Antioxidant Of Extracts Research Articles

Topical formulations contained an extract from marine alga Cladophora glomerata

The Cladophora glomerata is a green alga abundant in fresh and seawater. The extraction of C. glomerata using glycol-based solvents, including butylene glycol (BG), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), and propylene glycol (PG), as the green solvents to obtain antioxidants and nutrients that can be further used in health care and pharmaceutical applications. The extraction of C. glomerata with glycol-base solvents using the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was optimized. The liquid extraction using 60 % volume by volume of polyethylene glycol yielded the highest total phenolic content (4.00 ± 0.08 mg gallic acid equivalence per g dry weight) and antioxidant activity (IC50 0.14 ± 0.02 mg/mL). The algal extract was stable at pH 6 to 8 and a temperature lower than 25 °C. After incorporating the algal extract in topical formulations including serum and emulgel, we found that the preparations were stable and retained the extract's antioxidant activity. In addition, all algal extracts, extract-loaded serum, and emulgel did not show cytotoxicity effects in normal adult human dermal fibroblasts.

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, bioactive compound profiling, and molecular mechanisms of a multicomponent Thai herbal formulation

BackgroundMedicinal plants have long been used as dietary supplements to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, inflammation, cancer, and metabolic syndromes. Traditional remedies possess therapeutic properties, making them promising candidates for further investigation and potential pharmaceutical development. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Belog Plus (BP), a polyherbal product containing five Thai medicinal plants: Citrus aurantifolia, Cannabis sativa, Tiliacora triandra, Alpinia galanga, and Piper nigrum, combined with safflower seed oil. This study focused on quantifying the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and identifying key herbal biomarkers that contribute to its therapeutic properties. In addition to assessing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant extracts, the study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory activity, offering a comprehensive understanding of BP's efficacy. MethodsThe ethanolic extract of BP and its components were assessed for antioxidant potential using DPPH, FRAP, and H2O2 induced oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the Griess reaction assay, and the mechanisms were explored through mRNA and protein expression analysis. The TPC and TFC were measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) assay and the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay, respectively, while herbal biomarkers were identified using LC-MS/MS analysis. ResultsThe results revealed that the ethanolic extract of BP (6.25-100 µg/ml) exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect through nitric oxide inhibition (IC50 24.4 μg/ml) and significantly reducing the expression of inflammatory genes iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. Additionally, it significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins iNOS and COX-2 at concentrations of 6.25-25 µg/ml. Among the individual components, C. aurantifolia, A. galanga, and P. nigrum showed potent anti-inflammatory effects with IC50 values of 35.7, 6.5, and 23.3 μg/ml, respectively. The TPC and TFC results demonstrated significant levels of phenolic (80.6 µg GAE/mg) and flavonoid (47.4 µg catechin/mg) compounds. Additionally, the LC-MS/MS analysis identified a variety of bioactive compounds known for their anti-inflammatory properties. ConclusionThese findings support BP's potential use as a dietary supplement to mitigate the risk of chronic inflammatory diseases, with its ethanolic extract containing bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds that significantly suppress iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions.

Influence of fermentation with lactic bacteria on the structure, functional properties and antioxidant activity of flaxseed gum

