Extraction Of Gallic Acid Research Articles

Green synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles using Quercus infectoria: Characterization and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) have gained attention for their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. This study aims to synthesize CNPs using Quercus infectoria gall extract, and its active components mainly tannic acid (TA), and gallic acid (GA), and compare them with chemically synthesized CNPs. Green synthesis involved adding gall extract, TA, or GA solution to cerium nitrate hexahydrate, followed by reaction at 70 °C and calcination at 500 °C. Characterization employed various methods, including dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to respectively characterize hydrodynamic diameter, morphology, crystallinity and purity, and surface functional groups. Antibacterial and antioxidant properties were evaluated using the broth microdilution and DPPH radical scavenging methods, respectively.It confirmed successful synthesis of crystalline CNPs, with UV spectra exhibiting a peak at 290 nm. Antibacterial tests revealed that pre-calcined TA-synthesized NPs, at 25 mg ml−1, exhibited inhibitory properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CNPs synthesized with gall extract at 100 mg ml−1displayed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and S. aureus, while gall extract had highest efficacy on S. aureus with MIC of 1.875 mg ml−1. GA, TA, and gall extract demonstrated DPPH scavenging activities of 86 %, 59 %, and 66 % at 50 µg/ml, respectively. Antioxidant potential of CNPs at 1 mg ml−1was 19 %, 20 %, 21 %, and 17 % for GA, TA, gall extract, and chemically synthesized CNPs, respectively.In conclusion, CNPs synthesized in this study can be considered as antioxidants. Further investigation is needed to optimize synthesis methods and achieve desired antibacterial properties, given contradictory findings in prior studies.

Investigation of magnetic ionic liquids for selective and rapid extraction of gallic acid from complex samples using experimental, statistical modeling and density functional theory studies

Given the high antioxidant capacity of gallic acid (GA), there is a great deal of interest in the development of rapid, selective, simple, and easily accessible analytical methods for its determination from complex samples. Consequently, the present study aimed to develop an ultrasonic assisted magnetic ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid microextraction (UA-MIL-DLLME) method for the extraction of GA from various samples prior to its spectrophotometric detection. The method's key variables were optimized through statistical analysis. Four magnetic liquids (MILs) were prepared and tested to extract the GA-Se complex formed in aqueous solution. Both experimental studies and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the most suitable MIL for the phase separation of the relevant complex is [P6,6,6,14][Mn(hfacac)3]. The developed UA-MIL-DLLME method exhibited a wide linear range (5–400 ng mL-1), a remarkable enhancement factor (133), and a low limit of detection (1.6 ng mL-1). Additionally, high extraction recovery (97 ± 1%) with a low relative standard deviation (1.9%) was achieved. The extraction time for the UA-MIL-DLLME method was 8 min. The precision of the method was evaluated through repeatability and reproducibility studies. Finally, the UA-MIL-DLLME method was successfully applied to the extraction of the GA from complex samples using a reference method.

Gallic acid pretreatment mitigates parathyroid ischemia–reperfusion injury through signaling pathway modulation

Thyroid surgery often results in ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) to the parathyroid glands, yet the mechanisms underlying this and how to ameliorate IRI remain incompletely explored. Our study identifies a polyphenolic herbal extract—gallic acid (GA)—with antioxidative properties against IRI. Through flow cytometry and CCK8 assays, we investigate the protective effects of GA pretreatment on a parathyroid IRI model and decode its potential mechanisms via RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis. Results reveal increased apoptosis, pronounced G1 phase arrest, and significantly reduced cell proliferation in the hypoxia/reoxygenation group compared to the hypoxia group, which GA pretreatment mitigates. RNA-seq and bioinformatics analysis indicate GA’s modulation of various signaling pathways, including IL-17, AMPK, MAPK, transient receptor potential channels, cAMP, and Rap1. In summary, GA pretreatment demonstrates potential in protecting parathyroid cells from IRI by influencing various genes and signaling pathways. These findings offer a promising therapeutic strategy for hypoparathyroidism treatment.

