Extraction Of Ferulic Acid Research Articles

Biotransformation of maize bran-derived ferulic acid to vanillin using an adapted strain of Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116.

Maize bran, an agro-processing waste residue, is a good source of ferulic acid that can be further valorized for vanillin production. However, extraction of ferulic acid from natural sources has been challenging due to low concentrations and intensive extraction procedures. In the present work, ferulic acid streams (purities ranging from 5% to 75%) extracted from maize bran using thermochemical methods were evaluated for biotransformation to vanillin, employing Amycolatopsis sp. as a whole-cell biocatalyst. Initial adaptation studies were critical in improving ferulic acid assimilation and its conversion to vanillin by 65% and 56%, respectively by the fourth adaptation cycle. The effect of cell's physiological states and vanillic acid supplementation on vanillin production was studied using standard ferulic acid as a substrate in an effort to achieve further improvement in vanillin yield. In the presence of vanillic acid, 18 h cultured cells using 2 g/L of standard and isolated ferulic acid produced vanillin concentrations of up to 0.71 and 0.48 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, intermediates involved in the ferulic acid catabolic pathway and their interrelations were studied using GC-MS analysis. Results indicated that two different routes were involved in the catabolism of standard ferulic acid, and similar metabolic routes were observed for an isolated ferulic acid stream. These findings effectively evaluated isolated ferulic acid for sustainable vanillin production while reducing agro-industrial waste pollution.

Improvement in caffeic acid and ferulic acid extraction by oscillation-assisted mild hydrothermal pretreatment from sorghum straws

This work investigated the effect of oscillation-assisted hydrothermal process on extraction of caffeic acid and ferulic acid from sorghum straws. The results showed that the oscillation-assisted hydrothermal process efficiently improved extraction of caffeic acid and ferulic acid. The oscillation-assisted hydrothermal process resulted in the extraction rates of 1275.48 and 1822.64 mg/L.h for caffeic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. Moreover, the oscillation-assisted hydrothermal process exerted destructive effects on hemicellulose, lignin and the amorphous regions of cellulose, contributing to the release of caffeic acid and ferulic acid in pretreated sorghum straws. The scavenging activities for hydroxyl, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radicals of the caffeic acid and ferulic acid extracts obtained by the oscillation-assisted hydrothermal process were determined to be 83.69 %, 84.17 % and 88.45 %, respectively.

Recycling of deep eutectic solvent in the extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunch.

The study explored ferulic acid extraction from palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber using deep eutectic solvent (DES) of chlorine chloride-acetic acid as the extraction medium and the way to recover and recycle the DES thereafter. Antisolvent was added to selectively precipitate the ferulic acid, which was recovered by filtration thereafter. Recycling the DES without further purification led to increased ferulic acid yield with each subsequent extraction, likely due to retained ferulic acid. The retained ferulic acid and other impurities could be removed by precipitation brought upon by the addition of a second antisolvent. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that there was no excess ferulic acid in the recycled DES-treated with two types of antisolvents (ethanol and water). The yield of ferulic acid increased from 0.1367-0.1856g/g when treated with only one antisolvent to 0.1368-0.2897g/g with two antisolvent treatments. Oil droplets were also observed in the DES upon the addition of antisolvent 2, with recovered oil ranging from 0.6% to 3%. The study emphasized the significance of using DES as an extraction medium for ferulic acid from oil palm EFB fiber and the method to recycle the DES for subsequent processes.