Flaxseed meal is a by-product of flaxseed oil extraction. In this research, lactic acid bacteria suitable for modification of flaxseed gum were screened based on cellulase activity and the extraction rate of flaxseed gum. The enzyme-weight method was employed to extract flaxseed gum (SDF). The influences of fermentation modification on the extraction yield, structure, function, and antioxidant activity of flaxseed gum was investigated. Based on the enzyme-producing activity and extraction rate, Lactobacillus plantarum (LP-3), Bacillus paracaetocasei (KLDS-82), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAC-11) were identified as the most suitable strains for modifying flaxseed gum. The results indicated that the extraction yield of flaxseed gum was 18.45 % ± 0.2 % after fermentation with KLDS-82, which was significantly higher than that of the unmodified group. After fermentation, the microstructure of flaxseed gum became looser and more porous. The characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharide was observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the crystallization area was reduced. Simultaneously, its swelling capacity, water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and other physicochemical properties have also been enhanced. The glucose adsorption capacity, cholesterol adsorption capacity, sodium cholic acid adsorption capacity, cation exchange capacity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antioxidant properties of SDF modified by Bacillus paracaetocasei (F-SDF) were significantly higher than those of Lactobacillus acidophilus modified SDF (S-SDF), Lactobacillus plantarum modified SDF (Z-SDF), and unmodified SDF (U-SDF). In conclusion, the modification effect of KLDS-82 is the most remarkable. Therefore, it can be utilized as a functional raw material in food.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of the leaf extracts of Calotropis procera and Enantia chlorantha

Inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the aetiology of numerous human diseases. The two processes are interconnected such that one may appear before or after the other, but as soon as one of them appears, the other will. Consequently, targeting the two conditions may aid in the prevention or treatment of associated human diseases, and plants capable of performing the two functions together are of great advantage. This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of methanol and aqueous extracts of Calotropis procera and Enantia chlorantha. The leaves of the two plants were extracted separately in water and methanol using a cold maceration method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the Lipid peroxidation (LPO), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), while the anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated using membrane stabilization and inhibition of protein denaturation assays. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed using standard methods. The results of the study showed that the aqueous extract of the two plants demonstrated better antioxidant activity than the methanol extracts. IC50 values of 61.60, 59.12, and 83.07 µg/mL were, respectively, for ascorbic acid, aqueous extracts of E. chlorantha and C. procera, while the methanol extracts of both plants recorded a value >150 µg/mL for DPPH. For LPO inhibition, the IC50 values were 191.79 µg/mL, >150 µg/mL for the aqueous, methanol extracts of C. procera and 228.25 µg/mL, 135.46 µg/mL for ascorbic acid and quercetin used as standards. The aqueous extract of E. chlorantha had a value of 161.95 µg/mL and the methanol extracts had a value >250 µg/mL. For the two anti-inflammatory methods used, the IC50 values for the plant were >250 µg/mL. Phytochemicals such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenols were identified in both plant samples. Overall, the results demonstrated the potential of the plant when used for the treatment of diseases related to inflammatory and oxidative stress.

Preliminary Study to Assess the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Extracts from the Leaves of Morelia Senegalensis (A Rich)

frican populations rely heavily on traditional medicine, which uses plants to treat human and animal diseases. However, scientific validation of this empirical knowledge concerning the efficacy, toxicity and dosage of the proposed treatments is urgently needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Morelia senegalensis leaf extracts on the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrawyl (DPPH) radical and the (2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid) ABTS cation radical and on four reference bacterial strains (E. coli 25922, E. coli 35218, E. faecalis 29212 and S. aureus 29213) using protocols already described in the literature. The phytochemical screening test revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, reducing compounds and sterols in Morelia senegalensis leaves. All the extracts showed antioxidant activity to varying degrees. The most active ethyl acetate (AE) extract had half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC50 )of 0.33 and 0.62 mg/mL for the ABTS and DPPH tests respectively, followed by DCM and EB extracts with IC50 of 0.86 and 0.88 mg/mL for the ABTS test respectively, while the vitamin C used as a reference was more active with IC50 of 0.04 and 0.06 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity showed inhibition diameters ranging from 7 to 16 mm depending on the concentration and strain considered. The ethyl acetate fraction was the most active on S aureus 29213 with an inhibition diameter of 16 mm at 50 mg/mL. These interesting results were confirmed by the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration inhibitory (MIC) and Minimal Bacterial Concentration (MBC) studies, which showed that all the extracts had a bactericidal effect on all the studied strains. Morelia senegalensis plant has shown promising preliminary results in the treatment of bacterial infections. Further studies are needed to isolate and characterize the secondary metabolites contained in the leaves of this plant.

