Oil Extraction Research Articles

Identifying environmental impacts linked to the production of plant-based spreads in Peru using life cycle assessment

Plant-based spread products, such as margarine, are made up of a combination of diverse ingredients, many times arriving from different parts of the world. This makes their environmental impact challenging to compute. In Latin America, despite efforts in recent years to enlarge the number of food items that have been analyzed from an environmental perspective, many processed products remain unexplored. In this context, the main objective of the current study was to determine the environmental impacts of a set of five plant-based spread products in Peru using life cycle assessment. For this, primary data were collected from the main margarine producer up to the gate of the agroindustrial plant ready for distribution. Methodological choices, such as allocation, the computation of land use changes (LUCs) or agricultural management variability, were an important subset of variables to be considered in the life cycle modeling and accounted for through scenario and sensitivity analyses. Results demonstrated that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to margarine production in Peru range from 1.66 to 6.00 kg CO2eq per kilogram of product, in a similar range to other studies in the literature. LUCs accounted for the highest contribution to GHG emissions, whereas crude oil extraction, as well as on field fertilizer emissions were the other main contributors. In other impact categories, plant protection agents were relevant in toxicity indicators, fertilization in eutrophication and transport in air quality-related categories. These results constitute a benchmark for the production of plant-based products in Latin America and are useful for attaining cleaner production, as well as for the optimization of ingredients and packaging design.

Design of Intelligent Control Systems for Layered Water Injections in Oilfields

With rapid socio-economic growth and increased energy demand, exploration and exploitation of oil and gas resources have become crucial. Long-term exploitation leads to problems such as pressure drop and production reduction in oil fields, and water injection technology has become a common method to improve these problems. The traditional direct water injection for oil extraction has problems such as high injection cost and low oil recovery efficiency. Therefore, an intelligent control system for different oilfield reservoirs is needed. This study focuses on the layered water injection intelligent system based on advanced sensor technology, digital signal processing and intelligent algorithms. The article reviews the advantages of layered water injection system and the current research status, designs an intelligent control structure including hardware circuits and modular software processes, and adopts adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm as the core of intelligent control.

Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Composition of Allium sativum Bulb Extracts against Selected Gram-Negative Bacteria

As a result of increasing antibiotics resistance due to multidrug resistance leads to the use of the medicinal plants as alternative antimicrobial agents. The study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Allium sativum bulb extracts against some selected gram-negative bacteria isolates. Allium sativum oil was extracted using Soxhlet extraction procedures; Clinical bacterial isolates were collected from pathology department of General Hospital Potiskum in Yobe state. Isolates were identified using standard methods. Antibacterial activity of different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100) % of oil extract of Allium sativum bulb were investigated against five clinical bacterial isolates including, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Shigella boydii and Klebsiella oxytoca.. The oil extract of the bulbs showed antimicrobial activity against all five clinical isolates. MICs and MBCs were evaluated by broth dilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for all the three oil extracts ranged between 0.5 and 1.0%, while the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) values ranged between 1.0 and 1.5%. Important bioactive constituents were present in the different oil extraction method; alkaloids (for ethanol extracts, 19.04±0.04, for hexane extracts, 20.04±0.14 and for chloroform extracts, 20.04±0.07) and 0.51±0.01were detected for sterols in all the three oil extraction methods while others such as flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenols were not detected. The yield extracts of the oil extract of the bulbs, for hexane were 12.6%, chloroform, 15.2% and ethanol, 16.2%, indicating that ethanol was the better of the three solvents used. The potential applications of Allium sativum oil extracts as natural antimicrobial agents call for the importance of further investigation into their nutritional potential.