Extraction of Ferulic acid from beetroot and tea leaves and its optimization

Ferulic acid (FA), a phenolic compound widely distributed in various plant sources, has shown promising antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. In this work, we extracted ferulic acid from beetroot and tea leaves by alkaline hydrolysis method, in which the ferulic acid from beetroot is more prominent than ferulic acid from tea leaves. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity tests were performed to check the activity of ferulic acid. It was observed that beetroot has high antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory activity than tea leaves. Additionally, we focused on the optimization of ferulic acid extraction from beetroot using three different methods: one factor at a time, Plackett-Burman design and Response surface methodology. Initially, one factor at a time approach was utilized to evaluate the effects of individual factors such as substrate concentration, pH, temperature, agitation speed and incubation period on ferulic acid yield. Subsequently, Plackett-Burman design was employed to screen the significant factors influencing ferulic acid extraction and it was found that substrate concentration, agitation speed and temperature efficiency influence the yield of ferulic acid. Finally, Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to further optimize the extraction process and determine the optimal conditions for maximum ferulic acid yield. The results obtained from the optimization studies indicated that 2g substrate concentration, 100 agitation speed and 30 ◦C to 37 ◦C temperature significantly influenced the yield of ferulic acid from beetroot. The RSM analysis provided an optimized set of extraction parameters that maximized the ferulic acid yield.

Enzymatic extraction of ferulic acid from brewer’s spent grain: Effect of physical pretreatments and optimization using design of experiments

Brewers' grains (BSG), the main waste product of the beer industry, are widely available and rich in fiber and bioactive compounds. Ferulic acid (FA) is the main phenolic compound in BSG, it has antioxidant and antibacterial properties that make it a valuable product for cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. Alkaline hydrolysis is the common technology for extracting FA from biomass, this technology needs to be substituted as it is non-selective and requires harsh conditions making purification more complicated and expensive. This research work presents enzymatic hydrolysis as a green alternative for FA extraction. Five commercial enzymes were screened and compared for their hydrolytic efficiency to release FA. Prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis, autoclave was selected as the most effective pretreatment. Depol 740L was selected as the desired enzyme based on its high feruloyl esterase activity (0.4 U/mL). The enzymatic extraction parameters (pH, temperature and enzyme dosage) were optimized using response surface methodology. The highest FA recovery, 1.06 ± 0.01 mg/g dry weight (43.13% in comparison with the alkaline hydrolysis), could be achieved at pH 5.27; temperature 60 °C and 1.72% enzyme. The optimal extraction conditions were found to be sufficient within 22 h, as determined by a kinetic study.

Extraction of ferulic acid from rice bran using NADES‐ultrasound‐assisted extraction: Kinetics and optimization

AbstractThe application of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) has been studied for the ultrasound‐assisted extraction of ferulic acid (FA) from Defatted rice bran at 25 kHz. Choline chloride‐hydrogen bond acceptor and D‐glucose‐hydrogen bond donor in 1:1 (w/v) ratio with 50% NADES and 1:20 (w/v) solute to solvent ratio has been employed. Essential ultrasonic parameters such as power, temperature, and duty cycle have been optimized. The kinetics have been studied using Peleg's model to predict the extraction yield of FA. The experimental yield was found to be in agreement with the predicted yield of FA, suggesting a good fit for the model. The maximum yield of 9.34 mg/g was estimated through optimized parameters of 50 W power, 50°C temperature, 50 % duty cycle and extraction time of 16 mins. At the same time, the obtained yield of FA in conventional extraction and NADES extraction (without ultrasound) was 3.33 mg/g and 8.71 mg/g, respectively. The proposed NADES for the ultrasound‐assisted extraction of FA was a superior alternative in terms of less time, greener solvent, and high yield.Practical ApplicationUltrasound‐assisted extraction is a green method that is commonly used for the extraction of natural ingredients. In this study, the NADES mixture was irradiated with ultrasound to extract the maximum amount of ferulic acid. Various parameters have been studied by both experimentally as well as kinetically. Peleg's model has been used for the kinetic study. This greener approach of NADES‐ultrasound‐assisted extraction showed the highest yield of ferulic acid compared with other extraction methods. Also, the extracted ferulic acid finds application in various industries.

