Mining Industry Research Articles

Internet of Things Long-Range-Wide-Area-Network-Based Wireless Sensors Network for Underground Mine Monitoring: Planning an Efficient, Safe, and Sustainable Labor Environment.

Underground mines are considered one of the riskiest facilities for human activities due to numerous accidents and geotechnical failures recorded worldwide over the last century, which have resulted in unsafe labor conditions, poor health outcomes, injuries, and fatalities. One significant cause of these accidents is the inadequate or nonexistent capacity for the real-time monitoring of safety conditions in underground mines. In this context, new emerging technologies linked to the Industry 4.0 paradigm, such as sensors, the Internet of Things (IoT), and LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) wireless connectivity, are being implemented for planning the efficient, safe, and sustainable performance of underground mine labor environments. This paper studies the implementation of an ecosystem composed of IoT sensors and LoRa wireless connectivity in a data-acquisition system, which eliminates the need for expensive cabling and manual monitoring in mining operations. Laying cables in an underground mine necessitates cable support and protection against issues, such as machinery operations, vehicle movements, mine operator activities, and groundwater intrusion. As the underground mine expands, additional sensors typically require costly cable installations unless wireless connectivity is employed. The results of this review indicate that an IoT LoRaWAN-based wireless sensor network (WSN) provides real-time data under complex conditions, effectively transmitting data through physical barriers. This network presents an attractive low-cost solution with reliable, simple, scalable, secure, and competitive characteristics compared to cable installations and manually collected readings, which are more sporadic and prone to human error. Reliable data on the behavior of the underground mine enhances productivity by improving key performance indicators (KPIs), minimizing accident risks, and promoting sustainable environmental conditions for mine operators. Finally, the adoption of IoT sensors and LoRaWAN wireless connectivity technologies provides information of the underground mine in real-time, which supports better decisions by the mining industry managers, by ensuring compliance with safety regulations, improving the productive performance, and fostering a roadmap towards more environmentally friendly labor conditions.

Self‐reinforced natural rubber composites: Preparation and properties study

AbstractIn the contemporary modern mining sector, rubber conveyor belts are extensively and frequently utilized. Exceptional tear resistance and high elongation of the top cover rubber of the belt are imperative. In this investigation, a portion of natural rubber (NR) underwent partial vulcanization in advance. Subsequently, this pre‐vulcanized NR (PNR) was mixed with the NR matrix via mechanical blending. Due to the increased viscosity resulting from pre‐vulcanization, the PNR may disperse in the NR matrix, maintaining a specific microstructure without complete dissolution. During subsequent vulcanization, the PNR could co‐vulcanize with the NR matrix, forming a well‐bonded interface and ultimately yielding self‐reinforced NR (SNR) composites. The influences of the mass ratio of PNR to the NR matrix, sulfur content in PNR and pre‐vulcanization time on the mechanical properties of the SNR composites were thoroughly investigated. The results indicated that adding PNR effectively improved the tear strength of NR. When the PNR replaced 20 wt% of NR, sulfur content in PNR was 2.4 phr and pre‐vulcanization time was 2 min, the tear strength, stress at 300% elongation and wear resistance of SNR composites increased by 34.1%, 16.6%, and 10.2% compared to NR control sample, while elongation at break remained at 898%. These findings suggest that it is possible to enhance the tear strength of rubber without compromising elongation at break.

Envisaging Just Energy Transitions in Jharkhand: (Re)Interrogating the Politico-Economic Entanglements of the Private Regimes of Extraction and Accumulation

One of the major concerns around in coal mining and extractive regimes more generally in India has been the role of the private sector in managing precarious labor environments through intermediation, which has deep political roots. While the state–corporate nexus is well established in the coal mining sector, we observe here that an important part of sustaining productivity and profitability from mining has been the organized intermediation of private subcontractors who work between formal and informal coal economies and between coal companies and communities. This paper seeks to historically situate the emergence of these private entities and the nature of competition between them. Additionally, it elucidates how political machinery is deployed to manage such conflicts and competition. The paper argues that while competition among different private entities occurs at the profit level, the internal conflict and its efficient political management contribute to seamless accumulation—both primitive accumulation and surplus value accumulation—within the coal economies by preventing organized labor resistance. It concludes by arguing that without a nuanced understanding of the politics of the “private” within the coal economy and its accumulative regimes, any attempt at Just Transitions will fail to comprehend the multifaceted nature of exploitation, co-option, and negotiation within such regimes.

