Chelidonium Majus Extracts Research Articles

Exploring the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Chelidonium majus extracts against oral microorganisms

Chelidonium majus (Papaveraceae) is a widely utilized medicinal plant species known for its various effective biological activities. This study investigated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of C. majus against oral microorganisms. To assess its biological activities, C. majus fractions were obtained using 80% methanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (BuOH), and water. Antioxidant assays, including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging tests, as well as total polyphenol and flavonoid content determination, were conducted. Notably, the EtOAc fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant activity than that of the other fractions, both in terms of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. Furthermore, it contained the highest contents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the EtOAc extract (212.00 mg CAE/g, 135.70 mg NE/g). In addition, antimicrobial assays using various antimicrobial tests against oral microorganisms, namely S. mutans, S. gordonii, S. sobrinus, and S. sanguinis, were conducted to investigate the antibacterial effect, revealing that the EtOAc fraction showed the greatest inhibition. Furthermore, LC-MS analysis of the EtOAc fraction identified biologically active compounds, including phenolic compounds such as fisetin, quercetin, and coumaroylimalic acid. Based on these findings, C. majus, with its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, is a promising candidate for improving oral health.

Phytomediated-Assisted Preparation of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts and Assessment of Their Structural and Optical Properties.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles were obtained using aqueous extracts of Chelidonium majus and Viscum album. X-ray diffractometry analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles calcined at 600 °C. Scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis reflectance and Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and fluorescence studies were utilized to interpret the morphological and optical properties of these nanoparticles. The STEM images revealed the spherical shape of the nanoparticles and that they were predominantly uniform in size. The optical band gap of our cerium nanoparticles was determined to be 3.3 and 3.0 eV from reflectance measurements using the Tauc plots. The nanoparticle sizes evaluated from the Raman band at 464 cm-1 due to the F2g mode of the cubic fluorite structure of cerium oxide are close to those determined from the XRD and STEM data. The fluorescence results showed emission bands at 425, 446, 467, and 480 nm. The electronic absorption spectra have exhibited an absorption band around 325 nm. The antioxidant potential of the cerium oxide nanoparticles was estimated by DPPH scavenging assay.

Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Chelidonium majus, Mahonia aquifolium and Sanguinaria canadensis Extracts by Liquid Chromatography and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Cytotoxic Activity against Human Cancer Cells.

The search for new substances with cytotoxic activity against various cancer cells, especially cells that are very resistant to currently used chemotherapeutic agents, such as melanoma cells, is a very important scientific aspect. We investigated the cytotoxic effect of Chelidonium majus, Mahonia aquifolium and Sanguinaria canadensis extracts obtained from different parts of these plants collected at various vegetation stages on FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Almost all the tested extracts showed higher cytotoxicity against these cancer cells than the anticancer drug etoposide. The highest cytotoxicity against the FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines was obtained for the Sanguinaria candensis extract collected before flowering. The cytotoxicity of extracts obtained from different parts of Chelidonium majus collected at various vegetation stages was also evaluated on melanoma cells (A375, G361 and SK-MEL-3). The highest cytotoxic activity against melanoma A375 cells was observed for the Chelidonium majus root extract, with an IC50 of 12.65 μg/mL. The same extract was the most cytotoxic against SK-MEL-3 cells (IC50 = 1.93 μg/mL), while the highest cytotoxic activity against G361 cells was observed after exposure to the extract obtained from the herb of the plant. The cytotoxic activity of Chelidonium majus extracts against melanoma cells was compared with the cytotoxicity of the following anticancer drugs: etoposide, cisplatin and hydroxyurea. In most cases, the IC50 values obtained for the anticancer drugs were higher than those obtained for the Chelidonium majus extracts. The most cytotoxic extract obtained from the root of Chelidonium majus was selected for in vivo cytotoxic activity investigations using a Danio rerio larvae xenograft model. The model was applied for the first time in the in vivo investigations of the extract's anticancer potential. The application of Danio rerio larvae xenografts in cancer research is advantageous because of the transparency and ease of compound administration, the small size and the short duration and low cost of the experiments. The results obtained in the xenograft model confirmed the great effect of the investigated extract on the number of cancer cells in a living organism. Our investigations show that the investigated plant extracts exhibit very high cytotoxic activity and can be recommended for further experiments in order to additionally confirm their potential use in the treatment of various human cancers.

Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in the Muscle Tissue of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Treated in vitro by Extracts of Chelidonium majus L.