Purification of ferulic acid from corn fibre alkaline extracts for bio-vanillin production using an adsorption process

Ferulic acid is the most widely studied precursor for bio-vanillin production. This work assesses the use of an alkaline extract from corn fibre for bio-vanillin production. The results show that after extraction an additional step is needed to purify ferulic acid removing toxic/inhibitor compounds. An adsorption process was selected to purify the ferulic acid. The performances of four different macroporous resins prepared from different matrix materials were evaluated. Macronet® MN102 (not yet reported for ferulic acid purification) offered the highest ferulic acid adsorption capacity. A column packed with Macronet® MN102 was used to perform dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments, which showed a maximum ferulic acid adsorption capacity of 176 mgferulic acid.g−1dry resin at pH 4.5 at a flow rate of 3.7 BV (bed volumes).h−1. The breakthrough point was at 115 min, corresponding to an adsorption capacity of 85 mgferulic acid.g−1dry resin. In the desorption step, 90.9% of ferulic acid was recovered using absolute ethanol ≥ 99.8%) as eluent, at the same flow rate of 3.7 BV (bed volumes).h−1. This procedure confirmed the removal of compounds with a microbial inhibitory effect, such as organic acids, metals and some aldehydes. The purified ferulic acid extract was then used to produce bio-vanillin. The bio-vanillin production by Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116, using a single pulse of an extract with 10 g.L-1 of ferulic acid extract, led to a maximum vanillin concentration of 5 g.L-1 and a vanillin yield of 0.52 gvanillin.gferulic acid-1, values comparable to those obtained with a commercial solution containing 10 g.L-1 of ferulic acid.

Extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm pressed fiber by a choline chloride based deep eutectic solvent

AbstractResults on the extraction of ferulic acid from palm pressed fiber using deep eutectic solvent (DES) of choline chloride‐acetic acid (ChCl‐AA) and choline chloride‐citric acid (ChCl‐CA) are reported. Acetic acid was found to be a better hydrogen bond donor to choline chloride than citric acid for the extraction of ferulic acid. Influence of water content in both DES was investigated whereby ChCl‐AA and ChCl‐CA experienced a drop in viscosity from 9.678 to 1.429 and 22.658 ± 1.655 mm2/s, respectively as the water content in the DES increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The drop in viscosity contributed to higher extraction efficiency in which 41,155 ± 940 mg/kg ferulic acid was obtained after 6 h reflux when ChCl‐AA with 30 wt% water was used for the extraction compared to 30,940 ± 621 mg/kg when neat ChCl‐AA was used. Further increase in water content in the DES however, did not lead to higher extraction efficiency. Although viscosity of the DES could be improved with the addition of water, there is a threshold where the DES could tolerate the presence of water without changing its solvent behavior. Surface response model revealed that interaction between heating duration and water content in DES, as well as second order effect of both heating duration and water content in DES played important roles in the extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm pressed fiber. The optimum condition for extraction of ferulic acid from palm pressed fiber was heating for 6 h with DES containing 30 wt% water.

A Greener Approach for the Extraction of Ferulic Acid from Rice Bran Using Deep Eutectic Solvent

A Greener Approach for the Extraction of Ferulic Acid from Rice Bran Using Deep Eutectic Solvent

Antimicrobial Activity of Ferulic Acid in Indonesian Purple Rice through Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Purple rice is a potential source of ferulic acid, which has antimicrobial properties. However, the inhibitory mechanism of ferulic acid on the growth of bacteria, particularly Salmonella and Listeria, has not been elucidated. This study aimed to determine the bioactivity of ferulic acid from purple rice as an antimicrobial agent against Salmonella typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes using in vitro and in silico analyses. The antimicrobial activity of a purple rice ferulic acid extract was tested using the agar well diffusion method. Its effect on bacterial cells was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Ferulic acid was confirmed to have antimicrobial properties using in silico software to attenuate the binding of bacterial virulence factors (lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and flagellins) to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and to prevent interactions with peptidoglycans. The purple rice ferulic acid extract inhibited bacterial growth. The inhibitory effects included induction of a biofilm and shrinkage of S. Typhimurium, as well as osmotic lysis of L. monocytogenes. This activity was supported by the ability of ferulic acid to inhibit the binding of bacterial virulence factors with TLRs and block bacterial peptidoglycans. These findings indicate that the purple rice ferulic acid extract acts as antimicrobial, both directly to bacterial cells and indirectly through TLRs. We conclude that ferulic acid from Indonesian purple rice has a biological function as an antimicrobial agent.