Optimization of collection efficiency for a dual-row jet mining machine based on CFD-DEM coupling

Deep-sea mineral resources possess vast reserves; yet, the depositional environment is extremely harsh, and the mining challenges are significant. Overcoming the technical hurdles of deep-sea mining and protecting the marine environment to achieve sustainable development and utilization of seabed resources are major challenges in the field of marine resource development. In this work, we employ a coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) approach with the objective of enhancing the collection efficiency of deep-sea polymetallic nodules. The research focuses on adjusting and optimizing the collection parameters of a dual-jet collector. We examine the influence of the collector's jet angle and velocity on the collection efficiency. We conduct a numerical analysis of the movement characteristics of nodules, the distribution of the flow field, and the efficiency of nodule collection. The results indicate that when the rear jet angle is too small, the stripping and blocking effects on the nodules deteriorate. Conversely, when the jet angle is too large, the upwelling flow velocity decreases. The optimal collection effect is achieved with a rear jet angle of 55°. Lower jet velocities result in poorer nodule stripping, collection, and lifting. Higher jet velocities, however, increase seafloor disturbance and reduce the device's energy utilization efficiency. The collection efficiency is optimal at jet velocities ranging from 8 to 9 m/s. This research provides valuable insights for the design of high-efficiency dual-jet collector devices.

Study on Crushed-Stone Cementation Properties and Bottom Stope Stability of Goaf by Open Stope Mining in Inclined Ore Bodies

The mining of the part of the inclined ore body below a goaf is crucial for improving resource extraction and safe production. In this study, the cementation properties of crushed stone during the mining of the inclined ore body were investigated by means of laboratory experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation. Additionally, orthogonal experiments were performed to assess how factors like water–cement ratio, crushed-stone particle size, and cement–sand ratio affect the strength of the grouting concretion body (GCB). Furthermore, the fluidity of the slurry under different ratios was also measured. Considering both the fluidity of the slurry and the strength of the GCB, the optimal ratios of the slurry were determined to be a water–cement ratio of 2.5:1 and a cement–sand ratio of 1:4. This ratio was then used for crushed-stone cementing under the poorest crushed-stone particle size conditions, based on which mechanical parameters were obtained from experiments. Theoretical analysis equated the problem of the grouting range to the width of the plastic zone of surrounding rock, and a conclusion was reached that the width of the GCB should be at least 29 m. The numerical simulation results reveal that among 30 mining rooms formed below the GCB, 24 mining rooms are in a stable state and 6 mining rooms are partially damaged on a small scale. As a whole, the GCB formed by grout filling into the goaf manages to effectively support the stope below, and it is verified that the theoretical calculation method of the width of the GCB is feasible.

Trace Metal Elements (TMEs) in Groundwater Around the Former Industrial Gold Mine of Poura in Burkina Faso – West Africa

The objective of this study is to assess the quality of groundwater around the first industrial mine in Burkina Faso, whose activities have been closed since 1999. The diagnosis of pollution by trace metal elements of groundwater around the old Poura gold mine was carried out through the determination of the contents of Trace Metal Elements (TME) at MP-AES and the measurements of the physicochemical parameters in situ on 38 samples of borehole water. These data made it possible to calculate the pollution risk index, to establish correlations between the different physicochemical parameters on the one hand and with the trace metal elements on the other hand, from the Pearson matrix and to carry out a multivariate statistical analysis, in particular that in principal components (PCA), with a view to determining the origin of the polluting elements. The results obtained made it possible to identify four samples of groundwater with an acidic pH (GWF18 (6.44), GWF19 (6.39), GWF23 (6.1) and GWP01 (5.99)) and 34 samples of groundwater whose Cd, Al, Fe, As, Pb, or Hg contents are higher than the standards in force in Burkina Faso. The Pollution risk Index (PI) indicates that 35 groundwater samples are slightly polluted and 3 groundwater samples are very heavily polluted (GWP01 (PI = 456%), GWF06 (PI = 132.5%), GWF03 (PI = 105.1%)). The Pearson correlation matrix and the principal component analysis (PCA) show that the origin and mobilization of the trace metal elements involved (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg and Pb) are linked to natural mineralization and anthropogenic activities such as mining and agricultural activities, favored by the infiltration of water into the subsoil through geological structures such as fractures and faults.