Consistent with our previous studies, we continue to evaluate the antioxidant potential of representatives belonging to the Papaveraceae family collected from the northern part of Poland using a muscle tissue model of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Therefore, in the present study, oxidative stress biomarkers (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins (OMP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) and also activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) were used for evaluating the in vitro antioxidant activity of root and stalk extracts derived from great celandine Chelidonium majus L. (CM) collected in urban and rural agglomerations of Kartuzy district (Pomeranian province, northern part of Poland). Freshly collected roots and stalks were washed, weighed, crushed, and homogenized in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (in the proportion of 1:19, w/w) at room temperature. Incubation of salmon muscle tissue with extracts derived from both the stalks and roots of CM harvested from rural areas resulted in a decrease in lipid peroxidation. The incubation of salmon muscle tissue with extracts derived from both the stems and roots of CM harvested from rural areas resulted in a decrease in lipid peroxidation. Similarly, the use of extracts derived from the roots of CM collected from urban areas resulted in a decrease in TBARS levels. These results suggest that it can be argued that the presence of secondary plant metabolites in CM extracts protects structures of cell membranes against the damaging effects of free radicals. On the other hand, analysis of levels of protein oxidation after incubation of muscle tissue with CM extracts showed that extracts derived from both roots and stalks of CM harvested from urban areas reduced levels of ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins. Analyzing the total antioxidant capacity after the incubation with CM extracts under in vitro conditions, we concluded that extracts mainly derived from the stalks of CM harvested from both urban and rural areas effectively increase TAC levels. These results are reflected after analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity, where we observed statistically significant increases in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. On the other hand, the incubation of CM extracts with muscle tissue resulted in a statistically significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity compared to the control samples.

Dose-Dependent Alterations in the Biomarkers of Lipid and Protein Oxidation in the Blood of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after in vitro Incubation with Extracts of Chelidonium majus L.

The role of oxidative stress in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus is both critical and pivotal. Several molecular event cascades in different metabolic pathways such as glycolytic, hexosamine, protein kinase C, polyol and advanced glycation end-product pathways have been identified as pro-oxidative processes and are usually upregulated in diabetics. Consistent with our previous studies, we continue to evaluate the antioxidant potential of great celandine (Chelidonium majus L., CM), a representative of the Papaveraceae family, collected from northern parts of Poland using the blood samples of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, in the present study, oxidative stress biomarkers (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP)) were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the stalk and root extracts of CM in final doses of 5 mg.mL-1, 2.5 mg.mL-1, 1.25 mg.mL-1 and 0.63 mg.mL-1. Plant materials were collected from natural habitats on the territory of the Kartuzy district in the Pomeranian province (northern part of Poland). The use of extracts derived from both roots and stalks of CM collected from both urban and rural agglomerations in final doses of 5 mg.mL-1, 2.5 mg.mL-1, and 1.25 mg.mL-1 resulted in a significant enhancement of lipid peroxidation in the blood samples. On the contrary, only incubation of blood samples with stalk extracts of CM collected from urban areas at a final dose of 0.63 mg.mL-1 resulted in a no-significant decrease in TBARS levels contributing to the protection of lipid structures in membranes. Similar results were obtained by analyzing levels of aldehydic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins in the blood samples after in vitro incubation with the extracts, where final doses of 5 mg.mL-1, 2.5 mg.mL-1, and 1.25 mg.mL-1 significantly increased the oxidation process in protein structures. Analysis of levels of ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins showed that the use of root extracts of CM collected from urban agglomerations in final doses of 2.5 and 1.25 mg.mL-1 reduced levels of oxidatively modified proteins, while the use of stalk extracts of CM harvested from urban agglomerations in a final dose of 0.63 mg.mL-1 statistically significantly reduced levels of ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins compared to the control samples. These in vitro studies indicate that extracts derived from this plant are a significant source of natural metabolites that could be cytotoxic in final doses of 5 mg.mL-1, 2.5 mg.mL-1, and 1.25 mg.mL-1 to the blood of patients with T2DM. Only a final dose of 0.63 mg.mL-1 no significantly changed levels of lipid and protein oxidation in the blood samples.