Development and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of a nanosponge formulation loaded with Boswellia carterii oil extracts for the enhanced anti-inflammatory activity for the management of respiratory allergies

Abstract Purpose In several nations, it has been known that Boswellia carterii (BC) plants have a long history of usage as an anti-inflammatory medicine. Our current study deals with the study of two different ways of extraction of BC volatile oil and fixed oil as main constituents (Octyl acetate, 46.46% and β-Boswellic acid, 10.21%, respectively), preparation, and evaluation of Nano sponges loaded with either dexamethasone (DEX) or B. carterii volatile/fixed oil mixture. Methods Nano sponges were created utilizing an ultrasound-assisted synthesis method. Using spectrophotometry, the entrapment efficiency (EE%) of drugs in Nano sponges was considered. Several techniques were used to characterize Nano sponges. Results EE% of drugs inside Nano sponges ranged from 99.15 ± 3.50 to 100% ± 4.76%. Particle size of Nano sponges ranged from 59.9 ± 26.3 to 229.2 ± 30.23 nm. Drugs released from Nano sponges bi-phasically according to Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The anti-inflammatory activity of either B. carterii oil mixture or Dexa salt and their Nano formulations (D4 and O1) in the treatment of respiratory allergy were evaluated in rat model mimicking chronic allergic respiratory diseases. Histopathologic examinations and measurement of Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and Interleukin β4 (ILβ4) levels exposed that, the treatment significantly lowered the levels of the inflammatory biomarkers in treated rats and exhibited improved histopathologic profiles when compared to positive control group. Conclusion Boswellia oil and its Nano sponge formulation O1 as well as Dexa salt Nano sponge formulation D4 had promising therapeutic effects on upper and lower respiratory allergic conditions.

Research Progress in Structure Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Small-Molecule Silicone Surfactants.

Silicone surfactants have garnered significant research attention owing to their superior properties, such as wettability, ductility, and permeability. Small-molecular silicone surfactants with simple molecular structures outperform polymeric silicone surfactants in terms of surface activity, emulsification, wetting, foaming, and other areas. Moreover, silicone surfactants with small molecules exhibit a diverse and rich molecular structure. This review discusses various synthetic routes for the synthesis of different classes of surfactants, including single-chain, "umbrella" structure, double chain, bolaform, Gemini, and stimulus-responsive surfactants. The fundamental surface/interface properties of the synthesized surfactants are also highlighted. Additionally, these surfactants have demonstrated enormous potential in agricultural synergism, drug delivery, mineral flotation, enhanced oil recovery, separation, and extraction, and foam fire-fighting.

Enzyme-assisted extraction of essential oil from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao ex H. W. Li and anxiolytic activity

Enzyme-assisted extraction of essential oil from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum (Gamble) N. Chao ex H. W. Li and anxiolytic activity

Unraveling the effect of phenolic extract derived from olive mill solid wastes on agro-physiological and biochemical traits of pomegranate and its associated rhizospheric soil properties

Agricultural waste management poses a significant challenge in circular economy strategies. Olive mill wastes (OMW) contain valuable biomolecules, especially phenolic compounds, with significant agricultural potential. Our study evaluate the effects of phenolic extract (PE) derived from olive mill solid wastes (OMSW) on pomegranate agro-physiological and biochemical responses, as well as soil-related attributes. Pomegranate plants were treated with PE at doses of 100 ppm and 200 ppm via foliar spray (L100 and L200) and soil application (S100 and S200). Results showed increased biomass with PE treatments, especially with soil application (S100 and S200). Proline and soluble sugar accumulation in leaves suggested plant adaptation to PE with low-level stress. Additionally, PE application reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Higher doses of PE (S200) significantly improved net photosynthesis (Pn), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUEi), and photosynthetic efficiency (fv/fm and PIabs). Furthermore, PE treatments enhanced levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity. Soil application of PE also increased soil enzyme activities and microbial population. Our findings suggest the beneficial impact of PE application on pomegranate agro-physiological responses, laying the groundwork for further research across various plant species and soil types to introduce nutrient-enriched PE as an eco-friendly biostimulant.

The size of the offshore sector in the Norwegian economy

ABSTRACT Writers on Norwegian economic history often claim that industries related to the sea played a major role in the Norwegian economy for centuries. However, little has been done to quantify this sector’s contribution to the economy. The present paper seeks to quantify the size of the key offshore industries compared to GDP and exports. To do so it has been necessary to draw on new historical national account calculations and export data in addition to compute new series Based on these calculations we find that the offshore sector made up a significant part of Norwegian GDP, and a dominant part of exports, 1816–2021. As a share of the total economy the sector’s traditional industries, i.e. fishing ari and ocean transport were in sum stable until the late 1950s in the long-run. Thereafter they shrunk rapidly, when the takeoff of the new offshore industry, oil and gas extraction from the continental shelf from the 1970s, made the offshore economy reach new heights in the decades to follow. This paper quantifies this development.

