Extraction Of Natural Dye Research Articles

Ecofriendly process optimization of natural dye extraction from clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) using response surface methodology and artificial neural network modeling

Process optimization through statistical and machine learning techniques has been used as the recent growing interest for the researchers. Current study has been undertaken to optimize the dyeing behavior of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) for cotton under microwave treatment. Response surface methodology and artificial neural network modeling with simplest structure was performed to observe the significance of selected color parameters. The results reveal that if extract and fabric is simulated for optimal MW time then high yield is obtained. For shade development, dyeing of irradiated cotton at 70 °C for 50 min with irradiated extract of 7 pH, using 3 g/100 mL salt has given color fast shades. ISO standard reveal that using selected dyeing conditions with carefully chosen chemical and bio-mordants has possessed good to excellent ratings. Microwave treatment should be used to get effective yield of colorant from clove for cotton dyeing. Additionally the utilization of ecofriendly mordants to make dyeing process greener should be included. It is recommended that artificial neural network model has better predicative capacity for process optimization as compared to response surface methodology.

Optimization and Kinetics Extraction of Natural Dyes from Henna Leaves (Lawsonia inermis L.) with Ultrasonic Assistance

The Lawson dye contained in the leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. has a red-orange color, which can be used as a fabric dye. The solvent is ethanol because it can attract flavonoid compounds bound to Lawson. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction method is employed to enhance the extraction process by breaking down cell walls, thereby facilitating a more rapid extraction of the desired solute. This study investigated the effects of material-to-solvent ratio, ethanol concentration, and extraction time. The research results were analyzed using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer to determine the yield of Lawson extract. The Face-Centered Composite Design (FCCCD) method was applied to this study to obtain optimal analysis results and extraction conditions. The independent variables in this study were the ratio of ingredients to solvent (0.02-0.06 g/g), ethanol concentration (20-60%), and extraction time (5-15 minutes). The optimal extraction conditions were obtained at a ratio of 0.02 g/g, an ethanol concentration of 60%, and an extraction time of 15 minutes, with a predicted model yield of 15.417%. The actual yield under these conditions was found to be 15.4934%. Furthermore, the extraction kinetics model was analyzed to study and predict the optimal Lawson extraction results. Extraction kinetics calculations were carried out using first-order and second-order based on the Lagergren equation. The most suitable extraction kinetic model is second-order with a determinant coefficient value, or the value of R2 is 1, which indicates that the order kinetic model equation represents the actual conditions.

Extraction and Optical Study of Natural Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Application

Extraction and study of the optical properties of natural dyes from several plant parts such as leaves, flowers, tubers, and fruits have been carried out using a simple maceration method and UV-Vis absorption characterization. The samples were divided into several groups in this study, namely the flower group (Tagetes sp., Paeonia sp., Centaure sp., Chrysanthemum sp., Carthamus tinctorius, Gomphrena globosa, Myosotis sylvatica, Lavandula sp., Clitoria ternatea, Matricaria chamomilla, Hibiscus sabdariffa, and Rosa sp.); the leaf group (Mangifera indica, Moringa oleifera, Graptophyllum pictum, Spinacia oleracea, Citrus hystrix, and Terminalia sp.); and the tuber and fruit group (Solanum lycopersicum, Cucurbita moschata, Garcinia mangostana, Curcuma longa, Beta vulgaris, and Caessapina sp.). The extract of natural dyes was successfully produced using a low-cost and simple extraction approach via dehydration, immersion for 2×24 hours in ethanol, and followed by filtration. The optical properties of the dyes in UV and visible light range were observed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer in the wavelength of 400-700 nm. The absorption behaviour showed dominant peaks at different wavelengths for each group. Potentially, to do a combination of dyes (co-sensitization: using more than a dye with different absorption spectra to achieve a panchromatic response) to widen the wavelength absorption for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications.