GREEN SYNTHESIS OS SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF GENTIANA SEPTEMFIDA, ERYSIMUM CONTRACTUM AND CHELIDONIUM MAJUS AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF OBTAINED AGNPS

Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles is simple, effective, eco-friendly and inexpensive way. It is a non-toxic method. Biosynthesized nanoparticles are primarily biocompatible and can be used in biomedical applications. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known to have strong antibacterial effects against pathogenic bacteria and have shown antifungal, antiviral activities so they can be helpful not only for fighting against bacteria. In given study silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using methanolic extracts of Gentiana septemfida, Erysimum contractum and Chelidonium majus. Obtained nanoparticles were evaluated for antibacterial and fungicidal activities against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Also, their cytotoxic effects were evaluated on human lung carcinoma A-549, colon adenocarcinoma DLD-1, and healthy human skin fibroblasts WS1 cell lines. The results show antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects at different level for each type. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles is simple, cost effective, eco-friendly method and obtained nanoparticles have potential to be used as antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic agents.

Chelidonium majus WATER EXTRACT INITIATES PLATELET AGGREGATION AND INHIBITS FIBRIN POLYMERIZATION IN BLOOD PLASMA

Chelidonium majus is a well-known source of biologically active compounds. Most of them are alkaloids, which are used in researches and for tradition medicine. In this study, we explored the influence of C. majus crude total extract onto blood coagulation system in vitro, primary and secondary hemostasis. Aim. To study influence of C. majus extract onto blood coagulation process. Methods. Turbidimetry of blood plasma, APTT test with chromogenic substrates, and platelet aggregation were used in the work. Results. We demonstrated moderate stimulating effect of the extract on platelets (the rate of platelet aggregation increased up to 10%, followed by disaggregation). Extract also increased the rate of platelet aggregation stimulated by 12.5 mcM of ADP. We observed the increase in the plasma clotting time in the presence of the extract, that corresponded to the 274, 411, 685, 1370 mcg of dry extract, from 70 s in control to 80, 90, 170 and 180 s, respectively, in turbidimetry test of plasma stimulated by APTT-reagent. However, APTT test with the chromogenic substrate of thrombin (S2238) did not show significant influence of this plant’s extract on thrombin activity. Conclusions. Thus, we can conclude that anticoagulant activity of Chelidonium majus extract corresponded to the direct inhibition of fibrin polymerization.

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHELIDONIUM SPECIES MAJUS L.

The present paper has as main objective the determination of the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of some pharmaceutical forms obtained in the laboratory of pharmaceutical technology of the Faculty of Pharmacy of the University "Lower Danube of Galati". We used semi-solid pharmaceutical forms with different concentrations of soft extract of Chelidonium majus L, 50%, 25% and 10% in two ointment bases, simple ointment and base III I performed the antimicrobial activity for all four ointments, compared to extract 1: 3.75 in hydroalcoholic solution (ethyl alcohol / water 35/65 by mass) from aerial parts of Chelidonium majus and alcohol 70 °. hydroalcoholic solution was obtained by cold preparation from the aerial parts of the plant Chelidonium majus. We determined the antimicrobial activity by the diffusimetric method (Kirby-Bauer) and the dilution method. The 50% concentration ointment (UNG A) shows activity on some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and not on the fungus Candida albicans.

Dose-Dependent Changes in the Levels of Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Muscle Tissue of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) after In Vitro Treatment by Extracts Derived from Stalks and Roots of Great Celadine (Chelidonium majus L.)

Consistent with our previous studies, we continue to evaluate the antioxidant potential of representatives belonging to the Papaveraceae family collected from the northern part of Poland using a muscle tissue model of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Therefore, in the present study, oxidative stress biomarkers [2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein oxidative modification carbonyl derivative content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC)] were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of stalk and root extracts of Chelidonium majus L. (CM) at doses of 5 mg·mL-1, 2.5 mg·mL-1, 1.25 mg·mL-1, and 0.63 mg·mL-1. Muscle tissue homogenates of rainbow trout were used in this study. Phosphate buffer was used as a positive control. After incubation of the mixture at 25 °C for 2 h with continuous mixing, samples were used for biochemical studies. Results of our study revealed that a dose of CM extracts of 0.63 mg·mL-1 showed the highest antioxidant activity in the muscle tissue of rainbow trout. The extracts derived mainly from the roots of CM collected from rural areas were effective in reducing the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers by reducing lipid peroxidation markers, which may suggest that the active substances such as alkaloids (chelidonine, sanguinarine, berberine), flavonoids, phenols in these plants can effectively protect the membrane structures in muscle cells of salmonids. We also observed statistically significant reductions in levels of both aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins in muscle tissue of rainbow trout after incubation with CM extracts at this dose compared to the controls. The comparison of these results shows that CM extracts can effectively inhibit protein damage by scavenging free radicals and/or activation of antioxidant defenses. The secondary metabolites of CM, i.e. polyphenols and alkaloids, are most likely responsible for this effect. Using doses of 5 mg·mL-1, 2.5 mg·mL-1, and 1.25 mg·mL-1 of both root and stalk extracts in vitro study, statistically significant increases in levels of TBARS and OMP were observed. Screening of species belonging to the family Papaveraceae for other biological activities, including antioxidant activity, is essential and may be effective in the search for preventive measures in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by oxidative stress in human and veterinary medicine.

