Method For Extraction Of Polysaccharides Research Articles

Extraction methods of polysaccharides, peptides, pigments, polyphenols from red and brown algae and their use in the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation and wrinkling

The phenomenon of longevity and healthy aging as well as the factors that can slow down or even prevent the appearance of pathological conditions related to aging is a subject of interest in modern biology and medical research. In this context, a series of clinical and biochemical indicators are recorded and evaluated, as well as a wide variety of cellular aging biomarkers that include molecular signals and biomolecules at the proteomic, metabolomic, genomic and epigenetic level. The use of biomarkers to assess biological aging can help predict life expectancy and quality of life. The reliability of various biomarkers of aging should also be tested for validity against clinical markers of aging, such as frailty, loss of (physical) function, chronic diseases and disabilities.

Changes in the structure of polysaccharides under different extraction methods

Changes in the structure of polysaccharides under different extraction methods

Structural properties and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides extracted from Laminaria japonica using various methods

Polysaccharides in brown algae, including the kelp Laminaria japonica, are economically important to both food and pharmaceutical industries. The method used to extract polysaccharides significantly influences their characteristics and functions. In this study, L. japonica polysaccharides (LJP) were extracted using four techniques: hot-water extraction (HWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), and acid-assisted extraction (AAE). The highest yield (9.73 ± 0.29 %) and sulfate content (12.47 ± 0.79 %) were obtained via UAE, whereas EAE yielded the highest total carbohydrate content (53.50 ± 1.38 %), with an extraction yield of 9.12 ± 0.13 %. The minimum molecular weight (Mw) was found after AAE, whereas a higher Mw was obtained after EAE and HWE, and a homogeneous Mw was obtained after UAE. All four LJP extracts contained a helix-coil conformation based on Congo red staining, with five monosaccharides, fucose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and glucuronic acid, in varying proportions. Polysaccharides extracted via EAE and UAE exhibited higher antioxidant activity with morphological and conformation changes. A significant correlation was noted between sulfate content and antioxidant activity, and antioxidant capacity was positively correlated to mannose content rather than uronic acid. The results indicate UAE to be the best of the four extraction methods for polysaccharides with homogeneous Mw and high antioxidant activity. This study sheds light on the effects of extraction processes on the physiochemical characteristics of polysaccharides and the relationship between chemical composition and antioxidant activities.

Study on extraction methods of polysaccharides from a processed product of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.

Traditional Chinese medicine PaoTianXiong (PTX) is a processed product of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. with polysaccharide as the main ingredient. The properties of PTX polysaccharide (PTXP) may be affected by different extraction methods. To develop and utilize PTXP better, it is of great significance to study the extraction methods of PTXP. Thus, we extracted PTXPs with dilute alkaline water extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, cellulase-assisted extraction, and hot water extraction (HWE), respectively. The characterizations of PTXPs extracted by different methods were analyzed based on purity determination, infrared analysis, molecular weight and monosaccharide composition. And antioxidant experiments of PTXPs were conducted. The results showed that PTXPs extracted by the four extraction methods were all glucan. After purification, the PTXPs showed similar antioxidant activity in vitro. The molecular weight of polysaccharides extracted by the cellulase-assisted method was different from that extracted by the other three methods. Our results showed that not only the yield but also the effect of extraction methods on the properties of PTXP should be considered when selecting the best extraction method. Therefore, HWE was considered to be the best extraction method of PTXP. The yield and purity of purified PTXP were 24.5% and 97.1%, respectively. The optimized extraction conditions were: an extraction temperature of 90 °C, extraction time of 2.17 h, solid–liquid ratio of 1 : 29 (g mL−1), and number of extractions of 2.

Study on Ultra - High Pressure Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Umbilicaria in Yellow Mountain

The effect of ultra-high pressure technology on the extraction of polysaccharides from Huangshan Stone Ear was studied. The effects of solid-liquid ratio, pressure and time on the yield of polysaccharides from umbilicaria were investigated by single factor experiment, and the experiment was optimized by response surface experiment design. Under the conditions of pressure maintaining time of 14.36 min, pressure of 303 MPa and ratio of solid to liquid of 1: 54, the theoretical yield of polysaccharides was12.85±1.32%, 1.18 times as high as that of hot water extraction and 1.39 times as high as that of ultrasonic-assisted extraction. This experiment proved that it is feasible to use ultra-high pressure technology to assist in the extraction of stone ear polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the ultra-high pressure technology also has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection and low temperature requirement, which provides a new and efficient method for extraction of polysaccharides from umbilicaria.

Comparison of different extraction methods for polysaccharides from Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge

In this study, different extraction methods of polysaccharides from Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (CPP) were compared by studying the extraction yield, structural characteristics and antioxidant activities. Firstly, polysaccharides were obtained using hot water extraction (CPPh), ultrasound assisted extraction (CPPu), enzyme assisted extraction (CPPe) and enzyme-ultrasound assisted extraction (CPPc), respectively. Meanwhile, the optimum extraction conditions of enzyme-ultrasonic assisted extraction were determined by response surface method (RSM). The extraction yields, structural characteristics and antioxidant activities were investigated and compared by visual photos, gas chromatography, ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results clearly showed that enzyme-ultrasonic assisted extraction possessed the highest extraction yield (10.39 ± 0.04%). The molecular weight of CPPh was the highest while the other polysaccharides had no significant difference. Besides, the monosaccharide composition of CPPc, CPPh, CPPu and CPPe were similar but the molar percentages of monosaccharide were different. Finally, the results of antioxidant activities showed that CPPc exhibited the highest scavenging effect of superoxide radical and lipids inhibiting ability. In summary, enzyme-ultrasonic assisted extraction was a high-efficient and low-energy consumption method for CPP extraction.