CONSERVAÇÃO DA GEODIVERSIDADE EM GEOSSISTEMAS FERRUGINOSOS

This study examines the evolution of areas surrounding the bat caves in the Ferruginous Geosystem of Carajás from 1985 to 2022, emphasising the significance of geodiversity conservation in this unique context. The land use and cover transformations analysis reveals critical insights into spatio-temporal changes and escalating environmental degradation risks. The findings enhance the literature on geodiversity conservation and speleology, providing a solid foundation for future research. Monitoring mined areas and their ecological impacts is essential for refining management strategies for these sensitive ecosystems. Furthermore, recent attempts to amend cave protection legislation, particularly Decree 10.935, pose significant conservation challenges, necessitating a critical evaluation of environmental policies and fostering dialogue among researchers, policymakers, and the mining industry. This study highlights the urgent need for a balanced approach between resource extraction and environmental conservation to mitigate adverse impacts on biodiversity and ecological processes. Integrated and evidence-based environmental management is crucial for addressing the challenges of mining activities and regulatory changes, ensuring the protection of caves and their ecosystems for a sustainable future.

Experimental Studies of Corrosion Resistance of Welded Seams of Steel Structures with a High Sulfur Content in Surface Layers Using Modern Methods of Modeling

Analysis of literature sources and empirical data indicate a variety and a large volume of experimental material, which often characterizes the uncertainty and contradiction of information regarding the effect of sulphur and manganese on the corrosion behaviour of steels obtained using traditional methods. This leads to the need to search for new, alternative methods for its effective analysis. The task of assessing and predicting the corrosion properties of structural steels is a key one in the general problem of managing the operational reliability of welded metal structures and equipment for the chemical, metallurgical, oil and gas, mining and other industries. The possibilities of its solution consist of using new information technologies, a component of which is intelligent means of information processing, such as artificial neural networks (ANN). The use of ANN makes it possible to create qualitatively new hardware and software that significantly expand the classes of emerging problems and increase the efficiency of analysis and forecasting. In the process of long-term operation of metal structures in many industrial industries, the metal is in direct contact with sulfur-containing agents at high temperatures. This leads to the saturation of the surface layer of the metal with sulfur with a concentration of up to 0.6%, which further makes it impossible to carry out repair and welding operations due to the formation of hot cracks. It was found that adding metallic manganese into the electrode coating in an amount of 20-25% significantly increases (4-5 times) the resistance against the formation of hot cracks. Sulfur content in the deposited metal has the opposite effect on the appearance of hot cracks. So, with a sulfur content of 0.042% and more, the resistance of the metal against the formation of hot cracks decreases sharply. It is shown that an increase in the content of metallic manganese in the electrode coating significantly reduces the content of dissolved sulfur in the deposited metal. Moreover, this tendency is typical for steels with different sulfur content in the surface layers and with different service life. For example, for steel with a service life of 20 years, the initial sulfur content in the surface layer of the metal (up to 1 mm) was about 0.52%. Adding metallic manganese in the coating of electrodes in an amount of 20-25% made it possible to reduce the sulfur content in the deposited metal to 0.03-0.045%, i.e. 12.6-17.3 times. In addition, the corrosion rate decreases with an increase in the content of metallic manganese in the electrode coating. The lowest corrosion rate for all steels involved in the research was established at 20-25% manganese content in the coating.