Antioxidant and antiamylase activities of leaf and root extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam

Ziziphus mauritiana Lam is a plant species widely used in Mali for its medical virtues to treat various diseases including Diabetes. The present study aims to examine the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of leaf and root extracts of Z. mauritiana Lam collected in Bamako. Phytochemical screening and assay were carried out using conventional methods. The DPPH test was used to evaluate the anti-radical activity, and the antidiabetic potential of the extracts was estimated via the α-amylase inhibition test. Characterization tests revealed the presence of free tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, triterpenes, alkaloids, saponins and anthraquinones in all our extracts. The root extracts revealed higher contents of polyphenols (561.40±22.4 to 218.00±30.2 mg EAG/g) and flavonoids (54.26±4.9 to 132.56±6, 82 mg EQ/g) whatever the solvent, with the exception of Ethyl Acetate. Ethanol extracts showed the best anti-radical potentiel. The IC50was 58.13±1.85 µg/mL for roots and 85.19±0.415 µg/mL for leaves. The results provide a better understanding of the medicinal properties of Z. mauritiana Lam and pave the way for management strategies for diabetes and diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Assessment of N. Oleander on the Hacat Skin Cancer Cell

ABSTRACT: Aim and objective: The study aimed to use in-vitro DPPH and the HaCaT skin cancer cell line method to examine hydroalcoholic leaf extract's antioxidant and anticancer properties from Nerium oleander. Methodology: The hydroalcoholic extract of Nerium oleander was prepared to assess antioxidants and anti-cancers using the in-vitro DPPH and MTT assay method against the HaCaT skin cancer cell line. Results: The antioxidant activity of Nerium oleander hydroalcoholic leaves extract was found to be IC50 =896.9µg/ml, equivalent to IC50= 10.93µg/ml of ascorbic acid, and IC50 = 91.49±0.181µg/ml effective against the HaCaT skin cancer cell line. Further research against carcinogenesis from the hydroalcoholic extract of Nerium oleander leaves, which demonstrated therapeutic potential against cancer cells, can yield significant results. Conclusion: The bioactive chemicals of Nerium oleander leaves may be beneficial for treating skin cancer. Limitations: The study's emphasis on in-vitro tests, which might not accurately capture the nuances of in-vivo settings, has limitations. To confirm the extract's potential for medicinal use, more research should examine its safety and efficacy in animal models and human trials.

Antioxidant and antimalarial properties of hot aqueous leaf extracts of Setaria megaphylla, Ageratum conyzoides and Chromolaena odorata

This study investigated the antioxidant and antimalarial properties of leaf extracts of Setaria megaphylla, Ageratum conyzoides Linn, and Chromolaena odorata Linn, plants used in folkloric treatment of malaria. The plants were assessed for phenolic profile, antioxidant capacity and radical scavenging activities using standard methods. Single, binary and ternary combinations of the processed leaves were subjected to hot aqueous extraction, and evaluated for in vivo antiplasmodial efficacy against Plasmodium berghei NK 65 using Swiss albino mice. The plants’ total phenolic profile varied as S. megaphylla (Sm; 118.06 µg/ml) > C. odorata (Co; 116.58 µg/ml) > A. conyzoides (Ac; 73.01 µg/ml), with catechin, dihydrocytisine and tannin being the most abundant phenolics. Total antioxidant capacities (TAC) and reducing power potentials (RPP) of the plants increased with increase in extract concentrations with Sm showing highest TAC (1.49 ± 0.02 mgAAE/g) and RPP (0.47 ± 0.01 mgAAE/g) values. A similar trend was observed for the hydroxyl, nitric oxide and DPPH radicals scavenging potentials, showing dose-dependent increases in scavenging potentials but with no observed significant (p<0.05) differences in activities at the highest extract dose of 400 µg/ml. The in vivo antimalarial study demonstrated that the combination of A. conyzoides and S. megaphylla was the most effective, significantly reducing parasitemia without causing mortality in the mice. This research highlights the potential of S. megaphylla, A. conyzoides, and C. odorata, especially the combination of their extracts as source of effective anti-malarial agents, and further confirms the folkloric use of hot aqueous extracts of the plants in malaria treatment.

