Extract Of Sp Research Articles

Molecular networking-guided isolation of undescribed antifungal odoriferous sesquiterpenoids from a marine mesophotic zone sponge-associated Streptomyces sp. NBU3428

Under the guidance of MS/MS-based molecular networking, eight odoriferous sesquiterpenes including two undescribed geosmin-type sesquiterpenoid degradations, odoripenoid A (1) and odoripenoid B (2), and two undescribed germacrane-type sesquiterpenoids, odoripenoid C (3) and odoripenoid (4), together with four known related compounds (5–8) were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the marine mesophotic zone sponge-associated Streptomyces sp. NBU3428. All chemical structures including absolute configurations of these compounds were elucidated by means of HRESIMS, NMR, ECD calculations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the rarely geosmin-related metabolites directly as natural products from actinomycetes. The isolated compounds (1–8) were assayed in a range of biological activities. Compounds 1 and 2 showed anti-Candida albicans activity with MIC values of 16 and 32 μg/mL, respectively, representing potential antifungal agents.

Investigation of Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Aqueous Extract of Rumex sp.

The decrease in the effectiveness of conventional drugs as a result of the growth of resistance to antibiotics has increased the need for innovative tools to control the infections. At this point, metallic nanoparticles, in particular silver nanoparticles, have appeared as a promising method. In the current study, the extract of Rumex sp. (Labada, dock) leaves was used as a reducing agent for the formation of silver nanoparticles. Unlike similar studies, in this study the synthesis conditions were optimized by changing the extract ratio and silver nitrate concentration. Morphological investigations of synthesized silver nanoparticles showed that spherical homogeneous particles at size under 100nm had been produced. SEM/EDS and FTIR analyses showed that plant components are involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles. It was also determined that higher extract ratio reduced nanoparticle size. The antimicrobial effects of the synthesized nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested, and it was determined that all nanoparticles exhibited activity against both groups. Rumex sp. silver nanoparticles (NPs) were revealed to exhibit antibiofilm activity against three different isolates with moderate and strong biofilm-forming ability. The NPs reduced the biofilm-forming capacity of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonaie by 2.66-fold and 3.25-fold, whereas they decreased the Escherichia coli biofilm-forming capacity by 1.25-fold. The investigation of microbial biofilm could play an important role in developing new strategies for treatment options. Our results suggest that Rumex sp. silver NPs may have a high potential for use in the treatment of pathogenic strains.

Bresmycins A and B, potent anti-breast cancer indolocarbazole alkaloids from the sponge-associated Streptomyces sp. NBU3142

Two previously undescribed indolocarbazole alkaloids, bresmycins A (1) and B (2) were isolated from the culture extract of the marine mesophotic zone sponge-associated Streptomyces sp. NBU3142. Their structures were assigned by using the detailed NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses. Their relative and absolute configurations were established by coupling constants, NOESY correlations and comparison of experimental ECD spectra. Biological evaluation revealed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with IC50 values in the range of 2.01-7.08 μM. In addition, compound 2 was found to display a strong inhibitory effect (IC50 = 4.47 μM) against adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 (MCF-7/ADR) cells. The structure−activity differences of bresmycins A and B suggested that an additional N-methyl group in O-acetylhydroxylamine moiety should be the key factors to their anticancer activities.

Root-priming with the extract of endophytic Penicillium sp. PM031 at a non-toxic concentration evokes resistance in its wilt-susceptible host tomato against Ralstonia solanacearum

Root-priming with the extract of endophytic Penicillium sp. PM031 at a non-toxic concentration evokes resistance in its wilt-susceptible host tomato against Ralstonia solanacearum

Antioxidant Activities and Bioactive Compound in The Extract of Lobophytum sp.

This study is a descriptive exploratory research that aims to know the activity of soft coral Lobophytum sp. extract as an antioxidant. Sample extraction was done by maceration using methanol. Viscous extract obtained was then partitioned using n-hexane until gained methanol and n-hexane fraction. The chemical compositions of the methanol extract of Lobophytum sp were investigated using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry. The yield result of soft coral Lobophytum sp. extract is 2,59%. The weight of extract partition result were methanol fraction 8,76 g and n-hexane fraction 1,02 g. Antioxidant activity test using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Ascorbic acid was also used as positive antioxidant control. The percentage of inhibition and IC50 were measured. Antioxidant activity test which gains the best antioxidant activity is methanol fraction then followed by n-hexane fraction, both showed DPPH free radical 50% can be inhibited the activity with IC50 rate in a sequence 16,93 ppm and 30,93 ppm. GC-MS analysis, 50 kinds of chemical composition are identified in the Lobophytum sp. The results showed that the soft coral extracts of Lobophytum sp. has antioxidant activity.Keywords: soft coral (Lobophytum sp), GC-MS, fractions metahol and hexane

Exploring bioactive compounds from a symbiotic bacterial strain of Spongiobacter sp.