Protective efficiency of Chelidonium majus extract against hepatoimmune and DNA changes induced by aflatoxin B1

Suppressive effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on topsin induced ovarian toxicity and oxidative stress in albino ratsSaber A. Sakr,Hoda A. Mahran, Asmaa M. Abdel-Maksoud

The Cultivation of Chelidonium majus L. Increased the Total Alkaloid Content and Cytotoxic Activity Compared with Those of Wild-Grown Plants.

The effect of cultivation practises on both the phytochemical profile and biological activity of aqueous ethanol extracts of Chelidonium majus L. was studied. Extracts were prepared from aerial parts of the same plant population collected in the wild and grown under organic farming conditions. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of alkaloids and flavonoid derivatives were performed by LC/MS methods, and the cytotoxicity of lyophilised extracts was studied in B16-F10, HepG2, and CaCo-2 cells. Coptisine was the dominant alkaloid of extracts prepared from wild-grown plants, whereas after cultivation, chelidonine was the most abundant alkaloid. The total alkaloid content was significantly increased by cultivation. Ten flavonol glycoconjugates were identified in C. majus extracts, and quantitative analysis did not reveal significant differences between extracts prepared from wild-grown and cultivated specimens. Treatment with C. majus extracts resulted in a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity in all three cell lines. The extracts prepared from cultivated specimens showed higher cytotoxicity than the extracts prepared from wild-grown plants. The strongest cytotoxic effect of cultivated C. majus was observed in B16-F10 cells (IC50 = 174.98 ± 1.12 µg/mL). Cultivation-induced differences in the phytochemical composition of C. majus extracts resulted in significant increases in the cytotoxic activities of the preparations.

In vivo activity of different feeding levels of Greater Celandine (Chelidonium Majus) extract on the growth performance and digestibility in broilers

The present research work was conducted to investigate the effect of Chelidonium Majus Extract (CME) on growth performance and digestibility in broiler chickens In vivo.

Effective Reduction of Cr(VI) and Organic Dyes Using Pd NPs/Fe3O4@nanocellulose as a Recoverable Catalyst in Aqueous Media

In this work, the extract of the roots plant of Chelidonium majus (greater celandine) was used to synthesize a magnetically reusable Pd nanoparticles supported by Fe3O4@nanocellulose through a green synthesis method. The Pd NPs/Fe3O4@nanocellulose catalyst as an impressive catalyst was prepared via reduction of Pd2+ ions using Chelidonium majus extract as bioreductant agent. The synthesized Pd NPs/Fe3O4@nanocellulose was characterized using vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis techniques. This heterogeneous catalyst represented excellent activity for full degradation of Cr(VI) in the presence of formic acid at 50 °C, and reduction of methylene blue, methyl orange, rhodamine B and congo red in the presence of NaBH4 as a reducing agent at room temperature. The synthesized catalyst was also reused four times for the reduction reactions without significant activity loss.

Effects of Chelidonium majus and Ascophyllum nodosum Extracts on Growth and Photosynthesis of Soybean

Herbal extracts used in agriculture are formulated from plants (or other organisms) as alternatives to synthetic chemicals that could have adverse effects on growers, consumers, or the environment. In this study, the effects of two herbal extracts on soybean were assessed: <em>Chelidonium majus</em> (C7: Celext 07) and <em>Ascophyllum nodosum</em> (ST: Stimulagro). A standardized approach for germinating seeds and monitoring early seedling growth for 15 days (SOP-Soybean) was used to evaluate the effects of these extracts. Growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate were measured on the fifteenth day after sowing (DAS). A combination of <em>C. majus</em> and <em>A. nodosum</em> (C7+ST), both 1 g L<sup>−1</sup>, was the most beneficial treatment and significantly increased shoot height (13.2%), dry mass (10.7%), and photosynthetic rate (20.3%). In a separate experiment, foliar application of the same compounds was performed on the tenth and twentieth DAS, with sampling on the thirtieth DAS. Foliar applications with 1 g L<sup>−1</sup> of <em>A. nodosum</em> (ST) significantly enhanced the dry mass (23.5%), and the photosynthetic rate was increased even at 10 days after application (22.5%). Therefore, seedling exposure to <em>C. majus</em> (C7) and <em>A. nodosum</em> (ST) and foliar applications of <em>A. nodosum</em> (ST) stimulated the growth and development of soybean. These natural compounds seem to have the potential to act as growth stimulants for soybean and should be tested for their capacity to improve field growth and yield.

