Mustard Extract Research Articles

Combined Application of Herbicide and Aqueous Extract of Sorghum and Mustard Crop Residue Enhance Weed Management and Yield of Wheat

The rising costs in agriculture and growing public concern over herbicide use have emphasized the need for non-chemical weed control methods. To evaluate the impact of aqueous extracts from sorghum and mustard crop residues on weed control and wheat crop performance, an experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory (AFL) of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, from November, 2021, to March 2022. The study involved three wheat varieties (BARI Gom-32, BARI Gom-33, and BWMRI Gom-1) and six treatment levels: no weeding, the recommended dose of herbicide (RDH), 80% RDH + aqueous extract of mustard + sorghum (AEMS) (1:20 ratio w/v), 70% RDH + AEMS (1:20), 60% RDH + AEMS (1:20), and 50% RDH + AEMS (1:20). The experiment was designed using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results demonstrated that the aqueous extracts significantly reduced weed population (WP) and dry weight (DW) of weeds. Among the wheat varieties, BARI Gom-32 achieved the highest grain yield (GY) (3.62 t ha-1) and other yield-contributing traits. The highest numbers of effective tillers (NET) per hill (4.56), numbers of grains per spike (NGS) (34.57), 1000 grain weight (TGW) (57.81 g), GY (4.09 t ha-1), straw yield (SY) (6.05 t ha-1), and biological yield (BY) (10.14 t ha-1) were observed in the RDH treatment, followed by the combined application of 80% RDH and AEMS crop residue (1:20). These findings suggest that AEMS crop residue extracts could be an effective source for suppressing weed population and enhancing yield.

Comparative evaluation of the antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts of sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida): In vitro and in vivo studies

Undaria pinnatifida (UP) contains multiple bioactive substances, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, and amino acids, which are associated with various biological properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts obtained from UP. UP was extracted under three different conditions: a low-temperature water extract at 50 °C (UPLW), a high-temperature water extract at 90 °C (UPHW), and a 70 % ethanol extract (UPE). Nontargeted chemical profiling using high-performance liquid chromatography-triple/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC−Triple TOF−MS/MS) was conducted on the three UP extracts. Subsequently, α-glucosidase inhibitory (AGI) activity, glucose uptake, and the mRNA expression of sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) were evaluated in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Furthermore, an oral carbohydrate tolerance test was performed on C57BL/6 mice. The mice were orally administered UP at 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W.), and the blood glucose level and area under the curve (AUC) were measured. Compared with glucose, UPLW, UPHW and UPE significantly inhibited both glucose uptake and the mRNA expression of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in Caco-2 cell monolayers. After glucose, maltose, and sucrose loading, the blood glucose levels and AUC of the UPLW group were significantly lower than those of the control group. These findings suggest that UPLW has antihyperglycemic effects by regulating glucose uptake through glucose transporters and can be expected to alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia. Therefore, UPLW may have potential as a functional food ingredient for alleviating postprandial hyperglycemia.

Antifungal efficacy of natural antimicrobial substances during the fermentation and storage of hardaliye

Hardaliye is a non-alcoholic traditional fermented beverage produced using black grapes, mustard seeds, sour cherry leaves, and sodium benzoate. In this study, the effect of using plant materials (quince leaves, green tea, mulberry leaves, linden flowers, horseradish roots) as an alternative to sodium benzoate for inhibiting yeast growth to produce additive-free hardaliye was investigated. Hardaliye samples were produced using the selected test materials, microbiological and chemical analyses were performed during fermentation (20 °C for 18 days) and storage (4 °C for 2 months) periods. Additionally, the antifungal effects of test material extracts against Saccharomyces cerevisiae in grape juice and Malt Extract Broth (MEB), as well as the survival of S. cerevisiae in grape juice containing plant materials were examined. Only mustard seed extract had inhibitory and fungicidal effects at 25 mg/mL on S. cerevisiae in MEB among the tested plant material extracts and the effect increased when used in combination with grape juice. The total phenolic contents of the hardaliye samples were in the range of 2119.26–8653.33 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/L, and antioxidant activities were in the range of 30.24–93.15%. The numbers of S. cerevisiae decreased below the detection limit (<1 log CFU/mL) after 1 day in grape juice containing horseradish (5%), mustard seeds (1.5%) or sodium benzoate (0.1%). This study indicated that crushed mustard seeds at increased concentrations (1.5%), mustard seeds water extract (7.5 mg/mL), or horseradish roots (5%) have the potential to be used in the production of hardaliye as an alternative to sodium benzoate.