Exploring the potential of mahogany extract as a natural dye for the coloration of jute fabric

The use of synthetic dyes in the textile industry is mostly non-degradable, which are carcinogenic and pollute the environment severely. Natural dyes have gained significant attention recently due to their potential to mitigate the environmental challenges associated with synthetic colorants. This investigation is centered around the extraction of natural dyes sourced from mahogany trees and the exploration of environmentally friendly techniques for coloring jute fabric. The derived dyes were procured from distinct segments of the mahogany tree: namely, the bark, fruits, and wood remnants. Employing an aqueous extraction methodology, inherent coloring agents were meticulously separated and subsequently applied to jute fabric subsequent to appropriate mordanting employing a variety of mordant categories. An exhaustive assessment encompassing wash, light, rubbing, and perspiration resistance was conducted on jute fabric that was subjected to dyeing using three distinct variants of mahogany tree-derived dyes. Notably, jute fabric treated with wood wastage-sourced dye exhibited commendable to exceptional resistance properties. The efficacy of this dyeing process was further substantiated through diverse characterization techniques, inclusive of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which unequivocally affirmed the successful bonding of mahogany-derived dyes onto the surface of the jute fabric. The textile industry, particularly dyeing operations that use large, designed colors and synthetic chemicals, is wreaking havoc on the sea-going environment by dumping emissions directly into bodies of water. Synthetic colors are commonly used to dye jute fabric, which has major health and environmental consequences. Therefore, concerning the environmental challenges, the dyeing of jute fabric using naturally extracted dyes from mahogany trees can be a suitable alternative to synthetic dyes in the textile industry.

Extraction of Natural Dyes from Polygonum Odoratum Lour as an Alternative Dyeing for Thai Silk Using Diff erent Metal Salt Mordants

Polygonum Odoratum Lour (P. odoratum) is one of the economic indigenous plants, produced annually in huge amounts. Thus, seeking alternate applications for P. odoratum, such as use as a natural dye source, is one of the strategies for reducing market oversupply. The objectives of this research were to study the optimum conditions for natural dye extraction from P. odoratum and to investigate the effect of different metal salt mordants and adding sequence mordant methods in the dyeing silk process. The mordants used were KAl(SO4), CuSO4, and FeSO4 and the adding sequence mordants were pre-, meta-, and post-mordant techniques. When the extracted dyes and measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy, the results showed that the major extracted compounds were rutin, isoquercetin, and quercetin in ethanol solvent. The most suitable dye extraction condition was 15.0 g of P. odoratum powder refl uxed in a solvent of 95% ethanol at 80 °C for 60 min providing the strongest UV-Vis absorption intensity. In terms of the dyeing process, the effect of adding sequence mordant strategies was a stronger infl uence on color strength and fastness washing property than that of the different mordants used. The meta-mordanting technique was the most promising strategy because it gave stronger color strength, shortest drying time, and good fastness properties to the other methods. Overall, this result confi rmed that the extracted dyes from P. odoratum as alternative dyeing for Thai silk were a foreshadowing strategy with the meta-mordanting technique.

Eco-Friendly Dyeing of Tencel Fabric by Using Natural Dye Extracted from Eucalyptus Leaves

The usage of natural dyes as environmentally suitable dyeing methods has extended during the recent years. The prime focus of this research is on the extraction and purification of natural dyes from eucalyptus leaves. With its numerous applications, eucalyptus leaves are highly valued for their diverse application, particularly as a rich source of natural colours. Quercetin is the primary colouring component in eucalyptus leaves. It has been utilized as a food dye with strong antioxidant properties and as an antioxidant. The goal of this research is to dye Tencel fabric using eucalyptus leaf-derived natural dye. The dye was extracted by using an ultrasonic extraction technique. Different ratios of the two mordants copper sulfate and ferrous sulphate were applied. Dyeing was carried out with different temperatures and concentrations and the pre-mordanting method was used for mordanting. The dyed Tencel fabric displayed a good colour strength of (K/S = 4.72), CIELAB values, and good to excellent light fastness (5), wash (4-5), perspiration (4-5), and rubbing (dry and wet = 4-5) fastness properties.