Core Imprinting: An Alternative and Economic Approach for Depleting Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Herbal Extracts

AbstractDue to the high toxicity of pyrrolizidine alkaloids, in 2011, the German Federal Institute of Risk Assessment recommended that their daily intake limit should be no more than 0.007 µg/kg body weight. The risk of ingesting these substances in herbal preparations, either from their inherent presence in plants or through contamination with pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing weeds, should not be underestimated. A promising molecular imprinted polymer was developed previously to minimise exposure to these compounds. Due to the high costs of the template and the risk of template bleeding, an alternative and more economic pyrrolizidine alkaloid depleting strategy is still required. Core imprinting, which focuses on the most important structural element in the target molecule, was investigated using triethylamine and tetraethylammonium as easily available and cheap alternative templates. The suitability of core imprinting was demonstrated using a pyrrolizidine alkaloid standard solution if an excess of an alternative template compared to monocrotaline was used for imprinting. Matrix trials in pyrrolizidine alkaloid-spiked Mentha piperita, Chelidonium majus, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Matricaria chamomilla extracts containing Echium vulgare revealed better pyrrolizidine alkaloid binding than demonstrated for the original molecular imprinted polymer. Echimidine and echimidine-N-oxide were depleted in the range of 31.8–70.0 and 26.1–45.1%, respectively. However, solvent-dependent differences in pyrrolizidine alkaloid binding and inherent plant analytical marker compounds were observed. Hence, binding of analytical marker compounds was better minimised in methanolic than in ethanolic extracts. The present study reveals core imprinting to be an economic alternative approach for depleting pyrrolizidine alkaloids in plant extracts.

In vitro antifungal activity and possible mechanisms of action of chelerythrine

Chelerythrine (CHE) possesses broad pharmacological activities. In this study, the extract of Chelidonium majus L. were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), infrared radiation (IR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It was proved that the extract was CHE. The antifungal activity of CHE against five fungal pathogens of rice was researched in vitro, revealing that CHE inhibited Ustilaginoidea virens (U. virens) and Cochliobolus miyabeanus (C. miyabeanus) with 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of 6.53 × 10−3 mg/mL and 5.62 × 10−3 mg/mL, respectively. When the concentration of CHE was 7.5 × 10−3 mg/mL, the inhibition rate of U. virens reached 56.1%. Moreover, CHE (4 × 10−3 mg/mL) exhibited the greatest efficacy in inhibiting spore of U. virens growth with an inhibition rate as high as 86.7%. CHE displayed the best inhibitory activity against U. virens at the concentration of 7.5 × 10−3 mg/mL, compared with the other two isoquinoline alkaloids and commercial fungicide validamycin. After treating U. virens mycelia with CHE, twisted and atrophied mycelia were observed by optical microscopy. SEM results demonstrated narrow and locally fractured mycelium. TEM observations showed that the cell wall had become thin and broken, and most organelles were difficult to recognize. Furthermore, membrane of mycelia was destroyed and reactive oxygen species (ROS) of spores was accumulated, which induced apoptosis of pathogenic fungi. From these results, our understanding of the mechanisms of antifungal activity of CHE against U. virens was enriched and this research is relevant for developing novel pesticides.

Anticancer effects of NSC‑631570 (Ukrain) in head and neck cancer cells: In�vitro analysis of growth, invasion, angiogenesis and gene expression