Isolation and extraction of gallic acid from Hylocereus undatus and a biochemical and histological study on laboratory Wistar albino rats with induced rheumatoid arthritis

The herb Hylocereus undatus, which is rich in phytochemicals and thought to contain antioxidants comparable to those in its peel, has a lot of promise for use in the food field. The presented study aimed to study the protective effect of the aqueous extrac and the active compounds (gallic acid) isolated from the dragon fruit (H. undates) to lessen the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant (CFA)) by studying some of the changes in biochemical and histochemical parameters. The Wistar albino rats (male) were divided into four groups viz., Group I : A negative control group, dosed only with plain water orally, Group II : Induced for RA by CFA, a positive control group; Group III: dosed with aqueous extract of the fruit of H. undatus (kg/500 mg); and Group IV: dosed with gallic acid isolated from this fruit (kg/mg20). The results showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), platelet, interleukin 6 ( IL-6), and RF in rats treated with CFA and a significant decrease in Hb compared to the negative control group. There was a significant decrease of MDA, Platelet, IL-6, and RF in the groups treated with aqueous extract and a significant increase in Hb compared with the positive control group while there was a significant decrease in each of MDA, platelets, IL-6, and RF. Based on a histological analysis, the study group's liver and kidneys had smaller lesions and different abnormalities than the control . Thus, the fruit plant's gallic acid extracts were protective in reducing RA damage caused by CFA and improving kidney and liver tissue.

Polyethyleneimine in designed nanocomposite based magnetic halloysite nanotubes for extraction and determination of gallic acid in green tea

An innovative and simple nanocomposite denoted as MHNTs@PEI was synthesized for gallic acid (GA) analytical sample pretreatment. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized was binded onto magnetic halloysite nanotubes (MHNTs) to inhence adsorption capacity. MHNTs@PEI was obtained only through two steps modification (amination and PEI modification). Characterizations showed that there are layers of synthetic PEI on the tubular structure of the material and magnetic spheres on its surface, both indicating successful synthesis of the nanocomposite. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherms and kinetic modeling showed that the Langmuir model and pseudo-first-order model fit the adsorption data, respectively. MHNTs@PEI achieved an adsorption capacity of 158 mg·g−1. Overall, the abundant adsorption sites significantly improved the adsorption performance of the MHNTs@PEI. Regeneration tests demonstrated that the MHNTs@PEI exhibits effective adsorption, even after undergoing five consecutive cycles. Optimization of key parameters (ratio, volume of elution, elution time and frequency) in the process of adsorption and desorption was also conducted. The limit of detection (LOD) and that of the quantification (LOQ) were 0.19 and 0.63 μg·mL−1, respectively, and the recoveries were 95.67–99.43 %. Finally, the excellent magnetism (43.5 emu·g−1) and the adsorption feature of MHNTs@PEI enabled its successful utilization in analytical sample pretreatment through the extraction of GA from green tea.

Preparation of imidazole-modified paper membrane for selective extraction of gallic acid and its structural and functional analogues from Pomegranate Peel.

In the search for pharmaceutically active compounds from natural products, it is crucial and challenging to develop separation methods that target not only structurally similar compounds but also a class of compounds with desired pharmaceutical functions. To achieve both structure-oriented and function-oriented selectivity, the choice of functional monomers with broad interactions or even biomimetic roles towards targeted compounds is essential. In this work, an imidazole (IM)-functionalized paper membrane was synthesized to realize selectivity. The IM was selected based on its capability to provide multiple interactions, participation in several bioprocesses, and experimental verification of adsorption performance. Using gallic acid as a representative component of Pomegranate Peel, the preparation conditions and extraction parameters were systematically investigated. The optimal membrane solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method allowed for enrichment of gallic acid from the complex matrix of Pomegranate Peel, enabling facile quantitative analysis with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 ng mL-1. Furthermore, with the aid of cheminformatics, the extracted compounds were found to be similar in both their structures and pharmaceutical functions. This work offers a novel approach to preparing a readily synthesized extraction membrane capable of isolating compounds with similar structures and pharmaceutical effects, and provides an MSPE-based analytical method for natural products.