Analysis of Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activity of Cashew Leaf Extract (Anacardium occidentale L.) with Varying Ethanol Concentrations

This study evaluated the effectiveness of various ethanol concentrations (50%, 70%, and 96%) in extracting bioactive compounds from cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale). Parameters analyzed included total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH and H2O2 methods. The results showed that the 70% ethanol extract produced the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as significant antioxidant activity compared to other ethanol concentrations. This study offers practical insights for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries in selecting the optimal solvents for cashew leaf extraction. Additionally, the analysis showed that the 70% ethanol extract offered an optimal balance between extraction efficiency and antioxidant activity, making it the most efficient solvent for commercial use.

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of some Dysphania ambrosioides Extracts

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of some Dysphania ambrosioides Extracts

Enhancing antioxidant yield from carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.): evaluating the efficacy of maceration and ultrasound-assisted methods

ABSTRACT Our study aimed to optimize carob antioxidant extraction for use in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Maceration investigated ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, and time, while ultrasound-assisted extraction examined ethanol concentration, ultrasound power, and time. A central composite design with 19 experimental points assessed the influence of variables on total yield, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. The results were analyzed to optimize the extraction parameters and enhance the antioxidant extraction from carob. The results of the study show that the best maceration condition for extracting antioxidants from the plant material was found to have a time of 24.38 minutes, an ethanol content of 59.02%, and a temperature of 54.52°C. Similarly, the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction were found to be 51.49 minutes, 79.78% sonication power, and 76.12% alcohol. The optimal conditions identified can be used as a starting point for further optimization and scaling up of the extraction process.

Antioxidant activity and identification by HPLC-DAD-MS of 3-deoxyanthocyanins in the husks of Sorghum caudatum (L.) Moench grains from Burkina Faso

As indicated by the World Health Organisation (WHO), the resurgence of chronic diseases is projected to account for 70 % of deaths and 56 % of illnesses globally by 2030. In response, authorities are allocating resources towards prevention through the use of substances with natural or synthetic antioxidant properties. However, the safety of synthetic antioxidants is constrained by the limited number of molecules they can be derived from and the necessity for intricate and costly testing to substantiate their safety. In light of this, the scientific community has set itself the objective of identifying new potential sources of natural antioxidants with the more effective capacity in prevetion of these chronic diseases. Anthocyanins, particularly 3-deoxyanthocyanins are cited as one antioxidant molecules with preventive efficacy. The objective of this study is to contribute to the discovery of new sources of 3-deoxyanthocyanins. In order to achieve this objective, a concentrated extract of 3-deoxyanthocyanins was first prepared by maceration of the husks of Sorghum caudatum grains in acidified ethanol, followed by precipitation in acidified distilled water.The Folin-Ciocalteu and differential pH methods were then employed to determine the total phenolic compound content and the total 3-deoxyanthocyanin content of the extract, respectively. The antioxidant potential of the extract was evaluated by determining its free radical scavenging activity using the ABTS method, its reducing power of ferric ions using the FRAP method, and the percentage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging. Using physico-chemical and physical methods (PC, HPLC, UV–vis and MS), the 3-deoxyanthocyanins present in the extract from the husks of Sorghum caudatum grains were identified. The results of these analyses demonstrated that the total phenolic compound content was 237.73 ± 2.12 mg GAE/g extract, while the 3-deoxyanthocyanin content was 99.33 ± 4.16 mg EApi/g extract and 110.05 ± 4.33 mg ELt/g extract. The extract demonstrated notable antioxidant activity, with an CI50 of 62.59 µg/mL as determined by the ABTS method, a content of 77.35 ± 0.17 mg TE /g extract as quantified by the FRAP method, and an H2O2 scavenging percentage of approximately 72.29 %. The extract was found to contain five distinct compounds, namely luteolinidin, 7-O-methylluteolinidin, 5-O-methylluteolinidin, apigeninidin and 7-O-methylapigeninidin. The grain husks of Sorghum caudatum represent a novel source of 3-deoxyanthocyanins. Consequently, they offer a promising avenue for the extraction of natural antioxidants, natural colouring agents and nutraceuticals for the food industry, thereby enhancing the economic value of agricultural waste and augmenting the profitability of Sorghum cultivation.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols from Phyllanthi Fructus: Comprehensive insights from extraction optimization and antioxidant activity