Optimization of Natural Dye Extraction from Coconut Husk

This work aims to optimize the extraction of natural dye from coconut husks for use in the textile industry. The optimization process was carried out using the One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) approach. Before optimization, different parts of the coconut husk i.e., endocarp, exocarp, mesocarp, and a mixture of mesocarp and exocarp were screened for their potential to be used as dye. It was found that the combination of mesocarp and exocarp has the highest potential in terms of physicochemical and phytochemical properties as it resulted in the best yield of extract, pH and colour intensity, and the highest Total Flavonoid Content, Total Phenolic Content, and Total Tannin Content. The optimal parameters to extract dye from coconut husk (combination of mesocarp and exocarps) are particle size of 2 mm, sample to solvent ratio of 1:100, extraction time of 60 min, and a temperature of 100 °C. The dye extract was tested for use on cotton fabric. It was found that regardless of the mordanting method, acetic acid is the best mordant to use. It resulted in a brighter and more intense colour than alum. The usage of acetic acid as the mordant combined with the pre-mordant method was found to be the best for colour fixation of the natural dye from coconut husk on cotton fabric.

Studies on the Diversity of Tannins and Dyes Yielding Plants of Kathua District of J and K, India

Dyes are the manufactured or natural compounds used to color a variety of things. They are derived from many plant parts, including the leaf, stem, bark, rhizome, flower, buds and berries, among others. The diversity of plants that produce tannin and dyes in J and K’s Kathua district is the subject of the current study. The current study provides information on 35 species of tannin and dye-producing plants from 31 genera and 20 families, along with information on their common names, families, components they are used for and their applications. With the aid of locals and the material that was readily available, the trees were recognized. The families such as Fabaceae and Combretaceae were represented by higher number of species. Natural dye-producing plants are extremely important in the socio-economic and socio-cultural lives of ethnic people, and promoting these products in a controlled manner can help to preserve traditional knowledge and local biodiversity. However, it is concerning that indigenous expertise of natural dye extraction, processing, and application has dwindled as a result of the widespread availability of synthetic dyes.

Assessing the bioactive potential of low-cost textile dyes extracted from brown seaweeds and their dyeing properties.

This study focuses on the extraction and dyeing properties of natural fabric dyes derived from brown seaweeds, namely Padina tetrastromatica, Sargassum tenerrimum, and Turbinaria ornata. Various solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water) and mordants (CH3 COOH, FeSO4, and NaHCO3) were used to extract the dyes and achieve different shades with excellent fastness properties. Phytochemical and FTIR analyses were performed to identify the phytochemicals responsible for dyeing. The dyed cotton fabrics exhibited a range of colors based on the mordants and solvents used. Fastness assessments revealed that aqueous and ethanol dye extracts exhibited superior properties compared to acetone and methanol extracts. The influence of mordants on cotton fibers' fastness properties was also evaluated. In addition to the above findings, this study makes a significant contribution to the field by exploring the bioactive potential of natural fabric dyes derived from brown seaweeds. The utilization of these abundant and low-cost seaweed sources for dye extraction provides a sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes, addressing environmental concerns associated with the textile industry. Furthermore, the comprehensive analysis of different solvents and mordants in obtaining various shades and excellent fastness properties enhances our understanding of the dyeing process and opens avenues for further research in the development of eco-friendly textile dyes.