Effect of Mix Ratio and Curing Water on the Strength of Oil Palm Shell Aggregate Concrete

Concrete is one oldest construction. The production of concrete consumes a large amount of natural resources. As a step in ensuring the availability of resources for future generations, it is necessary to adopt engineering practices which focus on the conversation of non-renewable resources and energy such as oil palm shell. The government has indicated a growing concern for protecting the environment and the need to preserve natural resources using alternative materials, such as recycled or waste materials. Malaysia is the one of the largest palm oil producers and exporter in the world. The palm oil industry has created an environmental pollution due to the production of huge quantities of waste from the oil extraction process such as oil palm shell.

Waterscapes meet socio‐ecological models: A relational framework to examine water insecurity and human health and well‐being

Abstract Water insecurity, the inability to benefit from affordable, adequate, reliable and safe water, is one of the greatest contemporary threats facing humans. While ‘water insecurity’, as a concept, is globally recognized and serves an essential function in policymaking, it does not capture the multiple, relational connections between Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) and water systems. We contend that studies of water insecurity and health among IPLCs can be improved by applying a systematic approach to the concept of waterscapes. The term waterscape describes the socio‐natural relations between humans and water. To make examining waterscapes more systematic and to draw attention to the importance of health within waterscapes, we use a four‐tiered socio–ecological approach to describe the multi‐level interactions between IPLCs and local water systems in the Amazonian watershed. We then apply this four‐tiered model to the case of the Belo Monte dam in the Brazilian Amazon to identify the specific health impacts of disrupting the Xingu River waterscape. Applying the four‐tiered socio‐ecological approach to the Belo Monte case study showed that this dam led to flooding and compromised water quality that local people associated with an increased risk for chronic health conditions, such as kidney and renal diseases, and vector‐borne diseases, such as dengue. Displacement due to the dam threatened food security, economic security, community cohesion and the cultural survival of multiple IPLCs along the Xingu river. Our approach uncovers not only the direct consequences of the dam on water insecurity but also the broader implications for community well‐being and cultural integrity, addressing the diverse challenges arising from human‐water interactions. The four‐tiered approach for assessing waterscapes offers a framework that enables a comprehensive examination of the intricate relations between water and humans. While there are overlaps among the levels, this framework is applicable to other situations where mining, oil extraction and the construction of hydrovías are substantially altering local waterscapes. Tools such as this one can promote more meaningful engagement between researchers, policymakers, and IPLCs in defining the range of outcomes to be considered in social and environmental impact assessments. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

Optimized extraction and nanoencapsulation of artemisia essential oils: A comprehensive analysis of bioactives and structural characterization

This study pertains to essential oil extraction from Artemisia absinthium L and a comparison of multiple extraction techniques. Ultrasound-assisted extraction emerged as the superior method, demonstrating remarkable extract recovery in contrast to microwave and hydrodistillation approaches. Bioactive compounds within the extracted Artemisia essential oils were meticulously identified through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS), shedding light on the chemical composition. Furthermore, we employed maltodextrin nanoparticles as a sophisticated nanocarrier for encapsulating the extracted oil. Our investigation encompassed various maltodextrin-to-artemisia extract ratios (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30), revealing encapsulation efficiencies of 75.21%, 78.23%, and 85.24%, respectively. Characterization of the nanoencapsulated powders through scanning electron microscopy unveiled their distinctive irregular morphology. X-ray diffraction (XRD), full width at half maximum for artemisia extract powder and nanoencapsulated powder were 0.12, 8.2, 8.70, and 8.89 and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), typical bands were 1348, 1625, 1596, 1614, 2920 cm−1. XRD and FTIR analyses furnished compelling evidence of successful encapsulation, presenting the artemisia extract in an amorphous state. Notably, the XRD patterns indicated a low degree of crystallinity, affirming the innovative nature of our approach. Significantly, the encapsulated powders retained the characteristic absorption bands of the artemisia extract, underscoring the preservation of its essential chemical properties throughout the encapsulation process.