Sorbus Aucuparia L. Fruit Extract and its Cosmetics – As Promising Agents for Prophylactic and Treatment of Pyodermitis: Phytochemical and Microbiological Research

Background: The problem of acne is relevant. The market mostly represents synthesized substances for prevention and treatment, but medical cosmetics based on plant-origin raw material, especially fruits, can be offered. The fruits of Sorbus aucuparia L. are rich in biologically active substances, which turned out to be unique in solving problems of acne. Objective: The aim of the research was to study the phenolic composition and microbiological activity of the S. aucuparia fruit extract and the proposed medicinal cosmetics to prove the possibility of their use for the treatment of pyodermitis. Methods: The phenolic compounds of the S. aucuparia fruit extract obtained with 70% ethanol solution were studied by HPLC. The microbiological research was carried out by methods of diffusion into agar. Results: In the S. aucuparia extract gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, ellagic acid, hyperoside, rutin, quercetin-3-D-glucoside, chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic and р-coumaric acids, umbelliferone were identified and quantified. The antimicrobial activity of the S. aucuparia extract has been established. The synergism of antimicrobial activity of 1/4 and 1/64 minimal suppression concentration erythromycin against all tested Staphylococci strains was manifested by the extract. Biological active substances of S. aucuparia fruits more effectively restore sensitivity to erythromycin in Staphylococci with low macrolide resistance of Staphylococci (MLS-resistance) due to blocking reflex mechanisms. Conclusion: The S. aucuparia fruit extracts are rich in phenolic compounds and show antimicrobial activity against all used test-strains of microorganisms. The results of the study indicate their high antimicrobial activity against the main pathogens of pyodermitis - S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes.

Analysis of the bioactive components in Swietenia macrophylla leaves for their antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities

In this study, the extraction of bioactive compounds from Swietenia macrophylla leaves resulted in 50 % (v/v) acetone being the best solvent for extraction of gallic acid, total phenolic compounds, hydrolyzable tannins, and flavonoid content with maximum values of 58.769 μg/mL; 38.153 mgGAE/gdw; 10.586 mg/mL and 64.172 rutin/gdw respectively. FTIR studies indicated the presence of various compounds that have antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. Further, the study of antimicrobial activity showed that the sample acted against Gram-positive bacteria, but not Gram-negative bacteria. On conducting cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry, CV showed an anodic peak at 0.2 V with a maximum peak current was at 212 μM; whereas DPV showed various anodic peak potentials at −0.05 V, 0.13 V, 0.23 V, and 0.65 V. TLC was used to qualitatively assess the presence of various bioactive compounds in the plant sample. This study produces bioactive chemicals that are antibacterial and antioxidant.

Extraction of Gallic Acid and Ferulic Acid for Application in Hair Supplements

Food supplements based on antioxidants and vitamins are often prescribed to correct inefficiencies in the human diet and delay diseases such as premature aging and alopecia (temporary or permanent hair loss), given the free radical scavenging activity of these biomolecules. By reducing the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promote abnormal hair follicle cycling and morphology, follicle inflammation and oxidative stress are reduced, minimising the effects of these health issues. Gallic acid (GA), which is significantly present in gallnuts and in pomegranate root bark, and ferulic acid (FA), commonly found in brown rice and coffee seeds, are very important antioxidants for the preservation of hair colour, strength and growth. In this work, these two secondary phenolic metabolites were successfully extracted in the Aqueous Two-Phase Systems (ATPS) {ethyl lactate (1) + trisodium citrate (2) + water (3)} and {ethyl lactate (1) + tripotassium citrate (2) + water (3)} at 298.15 K and 0.1 MPa, moving towards the application of these ternary systems in extracting antioxidants from biowaste and their a posteriori processing as food supplements for hair fortification. The studied ATPS provided biocompatible and sustainable media for the extraction of gallic acid and ferulic acid, yielding low mass losses (<3%) and contributing to an eco-friendlier production of therapeutics. The most promising results were obtained for ferulic acid, which attained maximum partition coefficients (K) of 15 ± 5 and (3 ± 2) · 101 and maximum extraction efficiencies (E) of (92.7 ± 0.4)% and (96.7 ± 0.4)% for the longest tie-lines (TLL = 69.68 and 77.66 m%) in {ethyl lactate (1) + trisodium citrate (2) + water (3)} and {ethyl lactate (1) + tripotassium citrate (2) + water (3)}, respectively. Moreover, the effect of pH on the UV-Vis absorbance spectra was studied for all the biomolecules to minimise errors in solute quantification. Both GA and FA were found to be stable at the used extractive conditions.