Enhancing Education and Teaching Management Through Data Mining and Support Vector Machine Algorithm

This study investigates the effectiveness of the SVM+TLBO approach for predicting student performance and evaluating learning abilities in educational settings. By integrating Support Vector Machines (SVM) with Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), the research aims to enhance predictive accuracy and efficiency compared to traditional methods, including Decision Trees, Ant Colony Algorithms, Clustering Algorithms, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine (SVM) without Optimization. Results indicate that the SVM+TLBO model significantly outperforms these methods, providing robust predictions and valuable insights into student learning patterns. The findings underscore the importance of data-informed decision-making in education, enabling educators to identify at-risk students and tailor instructional strategies effectively. This research contributes to the growing field of educational data mining, highlighting the potential of advanced machine learning techniques to optimize educational outcomes and foster personalized learning experiences.

Corporate Ethics and Indigenous Rights: Analyzing the Impact of Vale S.A.'s Mining Operations in the Brazilian Amazon

This work conducts a study on the ethical and cultural implications of the mining operations of Vale S.A. in the Brazilian Amazon with a special view on the indigenous communities. The major portion of this giant company’s work is done in ore production, which has caused mass deforestation, water pollution, and breach of land rights of the indigenous people. The company has failed to abide by international ethical mandates, including Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The work explained that the company has not abode by international ethical mandates as incorporated in United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) and United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). The case study reports not exclusively the environmental hazards provoked by the mineral extractions of Vale but equally the socio-cultural devastation experienced by the native populations most notably the Yanomami. It also puts forward some actionable recommendations, which consist of implementing the FPIC, working with indigenous communities as stakeholders, and undertaking corporate governance reforms that zero in on more accountability. This case should practically serve as a wake-up call to businesses working in very sensitive areas to bring their practices in line with global ethical standards of ensuring that development is not achieved at the expense of marginalized communities.

3D geometry of the Dugald River Shear Zone, Mount Isa Inlier, Australia

The Dugald River Shear Zone is a structurally complex, anastomosing shear zone that hosts high-grade Zn mineralisation within the Dugald River Slate. The Dugald River Zn–Pb–Ag mine is situated within the Mount Isa Inlier, Australia and developed through two phases of mineralisation with high-grade Zn mineralisation intimately associated with the development of the brittle–ductile Dugald River Shear Zone. The first phase of mineralisation occurred during the regionally extensive, D2 ductile fold and axial planar cleavage forming event and resulted in the development of a sulfide horizon. This horizon was a preferential site for strain partitioning during early D4 ductile deformation, which resulted in transposition-related concentration and thickening of a sulfide horizon marking the second phase of mineralisation. The Dugald River Shear Zone developed during D4 wherein strain rate incompatibilities between a ductile-deforming sulfide horizon and the brittle-deforming Dugald River Slate resulted in the development of a Riedel shear zone. A high-resolution 3D model of the shear zone was constructed from robust drilling and mapping datasets in which releasing and restraining bends highlight the thickening and thinning of ore lenses, respectively. The 3D model with detailed structural analysis and observations allows for predictive modelling of dilational zones within throughgoing Y-shears, which are prospective sites for remobilisation of high-grade Zn sulfides as the ore body developed coevally with progressive shearing.

Subsurface Faults and Magma Controls on the Jinchuan Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposit: Constraints from Magnetotelluric Data

The Jinchuan Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in the Longshoushan terrane is among the world’s largest magmatic sulfide deposits. This study uses magnetotelluric (MT) survey data imaging combined with previous geophysical data to investigate Segment III of the deposit. The image of MT data reveals a significant low-resistivity anomaly ~200 m beneath Segment III, aligning with known ore bodies, and an additional anomaly to the north, indicating further exploration potential. These findings highlight the deep-seated intrusions and their connection to surface mineralization, emphasizing the critical role of ultramafic rock encapsulation and fault-controlled morphology in ore body formation. The newly identified northern anomaly, resembling the Segment III ore bodies, suggests a promising target for future exploration. Integrating MT surveys with other geophysical methods enhances the understanding of subsurface structures and mineralization, providing a robust framework for discovering concealed mineral deposits and improving exploration efficiency.

Measuring the effect of exchange rate variations on diverse economic sectors in the United States

ABSTRACT This study examined how exchange rates affect the US stock market and 27 industries. Using the TVP-VAR frequency-connectedness approach, it explores volatility spillover transmission and employs wavelet coherence analysis to uncover the co-movement between the USD and various sectors. The results show that the USD has been mainly volatile due to the 2008 stock market crisis, except for gold mining and select industries. During the crisis, the USD’s relationship with sectors exhibited out-of-phase patterns with long-term oscillations. This suggests that policymakers can use exchange rates to boost economic activity.