Extraction and dyeing of eco-friendly natural dye from Lodh bark on wool fabrics and optimization of procedure for dyeing using herbal mordants

The current study deals with the soaked wool fabrics were dyed with natural dyes extracted from the bark of Symplocos racemosa. The optimization was carried out for the different variables; concentration of dyematerial, time for extraction of dye, dyeing time, concentration of mordants methodsof mordanting. Out of the three methods of mordanting, the best shades for dye was obtained using pre-mordanting with lemon juice and vinegar andpost-mordanting with aqueous leaves extract of Rhus parviflora and aqueous leaves extract of Erythrina suberosa . The colour fastness tests indicated that all samples change in colour on exposure to light. The light coloured samples were affected more rapidly as compared to the dark ones. The Lodh bark dyed samples exhibited fairly excellent fastness to light and the results of washing fastness tests showed that dyed samples had good to excellent fastness to washing. Keywords: Symplocos racemosa (Lodh), Erythrina suberosa, Rhus parviflora, Wool fabrics, Fastness, Herbal mordants, Natural dye.

Investigation of TiO2 as photoanode for solar cell application

The dye-sensitized solar cells were fabricated using different natural dyes extracted from the Ixora flower, Pongame leaves, Neem leaves, sunflower, and Almond fruit. TiO2 nanoparticle has been prepared via the solvothermal method. The prepared samples were characterized by structural properties of X-Ray Diffraction, Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscope, EDAX, and High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscope, Optical properties of UV–Visible and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy studies, and Conductivity studies of EIS spectra. The average crystallite size and structure of prepared particles is determined by the XRD, and FTIR confirmed the functional groups present in the prepared samples. And also band gap values were calculated using UV–Visible spectroscopy. The resistance and conductivity of the samples were identified using the EIS spectra. The effect of natural dye extract from chlorophyll and anthocyanin pigment group was investigated for the performance of J-V characterization. The efficiency of almond extract of solar cells is found to be greater than that of the other four extracts sensitized solar cells.

Hibiscus sabdariffa natural dye extraction process with central composite design for optimal extract yield

This study reports optimization of Hibiscus sabdariffa natural dye extraction process parameters with response surface methodology, which is aimed at developing a more suitable and standardized technique to extract active components from plant materials. Hibiscus sabdariffa dye extraction process parameters (temperature, time and feed materials) were optimized for high yield. The dye was extracted using locally fabricated combined dye extractor and dryer machine with throughput capacity of 4 g/min machine and extraction efficiencies of 78.61% and 63.77% respectively using solvent as the medium. Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the process parameters that resulted in optimal yield. Liquid chromatography revealed components typical of natural dye extracts. The equations and models generated from RSM revealed experimental correlation between the dependent and independent variables. The fitted quadratic model's analysis of variance (ANOVA) with F-value of 14.78 for the model indicates its significance as there is only a 0.01% probability that such a big F -value is attributable to noise. Additionally, this analysis shows significant model terms as P-values less than 0.05 was obtained. The FTIR result showed a characteristic plant dye absorption pattern with wavenumbers that ranged from 3377 to 1032 cm−1. Optimal extract yield of 68% was attained at the temperature of 100 °C for 60 min and 1 kg feed material through RSM. This study revealed that extraction temperature and time had a significant effect, while the amount of feed material had a slight effect on the yield. Therefore, natural dyes can be extracted from Hibiscus sabdariffa for a sustainable natural color dyeing approach practiced in the textile industries. The study created a sustainable method of using bioresources for economic growth and development. The findings on this study provided a foundation for the use of Hibiscus sabdariffa dye extract as alternative to conventional dyes that can serve as functional colors for the textile, food and pharmaceutical industries.

Recycling floral waste from temple using different techniques of eco-printing on cotton fabric

Today’s generation is becoming more environmentally conscious and shifting towards sustainable fashion. Unfortunately, synthetic dye is being dominantly used as they produce bright color and are cheap but are hazardous to health and as compared synthetic dye natural dye are chemical free, biodegradable and eco-friendly. Role of natural dye has been increased as preservation of traditional heritage is also one of the important sustainable development goals to which every country is trying to abide. Natural dyes are considered for their endurance and soft lustrous coloring. This research work focused on the extraction of natural dye by recycling floral waste from temples by using different techniques of Eco-printing on cotton fabric. Marigold and rose flowers were commonly used in India for worship. Pre-mordanting method was used for dyeing purposes, in which fabric was first mordant then used for printing. Commercially available tea powder (5gram) was used as Natural source of mordant. Further samples were tested on the basis of wash fastness and rub fastness properties. It was found that samples exhibit good wash and rub fastness.