Synthesis of lignin from waste leaves and its potential application for bread packaging: A waste valorization approach

In this study, lignin was synthesized from the waste leaves of Ficus auriculata obtained after the extraction of gallic acid. The synthesized lignin was incorporated into PVA films, and the neat and blended films were characterized using different techniques. Lignin addition improved the UV-shielding, thermal, antioxidant, and mechanical properties of PVA films. The water solubility decreased from 31.86 % to 7.14 ± 1.94 %, while the water vapor permeability increased from 3.85 ± 0.21 × 10−7 g.m.h−1 Pa−1 to 7.84 ± 0.64 × 10−7 g.m.h−1 Pa−1 for pure PVA film and the film containing 5 % lignin, respectively. The prepared films showed a much better performance than commercial packaging films in inhibiting mold growth during the storage of preservative-free bread. The bread samples packed with commercial packaging showed signs of mold growth on the 3rd day, while the growth was inhibited entirely till the 15th day for PVA film containing 1 % lignin. The pure PVA film and the ones containing 3 % and 5 % of lignin inhibited growth till the 12th and 9th day, respectively. Findings from the current study show that safe, cheap, and eco–friendly biomaterials can hinder the growth of spoilage microorganisms and potentially be used in food packaging.

Identification of potential bioactive phytochemicals, antioxidant properties and anticancer pathways of Terminalia ferdinandiana pulp

Fruits contain natural compounds which are useful for therapeutic effects. Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites created by plants during their biosynthetic pathways with a wide range of antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and antibacterial activities. This research was carried out to examine the antioxidant properties and bioactive phytochemicals of Terminalia ferdinandiana, as well as to investigate its anticancer processes using a network pharmacology strategy. Several phytochemicals were found during GC-MS and LC-MS/MS investigation of non-hydrolyzed samples (with SPE, without SPE), and hydrolyzed (with SPE, without SPE) fractions. The GC-MS-based analysis identified the furoic acid, pentanoic acid, levulinic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, gallic acid, and ellagic acid in the pulp extract. Moreover, LC-MS/MS-based investigation explored the presence of ellagic acid, chebulagic acid, chebulinic acid, resveratrol, catechin, p-coumaric acid, epicatechin, and gallic acid in the extract. By using the network pharmacology strategy, 100 target genes, including top hub genes associated with cancer-associated pathways were predicted. These targeted genes are mainly associated with cancer, cellular signaling, metabolism, and immunity-associated pathways. Based on the molecular docking approach, we revealed the bioactive phytochemicals that interact with hub target proteins, including AKT1, VEGFA, STAT3, SRC, and ESR1. Identification of bioactive phytochemicals and their predicted target genes may play crucial roles in the exact field of nutrigenomics, functional foods, and nutraceuticals from this natural fruit.

Reactive extraction of gallic acid by trioctylphosphine oxide in different kinds of solvents: equilibrium modeling and thermodynamic study

Reactive extraction of gallic acid by trioctylphosphine oxide in different kinds of solvents: equilibrium modeling and thermodynamic study

The recovery of gallic acid with triphenylphosphine oxide in different kind of solvents

In this study, gallic acid was separated by triphenylphosphine oxide in the presence of conventional solvents. Triphenylphosphine oxide is an organophosphorus extractant and highly selective towards carboxylic acids. Reactive extraction results were compared with physical extraction results. The extraction efficiencies reached up to 61, 76, 86, 67, and 84% in the presence of triphenylphosphine oxide with oleyl alcohol, dimethyl adipate, isobutanol, methyl isopropyl ketone, and methyl ethyl ketone, respectively. Further, the number of theoretical units and the solvent to feed ratio were calculated for the practical design of a liquid-liquid extraction column. Roughly 2 to 4 theoretical units were calculated to meet the targeted extraction efficiencies. This study is the first to investigate the reactive extraction of gallic acid by triphenylphosphine oxide, and include fundamental information for the recovery of gallic acid.