Technological Functionalisation of Microencapsulated Genistein and Daidzein Delivery Systems Soluble in the Stomach and Intestines.

Encapsulating antioxidant-rich plant extracts, such as those found in red clover, within microcapsules helps protect them from degradation, thus improving stability, shelf life, and effectiveness. This study aimed to develop a microencapsulation delivery system using chitosan and alginate for microcapsules that dissolve in both the stomach and intestines, with the use of natural and synthetic emulsifiers. The microcapsules were formed using the extrusion method and employing alginate or chitosan as shell-forming material. In this study, all selected emulsifiers formed Pickering (β-CD) and traditional (white mustard extract, polysorbate 80) stable emulsions. Alginate-based emulsions resulted in microemulsions, while chitosan-based emulsions formed macroemulsions, distinguishable by oil droplet size. Although chitosan formulations with higher red clover extract (C1) concentrations showed potential, they exhibited slightly reduced firmness compared to other formulations (C2). Additionally, both alginate and chitosan formulations containing β-CD released bioactive compounds more effectively. The combined use of alginate and chitosan microcapsules in a single pill offers an innovative way to ensure dual solubility in both stomach and intestinal environments, increasing versatility for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

Huarong Large-Leaf Mustard Extracts Exhibit Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophage

Huarong Large-Leaf Mustard Extracts Exhibit Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Murine Macrophage

Influence of psyllium, mustard, and flax seeds water extracts as fat replacers on cake quality and hyperlipidemic rats

Influence of psyllium, mustard, and flax seeds water extracts as fat replacers on cake quality and hyperlipidemic rats

Total phenolic, flavonoid, protein contents and biological activities of wild mustard

AbstractThe nutritional and therapeutic benefits of plants are outstanding. Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) collected from different regions was analysed for its phenolic, flavonoid, protein, and biological activity levels. In this case, the plant ethanol extract was obtained using a soxhlet apparatus. Rel assay kits and the DPPH test were used to assess the plant's antioxidant activity. The agar dilution test was used to determine antimicrobial efficacy. A549 lung cancer cells were used in an MTT assay to measure antiproliferative activity. The Folin−Ciocalteu reagent was used to quantify the total phenolic content of the sample. The amount of flavonoids was determined using an aluminium chloride test. The amount of protein was calculated using the AOAC's standard technique. Based on the research conducted, it was shown that the maximum total antioxidant status (TAS) value for the ethanol extract of wild mustard from various places was 5.232 ± 0.047 mmol L−1. At a concentration of 2 mg mL−1, DPPH activity was measured to be 82.06 ± 1.01. The maximum levels of total phenolic, flavonoid, and protein were 80.57 ± 2.19 mg g−1, 154.07 ± 2.79 mg g−1, and 7.75 ± 0.24%, respectively. Doses of 25–100 μg mL−1 of plant extracts were effective against fungal strains, whereas doses of 50–200 μg mL−1 were beneficial against bacterial strains. The plant extracts were shown to have potent antiproliferative properties. It was found that wild mustard's phenolic, flavonoid, protein, and biological activity levels varied according to the location from which it was gathered. It was also concluded that wild mustard had significant biological activity.

The effect of pH on the phenolic content and antioxidant properties of three different mustard extracts.