Health Risks Due to Co-Exposure to Noise and Respirable Crystalline Silica Among Workers in the Open-Pit Mining Industry—Results of a Preliminary Study

Occupational exposure to carcinogenic respirable crystalline silica and noise requires a deeper understanding and an assessment of the possible health risks caused by their combined action. Data on individual exposure to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) and occupational noise (ON) was collected among 44 open-pit miners. The study group was divided into two groups according to the job tasks performed. The individual exposure, exceeding of maximum admissible concentration/intensity, and predicted hearing thresholds (HTs) (according to ISO 1999:2013) were compared between the groups directly participating in the technological process (group 1; N = 23) and performing auxiliary, supervising, or laboratory activities (group 2; N = 21). All the analysed indices were significantly higher for group 1; therefore, the job category may predict ON and RCS exposure among open-pit miners. A statistically significant relationship (rs = 0.66, p < 0.05) was found between the time-weighted average (TWA) 8 h RCS and individual daily noise exposure levels. Exposure to noise in the course of employment causes the risk of hearing impairment (mean HTs for 2, 3, and 4 kHz > 25 dB) up to 74% and 4.4% (in the case of groups 1 and 2, respectively). Further studies are needed before conclusions concerning the effects of co-exposure to ON and RCS on open-pit miners can be made.

Optimization of Crystal Structures in Polylithionite Concentrate: A Molecular Dynamics Approach to Lithium Extraction Efficiency.

Molecular dynamics (MD) techniques offer significant potential for optimizing mineral extraction processes by simulating economically or physically restrictive conditions at the laboratory level. Lithium, a crucial metal in the electromobility era, exemplifies the need for ongoing re-evaluation of extraction techniques. This research aims to simulate the crystal structures of mineral species present in a polylithionite mineral concentrate [KLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2] using crystallographic data obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis. This study focuses on optimizing these structures, validating them through density comparisons, and determining the interaction parameter between the identified phases and lithium oxide (Li2O). The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed five predominant mineral phases: quartz (SiO2), calcite [Ca(CO3)], pyrite (FeS2), cassiterite (SiO2), and a compound Pb6O2(BO3)2SO4. Structural data, including lattice parameters, space groups, and atomic coordinates, were used to construct the crystal structures with Materials Studio 8.0, employing the Crystal Builder module. Optimization was performed using the Forcite module with the Smart optimization algorithm and the Universal force field. The interaction parameter (χ) indicated an affinity between lithium oxide and pyrite, as well as between calcite and quartz.

Investigation of the Minimum Ignition Energy Required for Combustion of Coal Dust Blended with Fugitive Methane

Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) significantly contributes to global warming. Capturing and mitigating these emissions can help combat climate change. One effective method is the thermal decomposition of methane, but it requires careful control to prevent explosions from the high temperatures involved. This research investigates the influence of methane concentration and coal dust particle properties on the minimum ignition energy (MIE) required for fugitive methane thermal decomposition and flame propagation properties. This knowledge is crucial for the mining industry to effectively prevent and mitigate accidental fires and explosions in VAM abatement plants. Coal dust samples from three different sources were selected for this study. Experiments were conducted using a modified Hartmann glass tube and a Thermal Gravimetric Analyser (TGA). The chemical properties of coal dust were determined through ultimate and proximate analysis. The particle size distribution was determined using a Mastersizer 3000 apparatus (manufactured by Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK). The results showed that the MIE is significantly affected by coal dust particle size, with smaller particles (<74 µm) requiring less energy to ignite compared to coarser particles. Additionally, blending methane with coal dust further reduces the MIE. Introducing methane concentrations of 1% and 2.5% into the combustion space reduced the MIE by 25% and 74%, respectively, for the <74 µm coal dust size fraction. It was observed that coal dust concentration can either raise or lower the MIE. Larger coal dust concentrations, acting as a heat sink, reduce the likelihood of ignition and increase the MIE. This effect was noted at a methane concentration of 2.5% and coal dust levels above 3000 g/m3. In contrast, small amounts of coal dust had little impact on MIE variation. Moreover, the presence of methane during combustion increased the upward flame travel distance and propagation velocity. The flame’s vertical travel distance increased from 124 mm to 300 mm for a coal dust concentration of 300 g·m−3 blended with 1% and 2.5% methane, respectively.