Reactive separation of gallic acid using trioctylamine in oleyl alcohol and dodecane mixtures: Equilibrium insights, modeling and optimization using RSM and ANN approaches

ABSTRACT The aim of present study is to model and optimize gallic acid (GA) reactive extraction from aqueous solution with trioctylamine (TOA) dissolved in the biocompatible mixture of oleyl alcohol, a modifier and dodecane, an inert diluent using a statistical modeling approach, response surface methodology (RSM) with rotatable central composite design, and artificial neural network (ANN). The optimal values of input parameters for maximum extraction (86%) of GA are found as follows: (i) initial GA concentration ( = 0.387 mol/L); (ii) temperature, T = 26.5°C; (iii) initial TOA concentration ( = 0.049 mol/L); (iv) modifier volume, V = 70% at 101.325 kPa pressure. Predicted responses in terms of extraction degree using RSM and ANN are found to be very close to experimental values. The overall apparent equilibrium constants (K E = 37.24 and 22.38) and stoichiometry of reaction between acid and extractant (m =1.25 and 1.16) are determined considering negligible and 50% physical extraction, respectively. Individual equilibrium constants ( and ) for 1:1 and 2:1 GA:TOA complexes and their concentrations, C11 and C21, respectively, are calculated. Differential evolution approach, a bio-inspired algorithm, is used to investigate the insights of extraction mechanism at the optimum conditions.

Reactive extraction of gallic acid using tri-n-octylamine in a biocompatible mixture of diluents

The present study is an approach to develop a biocompatible extraction system using tri-n-octylamine (TOA), with a modifier, 1-decanol and inert diluent, n-dodecane for the recovery of gallic acid (GA) from aqueous solution. The effects of GA concentration, modifier volume ratio, solvent polarity and pH of aqueous solution on reactive extraction of GA, are examined. With optimized extraction system of 20% TOA with 40% 1-decanol and 40% n-dodecane, further investigations are carried out for the determination of reaction stoichiometry ( m = 1.53 – 2.02), equilibrium constants (K E = 20.30 – 83.23) and thermodynamics (∆H o = -94,385.86 J.mol –1 , ∆S o = -267.51 J.mol –1 .K –1 and ∆G o = -14,627.83 to -6602.54 J.mol –1 .K –1 ) in the range of GA concentrations (0.00294 kmol.m –3 – 0.04703 kmol.m –3 ) at different temperature (298.15 K – 328.15 K) using a bio-inspired, population based genetic algorithm, differential evolution (DE). At the temperature 298.15 K, maximum distribution of GA in organic phase is found as 81%.

Estimation of Gallic Acid in Triphala Using Enzymatic Hydrolysis

A well-known Ayurvedic formulation, Triphala has numerous health benefits like appetite stimulation, controls diabetes, reduces cholesterol, relieves stress, alleviates inflammation and treats a variety of bacterial and fungal infections along with digestive problems. The phytoconstituents flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols and many chemical compounds are responsible for its claimed health benefits. One of the very significant compounds is gallic acid, which is reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and antioxidant properties that are beneficial in treatment of several diseases. In the present work using gallic acid as a marker, an attempt has been made to extract gallic acid from tannins present in Triphala by enzymatic hydrolysis and subsequent estimation of total gallic acid content by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Rhizopus oryzae fungus is cultured for the production of enzyme tannase, which converts tannins into gallic acid. The extracted gallic acid is estimated in the biocatalyzed sample at optimal process parameters by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. The gallic acid content after treatment with enzyme was found to be doubled 0.296 ± 0.018 mg/ml, Rf value 0.37 at 254nm which was 0.197 ± 0.008 mg/ml and Rf value was 0.37 prior to enzymatic treatment. Gallic acid in Triphala is present in free form as well as the constituent of tannins. There is a remarkable yield of gallic acid from tannins using the enzyme Tannase in the conversion process. Application of such advanced technology increases the gallic acid yield from response surfaces in herbal and ayurvedic products containing gallic acid. The extraction condition of phenolic compounds can be optimised using enzyme hydrolysis. The effective factors including the solid to solvent ratio, enzyme concentration, particle size and extraction time can be optimised. Keywords: Triphala, Gallic acid, Tannin, Rhizopus oryzae, Tannase, HPTLC

