Extraction Of Bioactive Substances Research Articles

Determination of the Chemical Content of Shilajit in Terms of Ten Different Polyphenolic Compounds by UAE Method and HPLC Analysis

Shilajit (Mumio) is a complex of natural bioactive compounds that has historically been used as a therapeutic cream for many skin diseases and is suitable in traditional medicine for diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's and cancer. In this study, to determine the polyphenolic content of Shilajit, extracts obtained at 45 degrees were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) for the quantitative analysis of ten different polyphenolic compounds. As a result of the experimental study, 28.99±1.23 µg/g routine, 25.47±1.67 µg/g ferulic acid, 41.49±0.41 µg/g resveratrol and 532.19±8.21 µg/g taxifolin was obtained. This study's results will significantly contribute to sectors such as the extraction of bioactive substances, scaling studies, and their use as food supplements and pharmaceutical applications.

Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction of Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Compounds from Bee Pollen with Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Response Surface Methodology.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in green extraction methods and green solvents due to their many advantages. In this study, the effects of an ultrasonic extraction method and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on the extraction of different bioactive substances from bee pollen were investigated. In this regard, the effects of process variables such as the molar ratio of the DES (1, 1.5, and 2), sonication time (15, 30, and 45 min), and ultrasonic power (90, 135 and 180 W) on total individual amino acids, total individual organic acids, and total individual phenolic compounds were investigated by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were found to be a molar ratio of 2, sonication time of 45 min, and ultrasonic power of 180 W (R2 = 0.84). Extracts obtained via the maceration method using ethanol as a solvent were evaluated as the control group. Compared with the control group, the total individual amino acid and total individual organic acid values were higher using DESs. In addition, compounds such as myricetin, kaempferol, and quercetin were extracted at higher concentrations using DESs compared to controls. The results obtained in antimicrobial activity tests showed that the DES groups had broad-spectrum antibacterial effects against all bacterial samples, without exception. However, in yeast-like fungus samples, this inhibition effect was negligibly low. This study is the first to evaluate the impact of DESs on the extraction of bioactive substances from bee pollen. The obtained results show that this innovative and green extraction technique/solvent (ultrasonic extraction/DES) can be used successfully to obtain important bioactive compounds from bee pollen.

Composition and antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa extracted using an ultrasonic-microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent extraction method

A time-saving, efficient, and environmentally friendly ultrasonic-microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent (UMAE-NADES) extraction method was developed for the extraction of anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa. Eight different natural eutectic solvents were screened initially, and choline chloride-glycerol was selected as the extraction solvent. The extraction conditions were optimized using the response surface methodology, and the extraction rate of anthocyanins was higher than those achieved using the traditional ethanol method, natural deep eutectic solvent extraction method, and ultrasonic-microwave-assisted ethanol method. Six anthocyanins, including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-O-xyloside, cyanidin-3,5-O-dihexoside, and the dimer of cyanidin-hexoside were identified and extracted at a purity of 448.873 mg/g using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The compounds extracted using UMAE-NADES had higher antioxidant capacities than those extracted by the other three methods. The UMAE-NADES demonstrated significant efficiency toward the extraction of bioactive substances and has potential utility in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Green Extraction of Carotenoids from Fruit and Vegetable Byproducts: A Review.

Carotenoids are characterized by a wide range of health-promoting properties. For example, they support the immune system and wound healing process and protect against UV radiation’s harmful effects. Therefore, they are used in the food industry and cosmetics, animal feed, and pharmaceuticals. The main sources of carotenoids are the edible and non-edible parts of fruit and vegetables. Therefore, the extraction of bioactive substances from the by-products of vegetable and fruit processing can greatly reduce food waste. This article describes the latest methods for the extraction of carotenoids from fruit and vegetable byproducts, such as solvent-free extraction—which avoids the costs and risks associated with the use of petrochemical solvents, reduces the impact on the external environment, and additionally increases the purity of the extract—or green extraction using ultrasound and microwaves, which enables a significant improvement in process efficiency and reduction in extraction time. Another method is supercritical extraction with CO2, an ideal supercritical fluid that is non-toxic, inexpensive, readily available, and easily removable from the product, with a high penetration capacity.

Biological Application of Porous Aromatic Frameworks: State of the Art and Opportunities.

Porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) were first reported in 2009 and have quickly attracted much attention because of their exceptionally ultrahigh specific surface area (5800 m2·g-1). Uniquely, PAFs are constructed from carbon-carbon-bond-linked aromatic-based building units, which render PAFs extremely stable in various environments. At present, PAFs have been applied in many fields, such as adsorption, catalysis, ion exchange, electrochemistry, and so on. However, for such a unique material, its application in the biological fields is still rarely explored. Therefore, this Perspective introduces the reported application of PAFs in biological fields, for instance, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, artificial enzymes, drug delivery, and extraction of bioactive substances. Major challenges and opportunities for future research on PAFs in biology and biomedicine are identified in diagnostic platforms, novel drug carriers/antidotes, and novel artificial enzymes.

Obtaining biodiesel from the enzymatic reaction of bioethanol and crude palm oil which is a fermentation product of corn cob with microorganisms, and the extraction of bioactive substances from the physical refining of biodiesel

Bioethanol was obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cob and then fermentation with microorganisms (yeast). With the bioethanol obtained, biodiesel was obtained from crude palm oil (CPO) by enzymatic method. Bioactive substances were extracted from the phase rich in bioactive substances separated by saponification of CPO and from the sediment obtained from the physical refining of biodiesel.

Effect of Solvents on Extraction of Bioactive Substances from CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS and Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiglycation Activities

Effect of Solvents on Extraction of Bioactive Substances from CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS and Their Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiglycation Activities

Optimization ultrasound‐assisted extraction of anthocyanins from cranberry using response surface methodology coupled with genetic algorithm and identification anthocyanins with HPLC‐MS 2

Cranberry contains abundant anthocyanins. In this study, the extraction process for the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of anthocyanins from cranberry was optimized using response surface methodology coupled with genetic algorithm. The optimum extraction parameters to achieve the highest yield of anthocyanins (7.25 ± 0.02) mg/g from cranberry via UAE were obtained at an extraction temperature of 53°C, ultrasound power of 310 W, ultrasound time of 33 min, and ethanol concentration of 52%. High-speed countercurrent chromatography was used to separate and enrich main anthocyanins from cranberry. The purified anthocyanin components were analyzed by HPLC-MS2. Seven major kinds of anthocyanins were detected and identified for the first time peonidin-3-(6-malon)-glucoside with a purity of 82.13% and pelargonidin-3-(6-malon)-glucoside with a purity of 85.37% in cranberry. Hence, ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins was an effective and rapid method. This method has a broad application prospect in the extraction of bioactive substances from natural plant resources. Practical applications Cranberries (Oxycoccos), as a good source of bioactive compounds, include anthocyanins, flavanols, various vitamins, superoxide dismutase, and phenolic acids, and the extraction process for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins from cranberry was optimized using response surface methodology coupled with genetic algorithm in this study. High-speed countercurrent chromatography was used to separate and enrich main anthocyanins from cranberry. This finding provides a new method for the extraction of anthocyanins from cranberry.

Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Anthocyanins from Raspberry Wine Residues: Process Optimization, Isolation, Purification, and Bioactivity Determination

Raspberry wine residues (RWR) contain abundant anthocyanins. The extraction conditions for the ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) of anthocyanins from RWR were optimized using response surface methodology coupled with genetic algorithm. The optimum extraction parameters were extraction temperature of 44 °C, ultrasound power of 290 W, pectinase dosage of 0.16%, and extraction time of 30 min. Results showed that UAEE exhibited the highest anthocyanin yield (0.853 ± 0.009) mg/g and extraction efficiency (84.75 ± 2.11)% when compared with the other three conventional extraction methods (hot water-, acidified ethanol-, and enzymatic-assisted extractions). UAEE method was available for realizing high activities of DPPH (417.15 ± 11.83) Trolox equivalents/g extract and ABTS (520.07 ± 8.29) Trolox equivalents/g extract, and reducing power (412.79 ± 9.11) Trolox equivalents/g extract. AB-8 macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) were used to separate and purify anthocyanins in turn. The main anthocyanins were identified by using HPLC-MS/MS and NMR. The two main anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside with the purity of 93.46% and cyanidin-3-rutinoside with the purity of 94.16%) were obtained from RWR. Ultimately, we further evaluated the anti-tumor activity of the main anthocyanins on lung cancer. Results showed that the anti-tumor effect of cyanidin-3-rutinoside on A549 cells was better than that of cyanidin-3-glucoside. In addition, cyanidin-3-rutinoside could memorably increase intracellular ROS levels and apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. The UAEE is an effective and rapid method. This method has a broad application prospect in the extraction of bioactive substances from natural plant resources.

The Inhibitory Effect of 6-Gingerol on Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 14 Enhances Autophagy-Dependent Ferroptosis and Anti-Tumor in vivo and in vitro.

Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Extraction of bioactive substances from herbs is considered as an alternative method to traditional treatment. 6-Gingerol is a naturally occurring phenol found in ginger that can be used to treat tumors and suppress inflammation. To determine whether 6-Gingerol can be used as a therapeutic agent for tumors. In this study, tumor-bearing mice were used as an animal model and A549 as a cell model. Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy related proteins ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14), Beclin1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and ferroptosis related proteins nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4), ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), activating transcription factor4 (ATF4) in vivo and in vitro. MTT and EdU were used to detect the viability of A549 cells. H&E and immunofluorescence were used to localize and detect the expression of proteins. The detection of reactive oxygen species was performed using fluorescence probes. It was found that the administration of 6-Gingerol decreased the expression of USP14, greatly increased the number of autophagosomes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron concentration, decreased the survival and proliferation rate of A549 cells, and significantly decreased tumor volume and weight. The results indicate that 6-Gingerol inhibits lung cancer cell growth via suppression of USP14 expression and its downstream regulation of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis, revealing the function and efficacy of 6-Gingerol as a therapeutic compound in A549 and its possible mechanism of action.

New possibilities of use of oat raw materials for investigation of biologically active components in therapy of experimental diabetes

Aim of the work is to suggest the technology of aqua dynamic extraction of bioactive substances from oat straw. The amount of the extract and the concentration of extracted substances depend on the duration of extraction process. The composition of the investigated phytocomplex is established by nuclear magnetic resonance. Fatty acids composition of the phytocomplex of the oat straw extract was studied by gas chromatography. The possibility of using a phytocomplex from an oat straw extract is shown in the study of the metabolism of myocardium lipids in experimental animals with a diabetes model.Methods of research: to optimise the process of aqueous extraction of the oat straw that in prospect, with the help of dynamic character and increased temperatures, can prevail obvious disadvantages of technology offered before; in order to evaluate the differences in the content of the mixtures of the substances, received from the primary extract was noted observation Н1–NMR spectra in D2O; was performed gas chromatographic analysis of the fatty acids spectrum in the studied phytocomplex and in the lipids of the white blood cells of the myocardium; modeling of diabetes was performed by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection at dose of 55 mg per kilo of body weight of rats during 6 weeks.Results: was developed more economically expedient approach to obtain a phytocomplex by extracting oat straw with full preservation of biologically active substances. Fatty acid composition of the phytocomplex of the oat straw extract was studied by gas chromatography. Composition of the phytocomplex of the oat straw extract was studied by nuclear magnetic resonanceConclusions: The possibility of using a phytocomplex from an oat straw extract in the study of the metabolism of myocardium lipids in experimental animals with a model of diabetes is shown

English

This paper presents the study on the extraction of bioactive substances from fennel seeds. The impact of the main process variables (solvent composition, liquid-to-solid ratio, temperature, contact time) on the concentration of the target substances (polyphenols and flavonoids) in the extracts is studied resulting in the selection of a set of operating parameters, at which their content is maximized. Extracts with higher concentration of target compounds demonstrate higher antioxidant capacity, which confirms the contribution of these substances to better antioxidant performance. The performance of two types of solvents is compared: water and ethanol-water mixtures, showing that water extraction produces more concentrated extracts with higher antioxidant capacity. The extraction kinetics is simulated using Peleg’s equation, and a good fit to experimental data is observed. Data for initial extraction rate and equilibrium concentrations is obtained. Based on the combination of experimental and simulation results, an equation is proposed for determination of antioxidant capacity of water extracts of fennel seeds when the phenolic concentration is known, and vice versa – calculation of concentration of polyphenolic compounds in extracts with known antioxidant capacity.

A study on Bioactive Compounds Derived from Brown Seaweeds and their Therapeutic Applications towards Various Diseases

Traditionally seaweeds are used as food additives, flavouring agents and as foodstuffs in many countries and the research on the extraction of bioactive substances have been conducted all around the globe. In India even though the seaweeds are mainly exploited as a source of phycocolloids such as agar-agar, alginate and carrageenan, further information on the bioutilization of Indian seaweeds is limited as not much has been done to systemically study their therapeutic potential. Marine brown seaweeds are rich in bioactive metabolites that could be potentially exploited in many applications like industry, pharmacy etc. Several efforts have been made to isolate the bioactive compounds and to explore its mechanism of actions. Fucoidan, phloroglucinol, fucoxanthin are some of the bioactive compounds present in brown seaweeds showing antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antioxidant and antiviral properties. The present review attempts to discuss the reports available on the extraction and identification of compounds and to examine the potential and therapeutic effects of the metabolites existing in the brown macroalgae.