Mustard seeds are cultivated worldwide due to their substantial agronomic value of their high protein, oil, and phenolic content. The latter bioactive compounds give mustard seeds various applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries, as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and chemoprotective agents. By modifying the pretreatment and extraction conditions, a significant improvement in the quantity and quality of these crucial compounds was obtained. Based on the electrostatic interactions between the solvents and the extracts, an alternative green extraction procedure was used on three varieties of mustard seeds (Oriental, black, and yellow). Preliminary results demonstrated an interesting trend in which the isoelectric pH value affected the antioxidant activity of the extracts. A number of different antioxidant assays together with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were conducted on the three different mustard seeds as affected by different combinations of times and pHs. With the exception of metal ion chelation assay, the other antioxidant methods, including ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging assay and ABTS•+ scavenging assay, significantly (p<0.05) increased with the pretreatment time for all three pH levels studied. Interestingly, the TPC significantly increased (p<0.05) with the lower pH level treatments. The highest TPC (2040.32±360.12mg/g dry weight basis) was obtained from yellow mustard seed under neutral treatment. Conversely, TFC showed no significant differences among the different pretreatment time conditions closer to the neutral pH. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The usage of food-based solvents with the assistance of a home-scale pressurized wet extraction model represents a green technology that can contribute to a wide variety of applications. This method significantly improved the phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential of the mustard extracts, thus making water the most promising extracted solvent.

Formulation and Nutritional Characterization of Mustard and Sesame Oilseed Cake Extract-Based Functional Drinks

The current investigation was carried out to develop polyphenol-enriched functional drinks from oil industry waste. Purposely, polyphenols were extracted from the mustard and sesame oilseed cakes through ultrasound-aided extraction alongside conventional extraction mode for comparison purposes. Among the oilseed cake extracts, sesame with methanol and ultrasonic extraction exhibited best results for TPC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and β-carotene as 39 ± 0.04 g GAE/100 g, 35 ± 0.02 g TE/100 g, 20 ± 0.02 g TE/100 g, 18 ± 0.03 g TE/100 g, and 35 ± 0.05 g TE/100 g, respectively, and mustard showed 31 ± 0.04 g GAE/100 g, 20 ± 0.01 g TE/100 g, 16 ± 0.02 g TE/100 g, 12 ± 0.01 g TE/100 g, and 30 ± 0.05 g TE/100 g, respectively. In case of conventional extraction and methanol as solvent, sesame revealed outcomes for TPC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and β-carotene as 13 ± 0.02 g GAE/100 g, 17 ± 0.03 g TE/100 g, 10 ± 0.01 g TE/100 g, 21 ± 0.04 g TE/100 g, and 15 ± 0.03 g TE/100 g, respectively, compared to mustard which showed for TPC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and β-carotene as 11 ± 0.02 , 12 ± 0.01 , 08 ± 0.01 , 17 ± 0.03 , and 10 ± 0.01 , respectively. Likewise, for mustard oilseed cake extract with conventional extraction technique and water as solvent, minimum findings were observed for TPC, DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and β-carotene as 07 ± 0.01 , 09 ± 0.02 , 06 ± 0.01 , 14 ± 0.03 , and 07 ± 0.01 , respectively. T0 without extracts, T1 (sesame oilseed cake extract based Functional drink) , and T2 (mustard oilseed cake extract based Functional drink). The recorded values for total phenols, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, and vitamin C in T0, T1, and T2 were 29.79 ± 6.05 , 32.53 ± 7.05 , and 30.5 ± 5.05 ; 26.33 ± 5.05 , 30.60 ± 7.05 , and 29.75 ± 5.05 ; 2.11 ± 0.05 , 2.12 ± 0.05 , and 2.08 ± 0.01 ; and 31.7 ± 7.05 , 30.5 ± 5.05 , and 29.6 ± 6.05 , respectively. Likewise, sensory evaluation for color, flavor, sweetness, sourness, and overall acceptability during 2 months of storage depicted acceptable scores. The inclusive best outcomes for phytochemical analysis were achieved with sesame oilseed cake extracts by applying ultrasonic extraction technique and methanol as solvent. In the same way, among the developed functional drinks, T1 (sesame oilseed cake extract-based functional drink) exhibited best physiochemical as well as storage characteristics.