Sustainable fish oil extraction from catfish visceral biomass: A comparative study between high-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound on wet rendering process

Traditional wet rendering leads to the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish oil. Therefore, we combined this method with high-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound to extract oil from Clarias magur visceral biomass. This way, we aimed to achieve higher oil yield, shorter extraction times, and a better preservation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. High-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound increased the oil yields by 9.17 and 10.55%, respectively, compared to traditional wet rendering. The oil quality was also improved, with lower acid and peroxide values. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed enhanced cell disruption for increasing the oil extraction efficiency. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy also proved the efficacy of homogenization and ultrasound pretreatment in enhancing the extraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids from C. magur visceral biomass. Their content showed a significant variation among different extraction methods. Specifically, the high-frequency ultrasound method resulted in a notable 15.1% increase, while the high-shear homogenization method demonstrated a significant 13.3% increase, compared to the wet rendering method (control). The oil extracted by the high-frequency ultrasound method demonstrated a 7.5% increase in eicosatetraenoic acid and a 11.7% increase in docosahexaenoic acid, as compared to the oil obtained from the control method. High-shear homogenization and high-frequency ultrasound shortened the extraction time and reduced the temperature requirements for oil extraction from wet biomass. These techniques have potential for efficient fish oil extraction, valuable in the healthcare and food industries.

Oil-based extraction as an efficient method for the quantification of microplastics in environmental samples

BackgroundWastewater treatment plant outlets are a major source of microplastics, with more than 90% retained in sewage sludge. No standardised method for the extraction, quantification, and characterisation of microplastics in sewage sludge or soil exists, and direct comparison of studies is often impossible. Our aim was to validate oil extraction efficiency with and without pre-treatment with Fenton’s reagent of selected microplastics in various types of environmental samples (sewage sludge and organic-rich substrates).ResultsOxidation with Fenton’s reagent removed up to 90% of organic material, which improves the recovery rate and made quantification and characterisation easier and more reliable, regardless of type, shape, size, or density of the selected microplastic particles used in this study. Pre-treatment, as a pre-step of the oil extraction method, was shown to be important in reducing organic matter in all environmental samples, including sewage sludge and organic-rich substrates. It also improved the reliability of the selected method, shortened its duration, and, by reducing organic matter, made extracted microplastics more visible. The recovery rate was better for particles 1–5 mm and lower for particles 0.1 < 1 mm.ConclusionsBy achieving up to a 100% recovery rate for certain types of microplastics (polypropylene and polystyrene), the selected method proved to be a promising extraction method. It was also shown to be efficient in the organic-rich substrates, for which the characterisation of microplastic particles was done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The most commonly detected types of microplastics in organic-rich substrates were polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and polyester.

Oil from crambe seeds treated with different resistance inducers: Oil yield and chemical characterization

This study aimed to carry out the extraction and chemical characterization of oil from crambe treated with resistance inducers during its cultivation to promote greater efficiency in the defense system of plants. For this purpose, Agromos® and Ecolife® inducers were applied at rates of 0.5 and 1.0 L hectare−1 during crambe cultivation. Crambe seed oil was obtained in a Soxhlet extractor using n-hexane as a solvent and the oils were characterized in terms of fatty acid composition and minority compound contents (phytosterol and tocopherol). The oil obtained from seeds without the application of inducers (control) was also characterized. We determine the oxidative stability of oils with inducer application that presented higher minority compound contents. Crambe seeds that received the treatment with the Agromos® resistance inducer had higher oil content. However, in general, the fatty acid profile of the obtained oils was similar and showed a predominance of erucic and oleic acids (which represent ~82% of the composition). The application of the Agromos® inducer allowed obtaining seeds that provided oil with higher contents of phytosterols and tocopherols and higher oxidative stability.

Study on Oil Extraction Characteristics in Micropores of a Typical Terrestrial Shale Reservoir in China by CO2 Injection and Surfactant Imbibition

Study on Oil Extraction Characteristics in Micropores of a Typical Terrestrial Shale Reservoir in China by CO₂ Injection and Surfactant Imbibition

Economic Analysis of Palm Kernel Nut Processing: Evidence from Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria

Prior to ramping up advocacy for palm kernel nut processing as a means to diversify livelihood source, it becomes germane to look into the economic analysis of palm kernel nut processing as a way of proffering empirical based evidence on the status of the enterprise. The study was conducted in Ipokia Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria. To select 40 palm kernel processors for the study, a multistage sampling approach was used. The study employed both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings showed that the majority of processors were engaged in the extraction of palm kernel cake and oil from palm kernel nuts. Profit realized from the extraction of oil and cracking of palm kernel nut per ton per week was ₦57, 378.66 (USD 145.26) and ₦24, 775.11 (USD 62.72) with a return on investment of 1.37 and 1.32 respectively. Thus, the enterprise is profitable. In addition, the regression analysis showed that household size (p

Process kinetics optimization for extraction of essential oil from the peel of Citrus sinensis for the development of food packaging film

AbstractThe goals of the present work were to achieve maximum extraction efficiency from Citrus sinensis peel and effective utilization of its bioactive compounds. This work focused on studying the physicochemical characteristics and yield percentage of citrus essential oil (CEO) extracted from citrus peels at different extraction times, extraction temperatures, solid–liquid ratios, and solvent combinations, and the data of yield percentage was subjected to find the best kinetic model for better yield. C. sinensis peel powder was subjected to Soxhlet extraction of essential oil at varied solid:liquid ratios (1/2, 1/4, 1/6, 1/8, and 1/10), time intervals in minutes (120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, and 280), temperatures (50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100°C), and solvents (n‐hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water) to characterize their impact on yield percentage. The essential oil extraction kinetics were assessed using the experimental data and two different kinetic models (zero‐order and first‐order kinetic model). The bioactive compounds were assessed using GC–MS, as well. Amongst the other solvents, maximum extraction yield was observed at 90°C for 270 min using n‐hexane. GC–MS results showed that d‐limonene was the predominant compound constituting 41.41%. A good agreement between applied kinetic models and experimental data was demonstrated by the first‐order model (R2 = .9830) and the zero‐order kinetic model (R2 = .9719). Thus, the effective conditions for maximum extraction yield of CEO peels were optimized and the extracted CEO can be used in food packaging applications for shelf‐life extension.Practical applicationsEffective food waste management is vital for promoting sustainable resource usage, reducing environmental impact, saving money and energy, addressing global hunger, and upholding ethical and social responsibilities. It is important to minimize food waste throughout the entire food supply chain. Citrus peels are the by‐products of the citrus fruit processing industry and households which contribute to organic waste and its management is an important consideration for environmental sustainability. Thus, this study aims to manage these wastes by extracting essential oil from them and optimizing their process. The role of Citrus sinensis essential oil in the food industry includes natural flavoring with a consistent flavor profile, versatility in culinary applications, provides a natural and clean label, and are cost‐effective. Also, the universally recognized and enjoyed flavor of C. sinensis makes its essential oil a popular choice for products with broad consumer appeal. However, it is essential to follow regulatory guidelines for food‐grade essential oils and adhere to recommended usage levels. The results of this study have practical implications for improving yield, quality, efficiency, and sustainability of the extracted essential oil in the food industry. The optimized data can positively impact various aspects of food production, by enhancing flavor profiles, reducing the processing time and costs, and thus facilitating scale‐up potential. In addition, proper storage conditions should be maintained to ensure the stability and quality of the extracted essential oil over time.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Citronella Oil Review: Process Optimization, Product Quality, and Applications

This review paper explores the utilization of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction to isolate citronella oil, delving into its multifaceted dimensions, including process optimization, product quality enhancement, and diverse potential applications. Citronella oil, renowned for its myriad bioactive compounds with demonstrated health benefits, is a coveted essential oil in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. The transition from traditional extraction techniques to SC-CO2 extraction presents a paradigm shift due to its manifold advantages, such as heightened yield rates, expedited extraction durations, and elevated product quality. However, the efficacy of SC-CO2 extraction is intricately interwoven with an array of parameters encompassing pressure, temperature, flow rate, particle size, and co-solvent ratios. Accordingly, meticulous process optimization is indispensable in achieving the desired product quality while maximizing yield. Furthermore, the paper explores the extensive spectrum of potential applications for citronella oil, extending its reach into formulations with antimicrobial, insecticidal, and antioxidant properties. These applications underscore the versatility and commercial appeal of citronella oil. The review establishes SC-CO2 extraction of citronella oil as a promising and sustainable alternative to conventional extraction methodologies, offering myriad applications across the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food sectors. This scholarly work provides valuable insights into the intricacies of process optimization and product quality. It outlines future perspectives and avenues for further exploration in SC-CO2 extraction of citronella oil.