Phyllanthi Fructus (PF) is a valuable botanical resource with a long history of traditional use, known for potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects attributed to its rich contents of bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols. However, current extraction techniques limit the utilization of polyphenols from PF. This study aimed to achieve the maximum polyphenol yield and improve the antioxidant activity of PF extracts to promise PF’s prospects for modern healthcare.Firstly, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed to extract the polyphenols in PF and a combination of Plackett-Burman designs (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize UAE’s conditions. Next, cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were used to assess the antioxidant activity of extracted polyphenols. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS) was utilized to characterize polyphenol components in the PF extracts. Finally, network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis were performed to screen the potential target proteins of polyphenols from PF.As a result, the optimized polyphenol yield was 213.49 mg/g, and the antioxidant activities, measured by ability of DPPH scavenging, ABTS+ scavenging, and FRAP were 76.95 %, 2.24 mmol/g, 2.34 mmol/g, respectively. PF extracts also showed good antioxidant capabilities at cellular level. 26 polyphenol components were identified in the PF extracts. Among these, ellagic acid, myricetin, and eriodictyol may exert antioxidant effects by interacting with AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1).In conclusion, our study provides valuable insights into the optimizing PF extraction and underscores its potential applications in enhancing natural polyphenols extraction using UAE with a combination of PBD and RSM. These findings offer a promising avenue for the development and utilization of PF, and could serve as a reference for similar extraction processes in the future.

Enzymatic-Assisted Recovery of Antioxidants from Chicory and Fennel by-Products

AbstractThe work was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant extraction efficiency of enzymatic-assisted extractions, alone or combined with sonication, applied to chicory and fennel by-products. Three enzymatic preparations were tested: enzyme mix 1, made of pectinlyase, polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, and arabinase; enzyme mix 2, composed of pectinlyase, cellulase, and acid proteas; xylanase. They were applied alone or coupled with a successive sonication performed according to the following conditions: 100 g/L; 45 °C; 40 min; 72 W. The results were compared with those of a solid-liquid extraction performed with a 70% ethanolic solution whose conditions were previously optimized to maximize the extraction of antioxidants from the specific matrix (chicory: 60–180 min, antioxidant content 6.15 ± 0.20 mg/g dm; fennel: 60–90 min, antioxidant content 7.60 ± 0.70 mg/g dm). Concerning chicory by-products, the three enzymatic treatments coupled with ultrasounds allowed the obtainment of extracts having approximately the same amounts of antioxidants than the conventional extraction (6.10–6.22 mg/g dm). Regarding fennel, all the enzymatic-assisted extractions (coupled or not with ultrasounds) gave lower antioxidant concentrations than the hydroalcoholic extraction. Enzymatic extraction and sonication significantly influenced type and quantity of phenolics in the extracts, highlighted that compounds other than phenolics contributed to their antioxidant properties.

Phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity Paliurus spina-christi Miller leaf and seed extracts: PASS predictions, in silico studies on xanthine oxidase and cytochrome P450 1A1

Paliurus spina-christi Miller (PSC) is a shrub plant with important biological activities. For this reason, the phytochemical and biological activities of the PSC leaf and seed extracts were investigated in our study. This study performs phytochemical analyses (total phenol and flavonoid content, LC-ESI-MS/MS, and GC-MS/MS) and bioactivity assays (antioxidant) for the PSC leaves and seeds. In silico study and PASS prediction of main compounds in LC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS analysis were also investigated. The leaf extract showed a high total phenolic and flavonoid content. In addition, the contents of hesperidin (25.548 mg/g extract) were high in the LC-ESI-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS analyses. It was noted that the leaf extract's antioxidant activities were higher than standard. The molecular docking of hesperidin with xanthine oxidase and cytochrome P450 1A1 had high MolDock score (-179.68, -149.156) and binding energy (-11.40 kcal/mol, -9.90 kcal/mol), respectively. This investigation pioneered using PSC leaf extracts as food supplements and medicine.

Qualitative Profiling, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Polar and Nonpolar Basil Extracts.

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a widely used culinary herb. In this study, ethanol, dichloromethane, and sunflower oil were used separately as solvents with distinct polarities for the extraction of basil aerial parts to simulate the different polarity conditions in domestic food processing. The oil extract (OE) was re-extracted with acetonitrile, and the chemical composition, antioxidant potential, and antimicrobial activities of the ethanol (EE), dichloromethane (DCME), and acetonitrile (ACNE) extracts were determined. A total of 109 compounds were tentatively identified in EE, DCME, and ACNE by HPLC-DAD/ESI-ToF-MS. Fatty acids were present in all extracts. Phenolic acids and flavonoids dominated in EE. DCME was characterised by triterpenoid acids, while diterpenoids were mainly found in ACNE. The extracts were analysed for their antioxidant capacity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay. EE and DCME showed significant radical scavenging potential. Antimicrobial activity was explored in eight bacterial, two yeast, and one fungal species. All extracts exhibited high antifungal activity, comparable to or better than that of the commercial drug nistatin. Antibacterial activities were notable for EE and ACNE, while DCME showed no activity against bacteria in the applied concentration ranges. The different polarities of the solvents led to distinctive phytochemical compositions and bioactivities in the extracts.

In Vitro Potential of Antioxidant Extracts from Gracilaria gracilis Cultivated in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) for Marine Biobased Sector

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds extracted from Gracilaria gracilis cultivated in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system by different extraction solvents and to investigate the potential capacity of the extracts in cellular systems against environmental pollutants. The global yields, total polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activity were assessed on G. gracilis by DPPH radical scavenging activity, comparing the antioxidant extraction efficiency of the different solvents (ethanol 80%, acetone 70%, N-hexane, and water). Ethanol extract, granted by the highest extractive yield and antioxidant capacity, was tested in vitro in the Sparus aurata fibroblast (SAF-1) cell line to evaluate its protective role against oxidative stress induced by the chemical flame retardant 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47). The results demonstrate that the cells pretreated with G. gracilis extract were protected against oxidative stress and had improved cell viability, cellular antioxidant defense system, and cell cycle control, as demonstrated by the gene expression on some biomarkers related to the cell cycle (p53) and oxidative stress (nrf2, sod, and cat). These results confirm that bioactive compounds obtained from seaweeds cultivated in IMTAs could contribute to producing high-value ingredients that are able to counteract environmental stressors, for the growth of the marine biobased industrial sector and the expansion of new value chains.

Ethanolic extraction and GC-MS analysis of antioxidant and anticancer bioactive compounds from Mentha arvensis and Aegle marmelos

Bioactive components used to treat human ailments are abundant in medicinal plants. Mentha arvensis and Aegle marmelos have therapeutic properties due to the presence of many phytonutrients. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to evaluate the properties of the antioxidant and anticancer bioactive components found in the ethanolic extracts of Mentha arvensis and Aegle marmelos leaves. The major constituents identified in the leaf extracts were octadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, 15-methyl-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, hexadecanoic acid, neophytadiene, pentadecane, hexadecane, and 1-octadecanol. Some of these components have antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Among the identified compounds, octadecanoic acid and n-hexadecanoic acid are pivotal for their anticancer and antioxidant effects. The GC–MS characterisation indicated the existence of abundant bioactive compounds, confirming their potential therapeutic activities. This study showed that the leaves of Mentha arvensis and Aegle marmelos could be used as novel sources of antioxidants and anticancer medicines.