Effectiveness of extracts of medicinal plants included in poultry diet

A large number of papers have explored the use of phytobiotics in the diet of farm animals and poultry in recent years. This study area is much addressed, since vegetable feed additives can be an alternative to feed antibiotics. They have a pronounced growth-stimulating and immune-modulating effect on the body of young birds, and are essential for manufacturing organic products of animal origin. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of water-ethanol extracts of sarepta mustard on chicken meat performance, and the effect of mountain ash extracts on egg performance of laying hens. A scientific and economic experiment was performed, where broilers from the experimental groups received the sarepta mustard extract at doses of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 mg/kg of feed, and laying hens received the mountain ash extract at doses of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mg/kg of body weight. It was found that the optimal dose of the sarepta mustard extract for broiler chickens was 70 mg/kg of feed. The average daily weight gain exceeded the control indicators by 3.0%, and the European production efficiency factor and the Russian production efficiency factor for chicken meat by 33.2 and 7.2 units, respectively. For laying hens, the optimal dose of the mountain ash extract attained 70 mg/kg of body weight. It increased the egg production rates for the hen housed and middle hen by 12.2 and 10.4%, respectively, compared to the control, and exceeded that of the European egg production index and the Russian egg production factor for laying hens by 1.53 and 10.34 units, respectively.

The Effect Of Substitution Of Mustard Green Extract As A Natural Colorant In The Manufacture Of Rolled Pancakes

This study aims to analyze roll pancakes with green mustard extract substitution as much as 10%, 20%, and 30%. This research was conducted at the culinary arts workshop majoring in family welfare science in October 2021. This type of research was an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments and 3 repetitions. Data analysis was obtained from Organoleptic Test involving 5 expert panelists. The data obtained were then analyzed using the ANAVA method, if there was a significant effect, it would be continued with the Duncan test. The results showed that the substitution of mustard greens had an effect on the green color of the rolled pancake skin. Which does not affect the shape, aroma, texture and taste. Based on the results of the study, the best quality pancake rolls were in the X3 treatment with a score of 3.60, the best green quality pancake rolls in the X3 treatment with a score of 3.80, the pancake rolls had the best fragrant aroma quality in the X3 treatment with a score 3.13, pancake rolls with the best chewy texture quality in X3 treatment 3.13, roll pancakes with the best porous texture quality in X3 treatment with a score of 3.53, pancake rolls with the best sweet taste quality in X3 treatment with a score of 3.53, very suitable for consumption. So for further research, it is recommended that the use of mustard greens extract should be as much as 30%, namely with X3 treatment.

Synergistic anticorrosion effect of Brassica Hirta phytoconstituents and cerium ions on mild steel in saline media: Surface and electrochemical evaluations

Among all the issues that industries will encounter, corrosion is the most concerning. Up to now, corrosion left notable problems in industrial processes and that is why the researchers proposed various methods for limiting its drawbacks. The present work aim is to analyze the impact of Brassica Hirta extract, which is popularly called Mustard, on steel corrosion mitigation and its synergistic effect in mixture with cerium (Ce) cations by using electrochemical and morphological methods. One of the advantages of this inhibitor is its low cost, which is caused by the two factors of the water-based extraction process and the initial cost of the plant purchasing. Moreover, due to the mentioned extraction process, the ME can be considered an eco-friendly inhibitor. In addition, the ME is accessible in most parts of the world. The film composition screening was done by EDS, mapping, and GIXRD techniques, and by FE-SEM and AFM technics, both surface morphology investigation and topographical explorations were done.The findings confirm that the Mustard extract (ME) inhibition impact was boosted in the presence of Ce cations and the mixture performance was optimized at 200:600 ppm ME:Ce mixture concentration. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization records illustrated that the mixture could retard the corrosion by 94% and 92% of steel corrosion after 48 h of steel immersion, respectively. Also, the synergistic index value of 200:600 ppm ME:Ce ascended steadily from 2.50 until reaching 7.44. The morphology of the film deposited on the surface and its microstructure including ME:Ce complex was demonstrated. The GIXRD analysis outcomes besides EDS and mapping detections confirmed that the protective layer formed includes ME phytochemicals and Ce oxide/hydroxides.