Marine sponges are a host of different symbiotic groups of bacteria playing crucial roles in the protection and survival of marine sponges. Marine symbiotic bacteria from sponges are promising sources of bioactive chemicals and are increasingly being investigated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to analyze total compounds from active symbiotic bacterial strain from sponge, Pione vastifical. Potential bacterial strain EA276 previously isolated from P. vastifical and was identified as Spongiobacter sp. Among 57 isolates, only 42% exhibited antagonistic activity. Four major classes of bacteria were reported previously where γ-Proteobacteria, was the dominant class. From these active antagonistic bacterial isolates, a potential bacterial strain Spongiobacter sp. EA276 was selected, and total metabolites were identified using GC and LC-MS analyses. Using LC-MS analysis bioactive compounds Dichlorphenamide, Amifloxacin and Carbenicillin are identified in both positive and negative mode. Plant growth hormones, Indole-3-acetic acid and Methyl jasmonate were identified using GC-MS analysis from culture extract of strain Spongiobacter sp. EA276. Our results highlighted the significance of marine flora inhabiting sponges from the Red Sea as potential source of bioactive compounds and plant growth hormones of biological and agricultural significance.

Determination The Inhibitory Effect of the truffle Terfezia sp crude Extract against some types of bacterial species causes Eye infections

150 samples had been collected from eye patients with ages ranged between 1 month to 80 years of both genders. The patients were clients of the consultant clinic of ophthalmology Salahuddin public Hospital for the duration between October 2016 to February 2017. The results of the isolated bacteria were divided into two section: the Gram positive bacteria while represented the highest ratio in a matter of 78 isolates that represent (82%), whereas the number of the Gram negative bacteria reached 22 isolates which represents (18%). The inhibitory effect of the aqueous and spirituous extract of Terfezia sp. Was tested against the bacterial isolates that proved high resistance against antibiotics. Three different concentrations (750,1000 and1500 mg / ml) were used, and The results proved the effectiveness of the aqueous extract against most isolates with inhibitory diameter ranged between (30-9) mm, whereas the spirituous extract proved inhibitive effectiveness against three Staph. Saprophyticus isolates only with inhibition diameters of (28-8 mm)

Microbispofurans A-C, plant growth-promoting furancarboxylic acids from plant root-derived Microbispora sp.

Microbispofurans A-C (1-3), new alkyl/alkenyl furancarboxylic acids, were isolated from the culture extract of the plant root-derived Microbispora sp. RD004716. The planar structures of 1-3 were determined by extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. Although 1-3 showed no appreciable antimicrobial activity or cytotoxicity, strong plant growth-promotion activity of the germinated red leaf lettuce seeds was observed at 10 μM. Furancarboxylic acids and their methyl esters were found in actinomycetes and fungi; however, the isolation of furandicarboxylic acid was unprecedented.

Phthalides Isolated from the Endolichenic Arthrinium sp. EL000127 Exhibits Antiangiogenic Activity.

Endolichenic fungi (ELF) produce specialized metabolites that have various medicinal properties. Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis efficaciously suppresses many types of cancer. This study aimed to discover novel antiangiogenic agents from specialized metabolite extracts of ELF strains isolated from Korean lichens. The EtOAc extracts of 51 ELF strains were subjected to a screening pipeline consisting of cell viability, scratch wound healing, and Transwell migration assays. The EtOAc extract of Arthrinium sp. EL000127 showed the most potent inhibitory activity against the chemotactic migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Targeted isolation on the major LC-MS peaks exhibited a previously known phthalide, 3-O-methylcyclopolic acid (1), and two unknown analogues of 1, 3-O-phenylethylcyclopolic acid (2) and 3-O-p-hydroxyphenylethylcyclopolic acid (3). The structures were characterized by MS and NMR analyses. All the isolates were acquired and applied to bioassays as racemates due to spontaneous racemization. Among the isolates, compound 3 effectively inhibits HUVEC motility by suppressing mRNA expressions of genes regulating epithelial cell survival and motility, which suggested that compound 3 is a potent antiangiogenic agent suitable for further exploration as a potential novel therapeutic against cancers.