AKTIVITAS ANTIMITOTIK DARI EKSTRAK KARANG LUNAK GENUS SINULARIA

Soft coral genus Sinularia be a sources of terpenoid compounds that show efficacy in vitro cytotoxic test using cancer cell lines. The study looked at the morphological changes that occur in fungal mycelial growth of Pyricularia oryzae, such as curling effect indicating antimitotic activity. Four extracts of soft coral genus Sinularia have been examination and this is an primary test to obtain information about the soft coral genus Sinularia that used as sources of compound antimitotic. This research was conducted in several stages, ie extraction of bioactive substances, P. oryzae fungal culture test, and biological testing antimitotic activity with a qualitative assessment methods. From the examination the Sinularia 3 ethyl acetate fraction show the strongest antimitotic activity (to concentration 1,5 μg/ml). Ethyl acetate fraction was purified using column chromatography. From the examination show that fraction of ethyl acetate 1 is the best fraction because still show curling effect on concentration 0,7 μg/ml.Keywords : Antimitotic, Soft Coral, Sinularia, microtubule, Pyricularia oryzae

Inhibition of the development of pathogenic fungi by extracts of some marine algae from the red sea of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

In this study, the predominant marine algae were collected from three different sites in the coastal area of Al-Kumrah at south of the Red sea of Jeddah, during summer and autumn 2009. The different marine algae belonged to Chlorophyta ( Enteromorpha prolifera and Ulva reticulata ), Phaeophyta ( Cystoseira myrica , Padina pavonica , Sargassum portieriatum and Turbinaria triquetra ) and Rhodophyta ( Gracilaria multipartita ). Algal extraction was achieved successively by using petroleum ether, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The algae extracts were tested in vitro for antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus fumigatus , Aspergillus niger and the yeast Candida albican s, by using agar-well diffusion method. The crude extracts of the tested algae revealed differences in their bioactivities. The maximum growth inhibition for fungi was recorded in ethyl acetate extract of T. triquetra against C. albicans (30 mm), methanol extract of E. prolifera (29 mm) and ethyl acetate extract of Padina pavonica (28 mm) against A. fumigatus . The results clarified that Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta exhibited the highest biological activity against the tested fungi, whereas the lowest was achieved in Rhodophyta. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the crude extracts of the tested algae ranged from 0.5 to 3.0 μg/ml. The results confirmed the potential of seaweed extracts as a natural source of antimicrobial compounds. The antifungal activity of different extracts of marine algae which belongs to Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta were examined against A. flavus , A. fumigatus , A. niger and the yeast C. albicans . The algae belonging to Chlorophyta and Phaeophyta exhibited the highest inhibitory effect against the test pathogenic fungi. The different extracts showed different activities against fungi. The antimicrobial activity depended on both algal species and the efficiency of solvents in the extraction of bioactive substances. Keywords: Green algae, brown algae, red algae, solvent extracts, antifungal activity, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs)

ESTIMATION OF THE BIOPRESERVATIVE OBTAINING METHOD MODIFICATION FOR PERENNIAL GRASSES SILAGE MAKING BY FERMENTATIVE ACTIVITY

For a long time, scientific research has been carried out at the VNIIMZ on the basis of the Department of Biotechnology in the field of bioconversion of organic resources into biological means intended for use in agriculture as fertilizers, plant growth stimulants, and bioconservants for silage forage crops. One of the promising basic developments of the department is the patented way of obtaining a biokonservant by peat fermentation with excrement of agricultural animals, including extraction of bioactive substances, which, in fact, constitute the basis of the product being formed. The material of the publication presented contains a comparative analysis of a patented method for producing a biokonservant and a modified method in which new biostimulant and extractant are used. The investigated processes were compared in the dynamics of enzyme activity. The results of the studies showed that the introduction of a new multicomponent biostimulator activated the enzymatic activity in the bioconversion process of the initial substrate. Two bursts of oxidation-reduction reaction activity were recorded at the key stages of the process (the oxidation-reduction ratio of the initial mixture was 1.3 and the fermentation product was 1.23 in the new technology versus 0.14 and 0.06 in the base technology, respectively). In this case, the high activity of invertase in the initial substrate provided an intensification of the process of cleavage of complex carbohydrates to monomers. The change in the extractant had no significant effect on the enzymatic activity. The extraction period was characterized by a decrease in the activity of all the enzymes studied, regardless of the technology used. Additional studies of a complex biostimulator are required to increase and grow lactic acid microflora, as in the finished biokonservant by the new technology, the lactic acid microflora titer is nx107 cfu / ml, which is lower by an order of magnitude than in the finished product according to the basic technology.