Hydrogen-rich solvent method enhances the extraction of phenolics, pigments, reducing sugars, organic acids, and vitamin C from cowslip (Primula veris L.) flower

Cowslip (Primula veris L.) is an anioxidant-rich plant used for many food and medicinal purposes. In this study, the effect of incorporating hydrogen (H2) into water (HRW), ethanol (HRE), and methanol (HRM) on the extraction of flavonoids (TFC), phenolics (TPC), and antioxidants (metal chelation, FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) as well as color (L*, a*, b*, C*, H°), chlorophyll (a, b), lycopene, and β-carotene of wild cowslip flowers was evaluated. The results were submitted to Principal Component Analysis and correlation. Phenolic compounds, organic acids, vitamin C, and sugar content of the extract were analyzed using high-performance reverse phase liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD/RID). The highest TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity (metal chelation, FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) were shown for HRM samples, followed by HRE samples, while the lowest were found for pure solvents. Incorporating H2 into all solvents significantly increased TPC, TFC, metal chelation, DPPH, and ABTS scavenging activity, as well as b*, C*, H°, chlorophyll, lycopene, and β-carotene values. The levels of some phenolics (catechin, epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin), organic acids (tartaric acid and succinic acid), reducing sugars (maltose, glucose, and fructose), and ascorbic acid increased by 10–90 % when an H2-rich solvent was used instead of the pure solvent. This is the first report showing the enhanced extraction of organic acids, pigments, and ascorbic acid by hydrogen-rich solvent. The main benefits of the HRS method are its sustainability and high efficiency in extracting bioactive compounds from medicinal plants.

Rooted in therapeutics: comprehensive analyses of Cannabis sativa root extracts reveals potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal properties.

Following the legalization of recreational Cannabis in Canada in 2018, the associated waste, including Cannabis roots, has significantly increased. Cannabis roots, comprising 30%-50% of the total plant, are often discarded despite their historical use in Ayurvedic medicine for treating inflammatory and infectious disorders. This study evaluates the phytochemical and therapeutic properties of Cannabis root extracts from a high tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, low cannabidiolic acid cultivar (variety Alien Gorilla Glue). We performed ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) to identify the chemical components of the Cannabis roots. Extracts using water, ethanol and acid-base solvents were tested for antioxidant activity through free radical scavenging, metal chelation, and lipoperoxidation inhibition assays. Mitochondrial membrane protection was assessed using flow cytometry with the MitoPerOx probe in THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells. Anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by measuring interleukin-6 levels in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. Bactericidal/fungicidal efficacy against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans was determined using the p-iodonitrophenyltetrazolium assay. Additionally, we investigated the anticholinesterase activity of Cannabis root extracts, given the potential role of plant alkaloids in inhibiting cholinesterase, an enzyme targeted in Alzheimer's disease treatments. UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis suggested the presence of several phenolic compounds, cannabinoids, terpenoids, amino acids, and nitrogen-containing compounds. Our results indicated significant antioxidant, bactericidal, and anticholinesterase properties of Cannabis root extracts from both soil and hydroponic cultivation. Extracts showed strong antioxidant activity across multiple assays, protected mitochondrial membrane in THP-1 cells, and exhibited anti-inflammatory and bactericidal/fungicidal efficacy. Notably, soil-cultivated roots displayed superior anti-inflammatory effects. These findings demonstrate the remarkable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial activities of Cannabis roots, supporting their traditional uses and challenging their perception as mere waste. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of Cannabis roots extracts and suggests avenues for further research and application.