Comparison of in vitro Antifungal Activity Methods Using Extract of Chitinase-producing Aeromonas sp. BHC02.

Biological control to prevent fungal plant diseases offers an alternative approach to facilitate sustainable agriculture. Since the chitin in fungal cell walls is a target for biocontrol agents, chitinases are one of the important antifungal molecules. In this study, the aim was to investigate a new chitinase isolated from a fluvial soil bacterium and to show the antifungal activity of the characterized chitinase by comparing the three common methods. The bacterium with the highest chitinase activity was identified as Aeromonas sp. by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Following the determination of the optimum enzyme production time, the enzyme was partially purified, and the physicochemical parameters of the enzyme were investigated. In the antifungal studies, direct Aeromonas sp. BHC02 cells or partially purified chitinase were used. As a result, in the first method in which the Aeromonas sp. BHC02 cells were spread on the surface of petri dishes, no zone formation was observed around the test fungi spotted on the surface. However, zone formation was observed in the methods in which the antifungal activity was investigated using the partially purified chitinase enzyme. For example, in the second method, the enzyme was spread on the surface of PDA, and zone formation was observed only around Penicillum species among the test fungi spotted on the surface. In the third method, in which the necessary time was given for the formation of mycelium of the test fungi, it was observed that the growth of Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea was inhibited by the partially purified chitinase. This study concludes that the results of the antifungal activities depend on the method used and all fungal chitins cannot be degraded with one strain's chitinase. Depending on the variety of chitin, some fungi can be more resistant.

Two new alkaloids from the endophytic fungus Schizophyllum sp. HM230 isolated from Vincetoxicum mongolicum Maxim

Endophytic fungi is an important source for the discovery of bioactive natural compounds. A chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus Schizophyllum sp. HM230 derived from stems of the herb Vincetoxicum mongolicum Maxim led to isolation of five alkaloids, including two new compounds, schizophyllins M (1) and N (2), along with three known ones (3–5). The planar structures of two new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods including MS, 1D and 2D NMR. Their absolute configurations were determined by Mosher’s method and comparison of the ECD data. All the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities. Compounds 1–4 showed middle cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values range of 68.1 ∼ 87.32 μM. Compounds 1–5 displayed obvious antioxidant activity with the IC50 values range of 0.86 ∼ 5.78 mg/mL.

Two new alkaloids from a strain of endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp.

19-Hydroxybrevianamide M (1) and 6 R-methoxybrevianamide V (2), two new alkaloids, were isolated from an extract of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. JNU18HC0517J, together with six known analogues (3– 8). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, NMR calculations, and ECD calculations. 6 R-methoxybrevianamide V (2) was the first L-proline indole DKP alkaloid with substitution at C-6 on the proline ring. Furthermore, the cytotoxities and antimicrobial activities of these isolated compounds were also evaluated. Compound 8 exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus 209 P with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 16 µg/ml.

Seven drimane-type sesquiterpenoids from an earwig-associated Aspergillus sp.

Drimane-type sesquiterpenoids are widely distributed in fungi. From the ethyl acetate extract of the earwig-derived Aspergillus sp. NF2396, seven new drimane-type sesquiterpenoids, named drimanenoids A-G (1-7), were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by diverse spectroscopic analysis including high-resolution ESI-MS, one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Drimanenoids A-F (1-6) are new members of drimane-type sesquiterpenoid esterified with unsaturated fatty acid side chain at C-6. Drimanenoids C (3), D (4) and F (6) showed antibacterial activity against five types of bacteria with different inhibition diameters. Drimanenoid D (4) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against human myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 with an IC50 value of 12.88 ± 0.11 μmol·L-1.

Antioxidant Activity of Usnic Acid Compound from Methanol Extract of Lichen Usnea sp.