Beta vulgaris L.-A Source with a Great Potential in the Extraction of Natural Dyes Intended for the Sustainable Dyeing of Wool.

Beta vulgaris L. is a biennial plant easily accessible all over the world, rich in various biologically active compounds, especially a class of extremely bioactive pigments known as betalains. These dyes predominate in the pulp and peels of beetroot, which is why they can be valorized in food, medicine or in the textile industry. In this work, betalains extractions were carried out applying 3 sustainable options: (1) dissolving/solubilizing betalains in water; (2) extraction under pressure; (3) extraction assisted by an enzyme/pectinase. The obtained extracts were analyzed in the UV-Vis domain, which allowed their characterization by determining the total monomeric anthocyanins, color density (control), polymeric density and browning index. The HPLC-MS analysis highlighted the extracts composition. The colors characteristics were determined through CIELab measurements. The performances of these 3 extracts, during green dyeing (without mordants), were evaluated according to the color characteristics (L*, a*, b* and K/S) of the dyed wool samples under different conditions: pH, temperature, duration of dyeing and volume of extract and stabilizers (Vitamin E and EDTA). Betalains can be considered acid dyes, with a low affinity for wool, which in a pronounced acidic environment dye the wool in an intense, uniform way and with good resistance to washing and rubbing.

Extraction of natural dye from Oroxylumb indicum (L.) Kurz by using different solvents for Thai eri silk dyeing

Among various textile types in Thailand, silk is the largest market share. Thus, upgrading or developing either the dying process or the quality of fabric dried for Thai silk is still necessary. Natural dyes have become an interesting resource because they are more environmentally friendly than synthetic dyes. Thus, this work aims to study the effect of different solvents for dye extraction from Oroxylumb Indicum (L.) Kurz on Eri Thai silk dyeing. Each solvent used for extraction gave a different relative tannic acid and quercetin content. Therefore, this further leads to different properties of dyed fabrics, such as color properties and washing fastness index. From the different solvents studied, the yield of the extracted dyes was on the order of EtOH/water (50: 50) > MeOH/water (50:50) > MeOH ~ EtOH > water. Then, the optimal ratios between EtOH and water in the efficient extraction were varied as follows water, EtOH/water (25: 75), EtOH/water (50: 50), EtOH/water (75:25), and EtOH. The result showed that EtOH/water (50: 50) was still the most effective for dye extraction. In addition, the effect of dose, temperature, and time of Oroxylumb Indicum (L.) Kurz was 8.0 g/L, 60 °C, and 60 min, which were considered optimal extraction conditions due to the high relative contents of tannic acid and quercetin. As a result, the fabric of Eri silk dyed has a high quality of fastness rating. Overall, these results could point out the use of extracted dye from Oroxylumb Indicum (L.) Kurz has the potential as an alternative dye for Eri Thai silk dyeing.

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Natural Dyes from Quercus Coccifera L. for Wool Dyeing

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Natural Dyes from Quercus Coccifera L. for Wool Dyeing

Optimization of Extraction Method of Anthocyanins from Red Cabbage.