Analysis of Fluid-Injection-Induced Seismicity Using a Dynamic Sliding Model Incorporating the Rate- and State-Dependent Friction Law

Summary Earthquakes can be triggered by fluid injection into underground formations. Fluid injection can cause large changes in the underground volume that exert stresses on nearby preexisting faults, leading to seismic activity. Assuming an increase in underground development activities in the future, our understanding of the mechanism underlying induced seismicity must be improved, and methods must be developed to properly assess the risk of seismic events. The objective of this study is to develop a seismicity prediction model that calculates the magnitude and timing of triggered earthquakes or seismic events occurring during various subsurface fluid injection activities. We developed an injection-induced seismicity analysis model that predicts the dynamic earthquake nucleation caused by changes in stress and pore pressure that occur during various subsurface activities. The governing equations consisting of the dynamic motion of the poroelastic spring-slider system, rate and state friction laws and pore pressure diffusion equation were solved using the embedded semi-implicit Runge-Kutta (SIRK) method. The dynamic sliding model was also incorporated into the finite element method (FEM) model, considering the variations in the stresses and pore pressures in the formation. A field case study was also conducted to compare the model results with typical microseismicity responses observed from hydraulic fracturing treatments in shale fields. Contrary to the popular understanding derived from Amonton’s law, the dynamic friction model revealed that a large normal stress on the fault leads to rapid sliding. A larger normal stress accumulates a large amount of elastic energy until it slips owing to fluid injection, nucleating large seismic waves. The poroelastic spring-slider model estimated reasonable microseismic magnitudes for hydraulic fracturing treatment but overestimated the time required to trigger a microseismic event under field conditions. To improve the analysis results, the poroelastic spring-slider model was coupled with a linear elastic FEM that considered the complex interplay of stress changes from hydraulic fracturing and the associated pore pressure variation in the formation. Compared with the field data, the coupled simulation model estimated a reasonable timing for the induced microseismic events when the increasing pore pressure during hydraulic fracturing penetrated deep into the formation. These findings suggest the existence of permeable natural fractures in the formation, which intensify early frictional sliding during treatment. The seismicity prediction model presented in this study simulates the magnitude and timing of seismic nucleation, helping to manage and mitigate the environmental impacts of induced seismicity during various subsurface development activities, such as oil and gas extraction, hydraulic fracturing, geothermal, and carbon dioxide sequestration. Moreover, the case study results imply that the time series of seismic events predicted by the model can be used to understand the possible fracture geometry and extent of fluid invasion for field applications. Key Terms and Phrases induced seismicity, subsurface fluid injection, rate- and state-dependent friction law, embedded semi-implicit Runge-Kutta method, finite element analysis

Impact of porous material and slip condition on the MHD flow of immiscible Couple stress-Newtonian fluids through an inclined channel: Head loss and pressure difference

Nowadays, non-Newtonian and Newtonian non-miscible fluid flow problems are much more effective in real-life physical problems. The understanding of flow behavior of magneto-hydrodynamic non-miscible fluids through a porous region playing an important role in the areas of biochemical sciences, crude oil extraction, transport issues and biomedicine. The aim of the present study is to know the impact of inclination angle of the channel, porous material used in the channel, slip boundary condition and applied magnetic field on the flow variables such as velocity profile, wall shear stress, pressure differences, head loss and volumetric flow rate of the two electrically conducting non-miscible couple stress and Newtonian fluids flowing through an inclined channel occupied with porous material of different porosity and permeability. An inclined channel is divided into two sub-regions of equal width through which the Newtonian and Couple stress fluids flow, respectively. Here, Brinkman’s model has been used to study the flow of immiscible fluid in their respective porous region. The equations that govern the flow of non-miscible fluids are solved using a well-defined analytical method and Mathematica 10.3 software. The present study concludes that the porous materials can be used to control the velocity of immiscible fluids in an inclined channel. It is also concluded from the present study that the use of slip condition promotes the values of velocity, volumetric flow rate, pressure differences and head loss. This work is validated with the previously published research work. Such models can be helpful in industries for filtering or refining immiscible oils.