Effects of Different Light-Emitting Diode Illuminations on Bioactive Compounds in Ruby Streaks Mustard Microgreens by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography–High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Mustard (Brassica juncea var. “Ruby Streaks”) is a popular microgreen species with rich phenolic and glucosinolate contents. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been increasingly used to promote the content of bioactive compounds in commercially grown plants, particularly in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) settings. The present research aimed to investigate the effect of LED light wavelengths on the phytochemical profiles of the major secondary metabolites [i.e., anthocyanins, non-anthocyanin phenolics, and glucosinolates (GLs)] of Ruby Streaks mustard microgreens. Twenty-six anthocyanins, thirty-five non-anthocyanin phenolics, and six GLs were characterized in Ruby Streaks mustard extracts. Among them, three hydroxycinnamic acid-acylated Cyanidin 3-O-sophoroside-5-O-diglucosides and eight hydroxycinnamic acid-acylated flavonol-O-pentosylglucosides were newly discovered compounds in mustard microgreens. Three light treatments (blue, red, and magenta) were investigated and compared to the white (2700k) control. The red (660 nm) light and magenta (450 + 650 nm) light promoted the accumulation of both total and individual anthocyanin/aliphatic GLs, while the blue (450 nm) light was found to be the dominant factor in the accumulation of non-anthocyanin phenolics. The results suggested the significant and complex effect of lighting conditions on phytochemical accumulation in Ruby Streaks mustard microgreens, thus the potential of modulating nutritional profiles by varying wavelength of the light source.

Phytochemicals of mustard (Brassica Campestris) leaves tuned the nickel‐cobalt bimetallic oxide properties for enzyme‐free sensing of glucose

AbstractThe fabrication of enzyme‐free glucose sensors is highly demanded for the biological, clinical, and food applications. In this study, we have developed a green method for tuning the surface properties of nickel‐cobalt bimetallic oxide (NiCo2O4) by adding mustard (Brassica Campestris) leaves extract during hydrothermal growth. The mustard (Brassica Campestris) leaves extract is rich with a variety of phytochemicals, which can easily tune the surface properties of NiCo2O4 nanostructures, thereby paving the way toward the development of sensitive and selective non‐enzymatic glucose sensors. The effect of various amounts of mustard (Brassica Campestris) leaves extract (0–20 ml) was also studied to find out the optimal conditions for growing surface‐modified NiCo2O4 nanostructures. The morphology and crystalline structure of the nanomaterials were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, respectively. The presence of an increasing quantity of mustard (Brassica Campestris) extract keeps the crystalline structure and the morphology of the NiCo2O4 nanostructures unaltered but changes their dimensions. All nanostructures show the same cubic spinel structure of NiCo2O4 and a morphology of spherical urchins composed of nanorods, but the diameter of the urchins decreases from ~10 μm to several nanometers, thus increasing the surface area of the nanomaterial. Furthermore, NiCo2O4 nanostructures were deposited onto glassy carbon electrodes (CGE), showing excellent catalytic properties toward the enzyme‐free detection of glucose using cyclic voltammetry. Importantly, the intensity of the oxidation current peak was linear over a wide range of glucose concentrations (from 0.1 to 10 mM) and the limit of detection (LOD) was estimated around 0.001 mM. Additionally, NiCo2O4 nanostructures grown in the presence of 20 ml of mustard leaf extract demonstrated good repeatability and excellent selectivity for glucose, without interference by other components such as urea, lactic acid, uric acid, ascorbic acid, as well as potassium and sodium ions. The combined results attest that mustard leaf extract has high potential as a green approach to improve the electrochemical properties of nanostructured materials, and could be useful for a wide range of materials for future electrochemical applications.