Lichen Usnea sp. is one of the sources of natural bioactive compounds which are currently being developed as medicinal ingredients. The purpose of this study was the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from methanol extract, toxicity test and antioxidant activity of Usnea sp. Lichen was isolated by maceration using methanol solvent, then separated by liquid-liquid partition and separation using vacuum chromatography. Based on the results of the study, NMR-1D spectral data and FTIR spectrum is the presence of functional groups showed the presence of F15 compound is usnic acid consisting of 18 carbons with 3 carbons from the C=O carbonyl group. The results of the toxicity test showed that all of them were active against Artemia salina L. shrimp larvae with LC50 values of 0.820 µg/mL (Usnea sp.), 1.030 µg/mL (n-hexane), 1.056 µg/mL (ethyl acetate), and 1.236 µg/mL (methanol extract). The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the inhibitory activity of usnic acid isolate was very active with an IC50 value of 11.696 µg/mL. Meanwhile, methanol extracts and ethyl acetate showed antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 18.098 and 26.917 µg/mL, respectively.

Antibacterial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antidiabetic Studies of the Amines Isolated from the Philippine Marine Sponge Desmacella sp

Aims: The study aimed to isolate and elucidate the structure of pure compounds from the polar extract of the marine sponge Desmacella sp. and explore their therapeutic potential. Background: Only a few marine organisms and their associated microorganisms collected from various parts of the Philippines have been documented and investigated in terms of their potential as sources of bioactive secondary metabolites. The sponge Desmacella sp. was collected off the coast of Agusan del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines, for the purpose of isolating compounds with medicinal prospects. Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic potentials of the pure isolates from the polar extract of the marine sponge Desmacella sp. Methods: The polar extract of the marine sponge Desmacella sp. from Agusan del Norte, Philippines, was subjected to purification using gravity column and medium pressure liquid chromatographic methods with TLC profiling as a guide. Pure isolates were obtained and subjected to NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry for structure elucidation, and the structures were confirmed by comparing the data with the literature. The pure compounds were explored for their antibacterial potential against B. subtilis BIOTECH 1679 and P. aeruginosa BIOTECH 1335 using a microplatebased antibacterial assay with resazurin indicator for the cell growth and ciprofloxacin as a positive control. Their anti-inflammatory potentials were determined using membrane stabilization and protein denaturation assays and were compared with the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac and their antidiabetic potential by measuring their ability of inhibiting starch-hydrolyzing enzyme α-amylase. Results: The polar extract of the marine sponge Desmacella sp. from Agusan del Norte, Philippines, afforded three known compounds, namely, aaptamine, isopentylamine, and tyramine. This is the first report on the isolation of aaptamine, isopentylamine, and tyramine from the marine sponge genus Desmacella. The compounds aaptamine and isopentylamine exhibited antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, while tyramine and isopentylamine exhibited antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. These compounds showed the ability to inhibit heat-induced protein denaturation and effectively inhibited the erythrocytes' heat-induced hemolysis, which described in vitro antiinflammatory activity. These compounds were also evaluated for in vitro antidiabetic properties and showed their ability to inhibit the alpha-amylase enzyme activity of starch. Conclusion: Three known amines, namely, aaptamine, isopentylamine, and tyramine were isolated from the polar extract of the marine sponge Desmacella sp. collected off Mindanao coasts. Aaptamine and isopentylamine exhibited antibacterial properties against B. subtilis, while isopentylamine and tyramine exhibited antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The anti-inflammatory potentials of aaptamine, isopentylamine, and tyramine were exhibited clearly in the membrane stabilization and protein denaturation assays and were compared with the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. Aaptamine, isopentylamine, and tyramine exhibited hypoglycemic properties and were compared with the antidiabetic drug acarbose in the inhibition of starch-hydrolyzing enzyme α-amylase assay.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of some Methods in Biological Control of Phlebotomus Papatasi (Diptera:Psychoididae).

The research studies the biological efficiency of the fungus Verticillium lacanii and the alcoholic extract leaves Nerium sp Capparis sp and Lawsonia sp against fourth larval instar and adults of male and female Phlebotomus papatasi. The study was conducted at the laboratory condition at a temperature of 25±2°C, relative humidity. 65 ± 5% and a period of illumination of 12 hours / day . The suspension of Verticillium lacanii at a concentration of 1×810 spores / ml gave the highest mortality 86.74% for the fourth larval instar after 24 hours of treatment, while the suspension of Verticillium lacanii at concentration of 1×810 spores / ml gave the highest mortality of 78.16% for the male Phlebotomus papatasi after after 24 hours of treatment, the suspension of Verticillium lacanii at a concentration of 1 x 810 spores/ml gave the highest mortality rate of 46.75 % for female after 24 treatment. Alcoholic extract of Capparis gave highest mortality 89.57.% for the fourth larval instar, 76.18% for males, and 87.71% for the female Phlebotomus papatasi after 24 hours at concentration 0.07 mg/l . The alcoholic extract of Lawsonia sp showed the lowest mortality was 43.01 % for the fourth larval instar, 29.21% for males, 31.86% for female sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi after 24 hours of treatment at concentration 0.01 mg/l respectively.

New prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloids and polyketides from the mangrove-derived fungus Penicillium sp

Two new prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloids (PIDAs) penicamides A and B (1 and 2) and three new polyketides penicinones A−C (6−8), along with four known compounds deoxybrevianamide E (3), brevianamide V (4), 12,13-dehydroprolyl-2-(1,1-dimethylallyltryptophyl)diketopiperazine (5), and 4-hydroxyphenethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (9), were isolated and identified from the culture extract of the mangrove-derived fungus Penicillium sp. Their structures were fully elucidated by analyzing spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of these compounds were determined by the comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data and Mo2(OAc)4-induced and Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced ECD experiments. Structurally, compound 1 is the first example of PIDAs featuring a 6/5/8/6/5 pentacyclic ring system with an α-hydroxy group at C-11, while compound 2 is a new analogue of PIDAs possessing the unique 3-methyleneindolin-2-ol moiety. In addition, compound 6 is a new lactone with the furo[3,4-b]pyran-5-one moiety. Compound 6 displayed potent cytotoxicity against murine melanoma (B16) cells, human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells, and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells at 50.0 µM with inhibitory ratios of 82.7%, 75.1% and 95.9%, respectively. In addition, compound 6 exhibited significantly cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cells, with an IC50 value of 3.87 ± 0.74 µM.

AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO FOTOPROTETOR UVA E UVB, AÇÃO ANTIOXIDANTE E DA ESTABILIDADE DO CREME COM EXTRATO DE SPONDIA SP (UMBU-CAJÁ)

The umbu-cajazeira (Spondia sp), belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, which has antioxidant properties. The objective of this work was to develop and evaluate the UVA and UVB photoprotective effect, antioxidant action and stability of the cream with extract of Spondia sp leaves. The organoleptic characteristics and pH of the cream were evaluated during 28 days. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition method, and the dilutions were analyzed in a spectrophotometer at 517 nm. The collected data were evaluated using ANOVA analysis of variance (p < 0.05). The samples containing Spondia sp extract did not undergo significant changes regarding appearance, color and odor. The developed cream presented antioxidant activity with inhibition close to 80% at dilution of 10 mg.mL-1. The scanning performed showed that the raw materials and the cream are able to absorb ultraviolet light from 290 to 400 nm.

Naturally Occurring Functional Ingredient from Filamentous Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. KC45: Phytochemical Characterizations and Their Multiple Bioactivities.

Cyanobacteria are rich in phytochemicals, which have beneficial impacts on the prevention of many diseases. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize phytochemicals and evaluate multifunctional bioactivities in the ethanolic extract of the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. KC45. Results found that the extract mainly contained chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids. Through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis, 38 phenolic compounds with promising bioactivities were discovered, and a higher diversity of flavonoids was found among the phenolic compounds identified. The extract effectively absorbed the harmful UV rays and showed high antioxidant activity on DPPH, ABTS, and PFRAP. The extract yielded high-efficiency inhibitory effects on enzymes (tyrosinase, collagenase, ACE, and α-glucosidase) related to diseases. Interestingly, the extract showed a strong cytotoxic effect on cancer cells (skin A375, lung A549, and colon Caco-2), but had a much smaller effect on normal cells, indicating a satisfactory level of safety for the extract. More importantly, the combination of the DNA ladder assay and the TUNEL assay proved the appearance of DNA fragmentation in cancer cells after a 48 h treatment with the extract, confirming the apoptosis mechanisms. Our findings suggest that cyanobacterium extract could be potentially used as a functional ingredient for various industrial applications in foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals.

1-(6-Methylsalicyloyl)glycerol from stony coral-derived Micromonospora sp.

A new natural product, 1-(6-methylsalicyloyl)glycerol (1) was isolated from the culture extract of the stony coral-derived Micromonospora sp. C029. The structure of 1 was determined by extensive analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration was determined to be S by comparison of specific rotation with synthetic (R)- and (S)-1. Compound 1 showed weak antimicrobial activity against Kocuria rizhophila. Structurally related benzoyl glycerol is not reported from actinomycetes, suggesting that isolation of actinomycetes from little studied environments should be important for the discovery of novel natural products.