Extraction of ferulic acid and feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides from wheat bran using pressurized hot water

Pressurized water was tested as solvent for the hydrolysis and extraction of Ferulic acid (FA) and feruloylated arabinoxylooligosaccharides (F-AXOS) from destarched wheat bran (DWB). Results were dependent on the severity factor of the process (combination of temperature and time), obtaining the maximum extraction yields at 200°C and 3.5 min. 78% of the total FA was successfully extracted, being 17% in its free form and the rest, covalent ester-bounded to arabinoxylans. Under such conditions, 80% of the arabinoxylans are extracted with a degree of FA esterification of 1.34 g FA/100 g AXOS, and an average molecular weight of 1,3·104 Da. Pressurized Microwave Assisted Extraction was also studied to evaluate potential intensification of the process using microwaves. However, no significant differences were observed with the microwave heating. Residual solid after extraction was mainly composed by lignin and cellulose (56% and 21%, respectively) showing that hot compressed water technology can be integrated in the first steps of a biorefinery for the total valorization of the wheat bran.

Valorization of banana peels waste into biovanillin and optimization of process parameters using submerged fermentation

Vanillin is used as an aroma and flavoring agent in the food, beverage, and cosmetic industries. Vanilla planifolia is the major source of natural vanillin with a market price of 1200–4000$ per kg. To fulfill the market demand, low price vanillin is synthesized chemically i.e., 15 $/kg but European and US legislation considers it unnatural and recommends biosynthesis by fermentation. Ferulic acid is the main and costly precursor for vanillin production. It is naturally present in lignin-enriched agricultural wastes. Therefore, the present study was designed to extract ferulic acid from banana peels and then convert it into biovanillin using Enterobacter hormaechei . Different fermentative parameters like substrate concentration, incubation period, pH, temperature, and agitation speed were optimized via submerged fermentation by varying one factor at a time. From 100 g of banana peels, 60 ± 0.35 mg ferulic acid was extracted and used as a substrate for biovanillin production. The maximum significant (p-value < 0.05) production of biovanillin i.e., 3.8 ± 0.14 g/L was observed by bioconversion of 7 g/L of ferulic acid at 24 h of incubation time, pH 7, 30 °C and agitation speed of 150 rpm. Identification of produced vanillin was done by FTIR and quantification by HPLC method. It was found to be 97% pure in comparison to the standard of Sigma-Aldrich. Hence, the fruit by-product i.e., banana peels served as a useful substrate for the biosynthesis of vanillin. These conditions can be further optimized on a pilot scale to commercialize the product. • Ferulic acid is naturally present in lignin enriched agricultural wastes. • Extraction of ferulic acid from banana peels was done and then converted to biovanillin using Enterobacter hormaechei. • Fermentation conditions were optimized via submerged fermentation by varying one factor at a time. • Identification of produced vanillin was done by FTIR and was found to be 97% by HPLC method. • First study on biovanillin production biotechnologically using banana peels as a ferulic acid source.

Magnetic carbon nanotubes-molecularly imprinted polymer coupled with HPLC for selective enrichment and determination of ferulic acid in traditional Chinese medicine and biological samples

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with magnetic carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) as carrier was synthesized and used for the enrichment and determination of ferulic acid (FA) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The morphology and structure of the FA magnetic carbon nanotubes-molecularly imprinted polymers (MCNTs@FA-MIPs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results demonstrated that the prepared MCNTs@FA-MIPs had excellent magnetic properties and uniform appearance. The adsorption properties of the novel MIP were studied by kinetic, and isothermal adsorption experiments. The results showed that the MCNTs@FA-MIPs exhibited relatively good uptake kinetics (equilibrium time, 2 h), high adsorption capacity (50 mg⋅g−1), fast separation, and good selectivity for the template molecule with a separation factor α of 1.73. The MCNTs@FA-MIPs combined with HPLC were successfully applied to the separation, enrichment, and determination of FA in a Ligusticum chuanxiong extract and in plasma of rats which had been administered with Taitai beauty essence. The recoveries for FA were 95.53–100.03 % with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 5.5%. The results confirmed that the proposed MCNTs@FA-MIPs offered efficient extraction of FA from traditional Chinese medicinal preparations and blood samples and with high specificity.