PEGylated Nanoencapsulate of Melatonin-Rich Supercritical CO2 Extract of Yellow Mustard Seeds is an Authentic Lead for Type 2 Diabetes and Cholesterol Management

This study aimed to formulate melatonin (MT)-rich nanocapsulates from natural sources for mitigating hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes. The in vivo hypocholesterolemic and antidiabetic efficacies of the MT-rich extract of yellow mustard (YM) seeds has already been established in our previous investigation. This outcome prompted us to formulate nanoliposomes of the aforesaid extract to enhance the said therapeutic efficacies. YM extract has been encapsulated in the form of nanoliposomes (YM-PN) and subjected to detailed functional characterization. YM-PN has been administered orally (550 mg/kg b.w. for 28 days) in Wistar albino rats and, post-sacrification their plasma MT level, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, serum lipid profile and activities of key enzymes of glucose and cholesterol metabolic pathways were assayed. Functional characterization of YM-PN revealed PEGylated-o/w type-hydrophilic nanoliposomes which demonstrated prolonged and sustained release of MT (63.32% after 8 h). A synergistic consortium of antioxidants conferred strong antioxidant activity to YM-PN. Oral administration of YM-PN to diabetic and hypercholesterolemic rats restored their normal FBG and total cholesterol (TC) levels, respectively, with desirable up-down regulations of key enzymes of glucose and cholesterol homeostasis. Plasma MT levels also improved in these animals. The in vitro non-invasive model of iHOMA2 predicted that YM-PN increased hepatic insulin sensitivity and/ or glucose uptake in the gut in diabetic rats. The synergistic consortium of bioactives (including melatonin) in YM-PN is an authentic lead for natural product-based medicines in redressing hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes.

Use of Mustard Extracts Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria to Mitigate the Production of Fumonisin B1 and B2 by Fusarium verticillioides in Corn Ears.

Corn (Zea mays) is a worldwide crop subjected to infection by toxigenic fungi such as Fusarium verticillioides during the pre-harvest stage. Fusarium contamination can lead to the synthesis of highly toxic mycotoxins, such as Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and Fumonisin B2 (FB2), which compromises human and animal health. The work aimed to study the antifungal properties of fermented yellow and oriental mustard extracts using nine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in vitro. Moreover, a chemical characterization of the main phenolic compounds and organic acids were carried out in the extracts. The results highlighted that the yellow mustard, fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains, avoided the growth of Fusarium spp. in vitro, showing Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) values, ranging from 7.8 to 15.6 g/L and 15.6 to 31.3 g/L, respectively. Then, the lyophilized yellow mustard fermented extract by L. plantarum TR71 was applied through spray-on corn ears contaminated with F. verticillioides to study the antimycotoxigenic activity. After 14 days of incubation, the control contained 14.71 mg/kg of FB1, while the treatment reduced the content to 1.09 mg/kg (92.6% reduction). Moreover, no FB2 was observed in the treated samples. The chemical characterization showed that lactic acid, 3-phenyllactic acid, and benzoic acid were the antifungal metabolites quantified in higher concentrations in the yellow mustard fermented extract with L. plantarum TR71. The results obtained confirmed the potential application of fermented mustard extracts as a solution to reduce the incidence of mycotoxins in corn ears.

Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Activity of Green Mustard Ethanol Extract Gel

The skin is the organ of the body that is frequently exposed to direct UV rays from the sun, which causes the formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species), leading to cell death and tissue damage. This health problem can be overcome by using antioxidants to stabilize the free radicals. Mustard as an organic substance which contains polysaccharide compounds, vitamin C, carotene, quercetin, routine compounds, kaempferol and β-cytostreol, all of these are beneficial to skin health and beauty. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of the total flavonoids and phenol content of mustard ethanol extract using the DPPH method. Furthermore, the extract at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% was also tested for its anti-aging activity using the following parameters: moisture and oil content, texture, collagen, wrinkles, pigment, sensitivity, and pores. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the green mustard had an IC50 value of 170.7839 µg/ml, a total phenol content of 14.471 mg GAE/g extract and flavonoid content of 12.753 mg QE/g extract. The effectiveness of the aging activity of the extract was tested using formulation 6%, which is better than 2%, and 4%. Thus, the percentage of water content recovery, oil content, texture, collagen, wrinkles, stains, sensitivity and pores respectively was 36.41, 39.33, 64.07, 17.65, 65.28, 50.14, 49.10 and 35.09%. Consequently, it was concluded that the extract has the potential of being developed into a herbal beauty product.

