extraction, showed the poorest standard results, specially with glucose. SHA was found to be the best method, because it was the only one that effected total sugar (except for maltose) and no starch extraction. Results pooled for all treatments revealed non‐significant paired‐mean contrasts between separate and combined (CSs) sample‐standard associations. This indicates that the strategy of carrying out comparisons with standards was appropriate. For the SHA method, the Student's t distribution of the means revealed that the minimum number of samples for maintaining the highest possible precision was 5 replications. On the other hand, increasing sample number up to 9 replications did not improve data precision.

Competitive transport of reducing sugars through a lipophilic membrane facilitated by aryl boron acids

The extraction and competitive transport of fructose, glucose and sucrose through dichloroethane facilitated by combinations of aryl boron acids and tetraalkyl ammonium salts is described. Although extraction abilities of the boron acids are comparable, there are distinct differences in their sugar transport properties. The aqueous solubility of the aryl boron acid is apparently a critical controlling factor of sugar flux. A combination of PBA and aliquat® 336 in the membrane effectively separates fructose from an equimolar mixture of fructose, glucose and sucrose, despite extraction experiments displaying comparable extraction of glucose and fructose.