Micro-mixing in flow-type process for supercritical CO2 extraction of ferulic acid and gallic acid from aqueous solution

Micro-mixing technique in a flow-type process was applied for supercritical CO2 extraction of ferulic acid and gallic acid from aqueous solutions. Four principles of micro-mixing techniques such as swirl-mixing, cross-junction, T-junction, and cross-flow T-junction were used for the supercritical extractions. Swirl-mixer provides the best micro-mixing technique in terms of high extraction efficiency and high stability of the length of liquid slug formation. Using swirl-mixing technique, gallic acid was slightly extracted from single-component aqueous solution and its extraction efficiency was lower than ferulic acid. However, extraction of gallic acid from an aqueous solution containing both gallic and ferulic acids was undetectable since it acts as the promoter to facilitate the extraction of ferulic acid into CO2 extracts. At 39.5 °C, 14.3 MPa and using swirl-mixing technique, the extraction efficiency of ferulic acid from the aqueous solution was 10.5 % and it was further increased to 11.6 % with addition of 2.0 mol. % of ethanol as co-solvent. These results show the applicability of micro-mixing for supercritical CO2 extraction of highly polar compounds from aqueous solution.

Investigation on the use of deep eutectic solvent with microwave assistance for the extraction of ferulic acid from palm pressed fibre

Ferulic acid is a highly sought-after compound as functional food and nutraceuticals due to its antioxidative, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. Extraction of ferulic acid from oil palm pressed fibre by using microwave assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction was studied and reported. The influence of water content in the DES, microwave irradiation temperature and duration on the extraction efficiency were investigated. The viscosity of the DES of ChCl-AA, reduced from 9.678 ​mm2/s to 5.7356 ​mm2/s as the water content in the DES increased from 0% to 10% (v/v). DES with 30% (v/v) water (viscosity 2.547 ​mm2/s) was found to be optimal for ferulic acid extraction. The amount of ferulic acid extracted under microwave heating at 60 ​°C for 9 ​min were 0.609 ​mg/g – 0.617 ​mg/g and up to 1.123 ​mg/g when heated for 15 ​min. Response surface method showed that the microwave assisted DES extraction of ferulic acid from palm pressed fibre depended on the microwave temperature, heating duration and the interaction between the heating temperature and duration.

Microbial conversion of vanillin from ferulic acid extracted from raw coir pith

Coir pith, an agro-industrial residue, is resistant to natural degradation, and its accumulation causes environmental pollution. Ferulic acid, a precursor of vanillin, was extracted from the raw coir pith by chemical pre-treatment such as alkaline hydrolysis, acidification, and liquid–liquid extraction method. The obtained ferulic acid (1.2 g/50 g) was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and used as a substrate for biotransformation by Aspergillus niger to vanillic acid, which, in turn, was fermented by using Phanerochaete chrysosporium to vanillin. The quantity of vanillic acid detected by HPLC on the third day of incubation was 0.773 g/L, while the optimal yield of vanillin on the subsequent third day of incubation was 0.628 g/L. Thus, the chemical extraction of ferulic acid from coir pith ensued bioconversion into vanillin. These products are highly valuable and economical to be used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, health, cosmetics, and neutraceuticals.

Ferulic acid production from brewery spent grains, an agro-industrial waste

This research aims at the utilization of an agro-industrial waste, the brewery spent grains (BSG) for the extraction of a natural antioxidant, the ferulic acid. Brewery spent grain was initially treated with dilute sulfuric acid, and then subjected to alkaline hydrolysis using NaOH, prior to ferulic acid extraction and purification. X-ray diffraction analysis of the raw and hydrolyzed BSG showed the evidence for a possible release of phenolic extractives. The effect of extraction time (100, 120 and 140 min), temperature (60, 90, and 120 °C), and alkali concentration (1, 2 and 3% (w/v) on the ferulic acid yield was optimized by the Box Behnken Design, using Response Surface Methodology. Accordingly, the experimental ferulic acid yield obtained at optimized conditions (90 min, 120 °C and 2% (w/v) NaOH concentration) was determined to be 46.17 mg/100 g BSG. The total phenolic, flavonoid, protein and reducing sugar content of ferulic acid extract were measured. Antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed the presence of ferulic acid. Results of this present research provides an alternative insight into the waste management of BSG through ferulic acid extraction.