Characterization of extractable components of fresh and fermented Huarong large-leaf mustard and their inhibitory effects on human colon cancer cells

Leaf mustard is a popular cruciferous vegetable, and its chemical composition and biological activities have seldom been investigated. The aim of this study was to characterize the primary extractable components of fresh and fermented leaf mustard and determine their growth inhibitory effects on human colon cancer cells. Our results show that the contents of total soluble sugar, fat, protein, and glucosinolates in the extract of fresh leaf mustard (EFrLM) were significantly higher than those in the extract of fermented leaf mustard (EFeLM), while the inverse was true for amino nitrogen and total polyphenol contents. A total of 45 compounds and 72 volatile components were further identified in the two extracts by LC-MS and GC-MS, respectively. EFrLM and EFeLM displayed no inhibitory effects on normal human colon myofibroblast CCD-18Co cells, but both induced cell cycle arrest and extensive cellular apoptosis in HCT116 cells. Cell cycle-related genes and signaling proteins (cyclin B, cyclin D1, and cyclin E) were downregulated, and apoptosis-related genes and signaling proteins (caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3) were upregulated. Notably, EFeLM exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect than EFrLM on HCT116 cells. The results of this study lay a solid foundation for understanding the chemical constituents and biological activities of leaf mustard and highlight its anticancer potential.

Determination of Allyl Isothiocyanate in Mustard and Horseradish Extracts by Single Reference GC and HPLC Based on Relative Molar Sensitivities

The main component of the Mustard and Horseradish extracts, which are used as natural food additives in Japan, is allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). The determination of AITC using GC-FID is the official method employed in the quality control assessments for these products. In this method, a commercially available AITC reagent is used as a calibrant. However, 1H-quantitative NMR (qNMR) analysis revealed that the AITC reagents contain impurity. Therefore, we examined the GC-FID and HPLC-refractive index detector (LC-RID) method based on relative molar sensitivities (RMSs) to high-purity single reference (SR). The RMSs of AITC/SR under the GC-FID and LC-RID conditions were accurately determined using qNMR. The AITC in two types of food additives was quantified using qNMR, SR GC-FID, and SR LC-RID methods. Both SR GC-FID and SR LC-RID showed good agreement within 2% with the AITC content determined by direct qNMR.

Evaluation of Mustard Seed (Brassica Nigra) Powder as Anaesthetic Agents in Different Life Stages of Black Jaw Tilapia (Sarotherodon Melanotheron)

This study assessed the anesthetic effects of mustard seed (Brassica nigra) powder in different life stages of Black Jaw Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron). A total of 540 fish comprising of 180 each of: fingerlings (mean length 5.54cm ± 1.08SD and mean weight 12.04g ± 2.09SD); juveniles (mean length 10.02cm ± 3.91SD and mean weight 30.91g ± 4.02SD) and adult (mean length 13.01cm ± 2.66SD and mean weight 70.82g ± 7.01SD) of S. melanotheron were used for the study. They were exposed to aqueous extracts of mustard seed (Brassica nigra) powder at different concentrations: 0.00-control; 10.00; 20.00; 30.00; 40.00 and 50.00 mg/L at the rate of 10 fish per tank in triplicates. The results obtained indicated a size related response of the fish to mustard seed extracts. The induction time decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) as the concentrations of the mustard seed extracts increased. The recovery time in the three sizes of exposed fish, generally increased as the concentrations of the anaesthetics increased. The survival rate was 100.00% in adult sizes of the exposed fish in all concentrations. While in fingerlings and juveniles, 90-95% survival rates were recorded at higher concentrations of the anaesthetics. This study therefore revealed that mustard seed can effectively be used as anaesthetics agent in S. melanotheron at optimum dose of 30mg/L.