NSC‑631570 (Ukrain) is an aqueous extract of Chelidoniummajus, a herbaceous perennial plant, one of two species in the genus Chelidonium, which has been demonstrated to selectively kill tumor cells without affecting non‑malignant cells. In the present study, the components of NSC‑631570 were examined by combined liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC‑MS) and the effects of NSC‑631570 on HNSCC cell lines, as well as primary cells, were analyzed with respect to growth, apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis and gene expression. LC‑MS identified chelerythrine and allocryptopine as the major alkaloids of the extract. Moreover, NSC‑631570 suppressed the growth of all tested HNSCC cell lines, including a paclitaxel‑resistant and P‑glycoprotein (MDR1)‑overexpressing cell line. Mucosal keratinocytes were also affected by the extract, while fibroblasts proved to be much more resistant. In contrast to allocryptopine, chelerythrine had toxic effects on HNSCC cell lines at low doses. NSC‑631570 significantly induced apoptosis in the FaDu and HLaC78 cell lines. As analyzed by a spheroid‑based invasion assay, cell migration was significantly suppressed by NSC‑631570 in FaDu cells on gelatine, fibronectin, collagen, laminin and Matrigel®. Migration of the highly invasive cell line HLaC78 was also inhibited, albeit to a lesser extent (not significant on laminin). Microarray analysis revealed the downregulation of genes encoding key regulators, including EGFR, AKT2, JAK1, STAT3 and ß‑catenin (CTNNB1), all of which are involved in cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis as well as the radiation‑ and chemo‑resistance of HNSCC. The strongest upregulation occurred for cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and 1B1 (CYP1B1), involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Upregulation of CYP1A1 was at least partially caused by chelerythrine and allocryptopine, as shown by RT‑qPCR in two HNSCC cell lines. In addition, NSC‑631570 showed a high anti‑angiogenic action on the tube formation ability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In conclusion, this study highlights NSC‑631570 as a promising therapeutic approach for HNSCC.

New lignanamides and alkaloids from Chelidonium majus and their anti-inflammation activity

Two new lignanamides, majusamides A and B (1 and 2), and two new alkaloids, chelidoniumine (3) and tetrahydrocoptisine N-oxide (4), together with six known hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCCA) were isolated from the 75% ethanol extract of Chelidonium majus through the silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI, ODS column chromatography, and semi-HPLC. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data and physico-chemical methods. The absolute configurations of 1–3 were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The anti-inflammatory activities of all the isolates on the NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages were evaluated. Compounds 7 and 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 25.3 ± 0.5 and 23.5 ± 1.7 μM, respectively.

Applicability of a Monolithic Column for Separation of Isoquinoline Alkalodis from Chelidonium majus Extract.

Isoquinoline alkaloids are the main group of secondary metabolites present in Chelidonium majus extracts, and they are still the object of interest of many researchers. Therefore, the development of methods for the investigation and separation of the alkaloids is still an important task. In this work, the application potential of a silica-based monolithic column for the separation of alkaloids was assessed. The influence of the organic modifier, temperature, salt concentration, and pH of the eluent on basic chromatographic parameters such as retention, resolution between neighboring peaks, chromatographic plate numbers, and peak asymmetry were investigated. Based on the obtained results, a gradient elution program was developed and used to separate and quantitatively determine the main alkaloids in a Chelidonium majus root extract.

Comparison of Anticancer Activity and HPLC-DAD Determination of Selected Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Thalictrum foetidum, Berberis sp. and Chelidonium majus Extracts.

Background: Plants are an important origin of natural substances that the raw material for various pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications due to the presence of phytochemicals, such as alkaloids. Alkaloids, which are found in different plant species, possess numerous biological activities. Some alkaloids have strong cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells. The search for new drugs to treat various cancers is one of the most important challenges of modern scientific research. Objective: This study aimed to investigate of cytotoxic activity of extracts that were obtained from Chelidonium Majus; Berberis sp.; Thalictrum foetidum containing various alkaloids on selected cancer cell lines. The aim was also the quantification of selected alkaloids in the investigated extracts by HPLC. Methods: The analysis of alkaloids contents were performed while using HPLC in reversed phase (RP) mode using Polar RP column and mobile phase containing acetonitrile, water, and ionic liquid. The cytotoxic effect of the tested plant extracts and respective alkaloids’ standards were examined while using human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells (FaDu), human tongue squamous carcinoma cells (SCC-25), human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), and human triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231). Conclusion: All of the investigated plant extracts possess cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines: FaDu, SCC-25, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231. The highest cytotoxic activity against FaDu and MDA-MB-231 cells was observed for Chelidonium majus root extract, while the highest cytotoxic activity against SCC-25 and MCF-7 cells was estimated for the Thalictrum foetidum root extract. There obtained significant differences in the cytotoxic activity of extracts that were obtained from the roots and herbs of Chelidonium majus and Thalictrum foetidum. Based on these results, investigated plant extracts can be recommended for further investigations of anticancer activity.