Technopolitics of fear: managing emotions about infrastructural collapse at a mining business conference

ABSTRACT Despite the regular occurrence of disasters such as infrastructural collapse and massive pollution, the mining industry has failed to introduce substantive innovations in waste management. In this paper, we explore a key factor behind such reluctance, which we have called a technopolitics of fear. Based on a science and technology studies framework, such technopolitics will be understood as a complex assemblage of affects, practices, and technologies with its governing logic and producing multiple effects. To explore the contours of such technopolitics we analyze a business conference of the mining industry occurring in Chile in 2019. Emerging first as an emotional outpour, the uncertainty caused by recent mining waste disasters was turned into something much more productive; first as “sound” economic valuations and then as conventional techno-fixes. In the conclusions, we will speculate about alternative ways in which the mining industry could truly enact the radical transformations needed to keep practicing extraction in vulnerable worlds.

Applying FMEA for Operational Risk Management: Lessons from Minestar Implementation at PT. Borneo Indobara

PT Borneo Indobara (BIB) is planning to implement Minestar, an integrated mining management system, in 2025 to enhance operational efficiency and safety. However, the implementation of this system poses several operational risks that require careful management to ensure success. The aim of this research is to develop a comprehensive risk matrix and propose effective mitigation strategies for the Minestar implementation at BIB, using the SNI ISO 31000:2018 risk management framework. The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative techniques such as semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGD) with quantitative analysis using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Data was collected from key stakeholders directly involved in the Minestar project to assess the severity, occurrence, and detection of each identified risk, which were then used to develop a risk matrix. The results of the study identified and prioritized several critical operational risks, with a three-dimensional risk matrix providing a clear visualization of their severity, occurrence, and detection levels. This structured approach allows BIB's management to prioritize risks and allocate resources effectively for risk mitigation. The findings of this research contribute to operational risk management in the mining industry, particularly for the implementation of advanced technologies like Minestar. The practical insights provided can serve as a reference for similar projects in the industry, helping organizations to address operational challenges proactively.

Effect of Fermentation and/or Cooking on Some Nutritional Quality of Sorghum Meals Formulated with Different Ratios of Wheat and Pumpkin Flour

Sorghum cultivar (Tabat), defatted pumpkin seed pulp (DPSP), and wheat flour were used to prepare four meals to study the effects of component ratio and fermentation and/or cooking on various nutritional qualities. Before and after processing, the meals' chemical compositions, total calories, minerals, antinutrients, and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) were assessed. The addition of wheat and pumpkin flour resulted in a decrease in carbohydrates and antinutrients and an increase in ash, protein, fiber, fat, total and extractable minerals, and IVPD. After fermentation, the antinutrients were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced, resulting in meals of excellent quality. Cooking the fermented dough afterward, nevertheless, revealed much greater improvement. The proportion of ingredients decreased the effect of cooking on chemical composition and led to a substantial (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in tannin and phytate, which was accompanied by a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in IVPD and mineral extractability. Meals were accepted more often than the control group (P ≤ 0.05). Out of all the formulations, the one with 10% wheat and 20% DPSP flours (M3) was found to be the most nutrient-dense and bioavailable.

Exploration of Strategies for Doing a Good Job in Coal Mine Environmental Protection under the New Situation

As a non-renewable natural resource, coal is playing an increasingly important role, but the impact of coal resources on the environment when mining can not be ignored. Under the new period of social development, environmental protection concept has become the main principle which should be followed the construction of urban society , this paper discusses the influence of coal mining for the ecological environment, in the face of environmental problems is more and more serious, coal mining industry needs to face the pollution problem, and in the development of the coal industry to do related environmental protection control work, so as to fully achieve green mining, promote the orderly development of coal mine environmental protection work.