Among the vegetables that stand out for their high concentration of anthocyanins, red cabbage appears as one of the most-used sources of these pigments in food production and it is considered a suitable raw material for the extraction of natural dye. Therefore, the objective was to carry out the production of natural extracts from red cabbage, under different conditions, varying the solvent, type of pre-treatment, pH range, and processing temperature during the concentration of the extracts. The anthocyanins were extracted from red cabbage using the following solvents: distilled water, 25% ethyl alcohol, and 70% ethyl alcohol. The raw material was divided into two groups, the first was subjected to a drying pre-treatment at 70 °C for 1 h and for the second group, the extraction was performed with the raw material in natura. Two pH ranges of 4.0 and 6.0 and extraction temperatures of 25 °C and 75 °C were used in the extracts, resulting in 24 formulations. The extracts obtained were analyzed for colorimetric parameters and anthocyanins. The results of anthocyanins show that the methodology that uses 25% alcohol, pH 4.0, and processing temperature of 25 °C produces a reddish extract and better results in the extraction, presenting average values of 191.37 mg/100 g of anthocyanins, being 74% higher compared to the highest values obtained in the other extracts where the same raw material was used and the solvents differed.

Optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of Cucurbita maxima dye adsorption on TiO2 nanoparticles

Dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) are 3rd generation photovoltaic device that imitate photosynthesis in plants. The fundamental concept of a DSSCs is that the photoanode is covered by the dye as a sensitiser. Natural dyes from plant-based extracts have gained attention as alternatives to toxic and expensive commercial dye sensitisers. Various studies have been conducted on the use of natural plant dye extracts for DSSCs . However, more fundamental studies on their adsorption on TiO2 photoanode nanoparticles are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the crystal structure, optical absorption, and photoluminescence properties of TiO2, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita maxima dyes adsorbed on TiO2 nanoparticles as potential materials for DSSCs. Raman spectra confirmed the anatase phase of the TiO2 nanoparticles. The particle size of 12 ± 2 nm was confirmed through the transmission electron microscope. The optical absorption properties of Cucurbita maxima show two distinct absorption bands: blue visible (450–500 nm) and red visible (635–674 nm). The photoluminescence spectra of the dye extract and its adsorption onto the TiO2 nanoparticles showed two prominent peaks in the blue and red regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. No significant peak is observed in the green region of the electromagnetic spectrum. These studies shed more light on the fundamental properties of chlorophyll adsorption on TiO2 nanoparticles and their optical and photoluminescence properties for applications as sensitisers in DSSCs.

Eco-friendly coloration from mahogany wood waste for sustainable dyeing of organic nonwoven cotton fabric

Most synthetic dyes used in the textile industry are non-biodegradable, carcinogenic, and significantly harm the environment. Recent years have seen a significant increase in interest in natural dyes as a means of avoiding the environmental issues associated with synthetic colorants. This research focuses on the extraction of natural dyes from mahogany wood waste and the identification of environmentally safe ways for dyeing organic nonwoven cotton fabric. Natural coloring compounds were isolated using an aqueous extraction method, and organic cotton fabric was colored with the extracts after being mordanted with several mordant types including ferrous sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, and stannous chloride. The wash, light, rubbing, and perspiration fastness qualities of colored organic cotton fabric were investigated. The organic cotton fabric colored with wood waste was found to have good to excellent fastness qualities, when it was mordanted with a combination of ferrous sulfate 2%, potassium aluminum sulfate 2%, and stannous chloride 1%. Using the conditions, the color strength value was also found higher, and it was 4.28. The scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the dye particles were present on the dyed fabric surfaces. Therefore, utilizing naturally derived dyes from mahogany wood waste to color organic cotton fabric may be a good substitute for synthetic dyes in the textile sector due to environmental concerns.

Supramolecular solvent based method for natural dyes extraction from fibers and holistic chemometric approaches used for assessing induced gamma irradiation’s effects: A comprehensive study by LC-DAD-MS analysis

• A new extraction method for dyes from textiles is developed by the use of SUPRAS. • Flavonoids’ glucosides can be identified by this new mild extraction method. • γ-irradiation effect on dyes was evaluated to mark changes after textiles sterilization. • RPLC/UV and (−)ESI/MS data were used for an holistic approach. • Three chemometric approaches (LRA,PCA,CA) were proposed for the irradiation assessment.