A biorefinery approach for the production of ferulic acid from agroresidues through ferulic acid esterase of lactic acid bacteria.

Ferulic acid is a known precursor for vanillin production but the significance of agro waste as substrates for its extraction, in combination with microbes is a less explored option. Various lactic acid bacteria were screened for the production of ferulic acid esterase (FAE) and Enterococcus lactis SR1 was found to produce maximum FAE (7.54 ± 0.15IU/ml) in the synthetic medium under submerged fermentation. To make the process cost effective, various lignocellulosic agroresidues were evaluated for the production of FAE from the bacterium. It was found that wheat bran serves as the best substrate for FAE production (4.18 ± 0.12IU/ml) from E. lactis SR1. Further, optimization of fermentation conditions for FAE production from E. lactis SR1 using wheat bran as carbon source led to an increase in the enzyme production (7.09 ± 0.21IU/ml) by 1.5 fold. The FAE produced was used alone or in combination with commercial holocellulase for biological release of FA from the tested agroresidues. The highest release of FA (mg/g) by enzymatic extraction occurred in sugarbeet pulp (2.56), followed by maize bran (1.45), wheat bran (1.39) and rice bran (0.87), when both the enzymes (FAE and holocellulase) were used together. Alkaline extraction and purification of ferulic acid (FA) from these agro residues also showed that sugarbeet pulp contains the highest amount of FA (5.5mg/g) followed by maize bran (3.0mg/g), wheat bran (2.8mg/g) and rice bran (1.9mg/g), similar to the trend obtained in biological/enzymatic extraction of FA from these residues. Furthermore, the substrates were found to release higher reducing sugars when both commercial holocellulase and FAE were used in combination than by the use of holocellulase alone. Thus, FAEs not only release FA but also enabled hemicellulase and cellulase to release more sugars from plant material.

Effective Utilization of Pineapple Waste, Evaluation of Ferulic Acid, Micro Nutrients and Antioxidant Property

India is the second-largest producer of fruit and vegetable producers. Usually, after fruit intake, fruit peel is left as waste. The main bioactive components of pineapple are phenolic compounds, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids. Ferulic acid is a phenolic acid widely used in the nutritional and cosmetic fields. In this study, pineapple peel was dried, powdered, and vitamin content (A, B, B1, B2, B6, B12 &amp; C), calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc and food fiber were analyzed. Moreover, in the present study, traditional and non-conventional processes such as Soxhlet extraction, supreme fluid extraction, and normal solvent extraction was used for the extraction of ferulic acid, which is a precursor for vanillin synthesis. The quantification of ferulic acid was done by High performance fluid chromatographic (HPL C) method. After the above-mentioned extraction process overall phenolic and antioxidant activity were also evaluated and compared. The highest concentrations of ferulic acid (0.7696g/100 g), phenolic compound (2.365mg / GAE), antioxidant activity (45 percent), and yield (90.5 %) were obtained for Soxhlet extraction using methanol.

A Novel and Simpler Alkaline Hydrolysis Methodology for Extraction of Ferulic Acid from Brewer's Spent Grain and its (Partial) Purification through Adsorption in a Synthetic Resin.

This work aims to develop simpler methodologies of extracting ferulic acid (FA) from brewer’s spent grain (BSG). BSG is produced by brewing companies at high amounts all over the year and does not possess a direct application. Thus, its use as raw material for extraction of bioactive compounds has gained attention in the last years. FA has different interesting applications in cosmetics, food industry, and pharmaceutics. Several studies aim for its extraction from BSG by various methods, namely alkaline hydrolysis. In the present work, we suggest the use of autoclave to process higher amounts of BSG in a lab scale. A simplification of the regular post-hydrolysis procedures is also proposed to decrease the number of experimental steps and energy costs and to simultaneously increase the extraction yield (up to 470 mg of FA per 100 g of BSG). The adsorption of extracted FA in a synthetic resin is suggested as a partial purification method.