Extraction Of Organic Molecules Research Articles

Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents in Sample Preparation and Extraction of Organic Molecules.

The use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) is on the rise worldwide because of the astounding properties they offer, such as simplicity of synthesis and utilization, low-cost, and environmental friendliness, which can, without a doubt, replace conventional solvents used in heaps. In this review, the focus will be on the usage of DES in extracting a substantial variety of organic compounds from different sample matrices, which not only exhibit great results but surpass the analytical performance of conventional solvents. Moreover, the properties of the most commonly used DES will be summarized.

Theoretical study of thermoresponsive dendritic polymeric micelles: Micellar phase control and the extraction of organic molecules by temperature effects

Smart dendritic micelles are stimuli-sensitive dendritic polymeric micelles that combine the characteristics of double-hydrophilic diblock copolymers and hyperbranched dendritic molecules. The micellar phase control of the smart dendritic micelles consisting of Boltorn-H40 hyperbranched dendrimer and poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide)-b-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer (H40-PDEA–PDMA) and their capacity to extract organic molecules in an aqueous environment are explored using dissipative particle dynamics simulations. The mesoscopic outcomes show that the H40-PDEA–PDMA micelles exhibit two consecutive low critical solution temperatures and three specific conformations with a cloud point: (1) stable dendritic micelles with a dendritic-H40 core and double micellar corona (PDEA-PDMA) at room temperature, (2) dendritic micelles with a core-shell (dendrimer-H40-PDEA) and PDMA corona at intermediate temperature, and (3) polymeric particles with a dendritic-H40 core and polymeric double-shell (PDEA-PDMA) at high temperature. The thermal behaviour of smart dendritic micelles is exploited for the extraction of rose bengal organic molecules from an aqueous solution. The extraction process of organic molecules consists of three transitory stages: molecular loading on the dendritic-H40 core, molecular encapsulation via core-shell formation, and the generation of compact polymeric particles with a dendritic-H40 core and polymeric double-shell via a cloud point through temperature effects. All micellar phases and transitory states that include the H40-PDEA–PDMA micelles in the thermal process are analysed in detail. Our simulations are in agreement with the experimental outcomes observed for this smart dendritic material.

ErtlFunctionalGroupsFinder: automated rule-based functional group detection with the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK)

The Ertl algorithm for automated functional groups (FG) detection and extraction of organic molecules is implemented on the basis of the Chemistry Development Kit (CDK). A distinct impact of the chosen CDK aromaticity model is demonstrated by an FG analysis of the ChEMBL database compounds. The average performance of less than a millisecond for a single-molecule FG extraction allows for fast processing of even large compound databases.

Use of liquefied cold temperature dimethyl ether for extraction of pigments from fresh vegetable tissues

Dimethyl ether (DME) is known as a useful precursor to other organic compounds and is a promising alternative fuel without issues of toxicity, production, infrastructure, and transportation as is the case with various other fuels. Recently, DME has attracted the attention of scientists and engineers since it behaves as a subcritical solvent or a low-temperature solvent applicable for the extraction of organic molecules from bio-materials. This paper presents the extraction of chlorophylls and carotenoids from green peel and yellow cortex of Japanese squash, spinach leaves and carrot roots using low-temperature liquefied DME. Spectroscopic and fluorescence analyses of the extracted pigments revealed that chlorophylls were successfully extracted by liquefied DME from green materials (squash peel and spinach leaves). HPLC analysis further confirmed that chlorophylls extracted include both chlorophylls a and b. By using liquefied DME, carotenoids were extracted from all vegetable samples examined. The performance of DME as a novel pigment extracting agent is confirmed in this work and its use as a “green” solvent, as opposed to conventional solvents, for the preparation and extraction of various plant pigments is highly encouraged from an environmental point of view.

Extraction of organic signatures from carbonates and evaporites: from mineral deposits to Mars

The measurement of organic matter in carbonates and evaporites is of value to both the petroleum and minerals industries and has future potential during planetary exploration. Bulk analyses provide basic information on thermal maturity and hydrocarbon prospectivity. Specific analysis of hydrocarbon gases is also related to thermal maturity and has been shown to exhibit patterns related to the distribution of ore mineralization. More advanced analyses rely on extracting hydrocarbons from oil fluid inclusions, which allows the integration of geochemical data with petrography, especially where individual inclusions can be analysed. Data from distinct populations of inclusions can highlight changes in geochemistry with time from a single sample. The extraction of organic molecules from aqueous inclusion fluids will be much more difficult technically but, if achieved, could help to obtain biomolecular data from early Earth samples and from samples retrieved from other planets. This will require very high resolution techniques, including the application of biotechnology to geological samples.

Desorption rate limitation in the extraction of organic molecules from unsaturated soils during soil venting operations

A microscale mathematical model is developed to analyze the desorption rate limited extraction of volatile organic compounds in a soil column. By solving the diffusion equation in the liquid layer around the soil particles and incorporating the effects of slow desorption from the soil surfaces, it is found that the concentration of organics in the effluent is eventually given by the sum of two separate contributions. The first represents the removal of the compounds initially dissolved in the liquid layer by diffusion, providing an exponentially decaying concentration in the effluent. The second represents the removal of the organics, initially adsorbed onto the solid surfaces, by slow desorption producing the long-time tail which has been observed in the effluent concentration during soil vapor extraction. This model was applied to two bench-scale columns packed with soil contaminated by volatile organic compound (VOC) contaminated soil. The simplified results of the mathematical model allow such parameters as the effective diffusion length, area of gas-liquid contact, the desorption rate constant and the equilibrium partition coefficient, for trichloroethylene in the two soil columns to be determined.