Comparison of different extraction methods of polysaccharides from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.)

The purpose of the present research was to compare the effects of four extraction methods on the extraction yields, physicochemical characteristics, and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from the cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) (CPPs). The extraction methods included the hot water extraction method (HEM), ultrasonic-assisted extraction method (UEM), enzyme-assisted extraction method (EEM), and the ultrasonic-enzyme-assisted extraction method (UEEM). Four corresponding CPP extracts, HEM-CPPs, UEM-CPPs, EEM-CPPs, and UEEM-CPPs, were obtained. The results indicated that there were notable differences between the extraction methods regarding the yield, average molecular weight, uronic acid content, monosaccharide proportions, and the antioxidant activities of the CPPs. HEM-CPPs were extracted with the lowest yield (6.44%). EEM-CPPs had the largest extraction yield (9.87%) and the most notable antioxidant abilities of ferric reducing power and free radical scavenging activity. According to correlation analysis, the higher antioxidant abilities of EEM-CPPs might be due to their smaller average molecular weight and a higher content of uronic acid than those of the other extracted CPPs. Therefore, EEM could serve as a promising technique for extracting CPPs.

Comparison of different extraction methods for polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis) processing by-products.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influences of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Chimonobambusa quadrangularis) processing by-products (CPS). CPSs were extracted by using five methods including hot water extraction (HWE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). The experimental results showed that the uronic acid contents, monosaccharide contents, molecular weights and antioxidant activities of the five CPSs were significantly different. CPS extracted using ASE method (ASE-CPS) possessed the highest extraction yield (9.94%), the highest medium-high-molecular-weight value (136.07 kDa) and notable antioxidant ability. UAE-CPS had the highest uronic acid (9.42%) and the lowest medium-high-molecular weight value (117.49 kDa), and its antioxidant activity was the best. Based on the correlation analysis, the higher uronic acid content, smaller molecular weight, and lower content of monosaccharide composition of glucose for the CPS-UAE might contribute to its higher antioxidant activity. From an industrial viewpoint, ASE technique could be a promising and alternative way to extract CPS due to its high yield, notable antioxidant activity, and convenient industrialization.

Comparison of different extraction methods for polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale stem

The purpose of this study was to screen the optimum extraction of polysaccharides (DOP) from Dendrobium officinale stem. Firstly, different methods, including hot water extraction (HWE), cold-pressing (CP), freeze-thawing cold-pressing (FTCP), ultrasonic-assisted hot water extraction (UHWE), microwave-assisted hot water extraction (MHWE) and enzyme-assisted hot water extraction (EHWE), were employed to extract DOP under their respective best parameters. Then, the extraction yield, structure and antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides from different extraction methods were compared under the same condition. The data implied that UHWE and FTCP possessed higher extraction yield than the other extraction methods. Besides, DOPCP and DOPFTCP had higher molecular weight than the other polysaccharide samples. More importantly, DOPFTCP had the highest antioxidant activity. Overall, DOPFTCP exhibit high extraction yield, well-preserved molecular chains and best antioxidant activity, all these indicated FTCP was the most suitable method to extract DOP.

The Comparison and Analysis of Two Extraction Methods for Polysaccharides in Psidium guajava L. Fruits

The Comparison and Analysis of Two Extraction Methods for Polysaccharides in Psidium guajava L. Fruits

The Comparison and Analysis of Three Extraction Methods for Polysaccharides in Purslane

In this study, three extraction methods of polysaccharides in Purslane were compared and analyzed, and the best method was ascertained. Purslane polysaccharides were extracted using water, ultrasonic and microwave. By the results of single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments, the optimal extracting conditions were selected and then the best extraction method was determined. In order to calculate the extraction yield of polysaccharides, its content were measured by the phenol–sulfuric acid method using glucose as the standard, and then the efficiency of three extraction methods was evaluated. The results showed that the extraction yield of ultrasonic was 35.42% under the optimal conditions of 60C, 60 min, 1:20 and 200w. The extraction yield of microwave method was 32.12% under the optimal conditions of 3 min, 1:25 and 500w. The extraction yield of water method was 31.22% under the optimal conditions of 80C, 2 h, 1:30 and 3 times. It could be concluded that ultrasonic method was the best one in these three methods.

Comparison of conventional and ultrasound-assisted methods for extraction of nutraceutical compounds from Dendrobium candidum

The present study was conducted with the objective of developing efficient method of extraction of nutraceutical compounds from protocorms of Dendrobium candidum for the food industry. Conventional heat reflux method was compared with ultrasonic-assisted method for extraction of polysaccharides, polyphenolics and flavonoids. Methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile and water were used as solvents for heat reflux extraction. Parameters tested for the optimization were methanol concentration (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%) and duration of treatment (30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6 h). The treatment of samples with 80% methanol for 2-h period proved to be most suitable procedure for extraction of bioactive compounds. Heat reflux method was found superior to ultrasonic-assisted method since it yields higher amounts of bioactive compounds (463.0 mg g−1 DW polysaccharides, 10.75 mg g−1 DW polyphenolics and 5.30 mg g−1 DW flavonoids) and extracts obtained from heat reflux method also showed optimal antioxidant activity.

Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from <i>Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.)</i> Quel

The purpose of this study was to select the optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for the extraction of polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii (DC. ex Fr.) Que (P. eryngii ). The main factors that affect the extraction yield of polysaccharides such as solid:liquid ratio, ultrasonic power, extraction time and extraction temperature were studied individually. An orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction parameters. It was found that UAE method was a reliable, simple and effective method for fast extraction of polysaccharides from P. eryngii. The optimum UAE conditions were as followings: Solid:liquid ratio of 1:35, Ultrasonic power of 55 W, Extraction time of 30 min and extraction temperature of 45°C.