Reactive Extraction of Gallic Acid Using Trioctylamine and Tributyl Phosphate with Natural Oils

AbstractExperimental and theoretical perspectives of reactive extraction of gallic acid (GA) from aqueous solutions using tri‐n‐butyl phosphate (TBP) and tri‐n‐octylamine (TOA) as extractant dissolved in three nontoxic natural oils, namely, rice bran oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil, are investigated. The solvent's extractability is observed in an order of sunflower oil &gt; rice bran oil &gt; soybean oil and rice bran oil &gt; sunflower oil &gt; soybean oil with TOA and TBP, respectively. The theoretical insights of reaction mechanisms for the extraction of GA are estimated in the form of overall equilibrium constants (KE), stoichiometric coefficients (m), individual equilibrium constants (K11, K12, K21), and concentrations (C11, C12, and C21) of various complexes formed between extractant and acid.

Selective Recognition of Gallic Acid Using Hollow Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers with Double Imprinting Surfaces.

Gallic acid is widely used in the field of food and medicine due to its diversified bioactivities. The extraction method with higher specificity and efficiency is the key to separate and purify gallic acid from complex biological matrix. Herein, using self-made core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIP) with gallic acid as template, a hollow magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (HMMIP) with double imprinting/adsorption surfaces was prepared by etching the mesoporous silica intermediate layer of MMIP. The characterization and adsorption research showed that the HMMIP had larger specific surface area, higher magnetic response strength and a more stable structure, and the selectivity and saturated adsorption capacity (2.815 mmol/g at 318 K) of gallic acid on HMMIP were better than those of MMIP. Thus, in addition to MMIP, the improved HMMIP had excellent separation and purification ability to selectively extract gallic acid from complex matrix with higher specificity and efficiency.

Reactive Extraction of Gallic Acid Using Tri-N-Octylamine in a Biocompatible Mixture of Modifier and Inert Solvent: Equilibria and Thermodynamics

Reactive Extraction of Gallic Acid Using Tri-N-Octylamine in a Biocompatible Mixture of Modifier and Inert Solvent: Equilibria and Thermodynamics

GALLIC ACID ANALYSIS BY HIGH-RESOLUTION LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY ON REVERSE PHASES IN RASPBERRY FLOWER EXTRACT (Rubus idaeus L.)

Gallic acid is a phenolic acid widely spread in various plants, where it is present either in free form or as part of tannins, called gallotannins. It shows several positive effects on human health. It has different biological effects: antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory. Many scientists are showing great interest in gallic acid precisely because of its antitumor effect. The content of gallic acid was determined in (Rubus idaeus L.) Polka raspberry by applying reverse-phase high-resolution liquid chromatography on reverse phases on Shimadzu Prominence Modular HPLC with UV/Vis detector, mobile phase degasser, pump, autosampler, and column oven. The analysis was performed in ethanolic extracts of Polka raspberry flower obtained by the Soxhlet extraction and the ultrasonic methods. Raspberry flowers (Rubus idaeus L.) Polka varieties were collected from two different localities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely: Starposle near Kakanj and Moševac near Maglaj. Gallic acid was determined in all analyzed samples of Polka raspberry. The highest gallic acid content was determined in the extract of Polka raspberry flower from the Maglaj-Moševac site, using the ultrasonic method (0.1789%), and the smallest in the Polka raspberry flower from the Kakanj Starposle site, using Soxhlet extraction (0.0995%). The proportion of gallic acid was higher in the extract of Polka raspberry flower from the Maglaj-Moševac site, which suggests that these flowers of Polka variety are recommended as better natural sources of this phenolic acid and that ultrasonic extraction has proven to be a more efficient method for extraction of gallic acid in ethanolic extracts, which is the goal of research.