Abstract
Herbal extracts used in agriculture are formulated from plants (or other organisms) as alternatives to synthetic chemicals that could have adverse effects on growers, consumers, or the environment. In this study, the effects of two herbal extracts on soybean were assessed: <em>Chelidonium majus</em> (C7: Celext 07) and <em>Ascophyllum nodosum</em> (ST: Stimulagro). A standardized approach for germinating seeds and monitoring early seedling growth for 15 days (SOP-Soybean) was used to evaluate the effects of these extracts. Growth characteristics, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate were measured on the fifteenth day after sowing (DAS). A combination of <em>C. majus</em> and <em>A. nodosum</em> (C7+ST), both 1 g L<sup>−1</sup>, was the most beneficial treatment and significantly increased shoot height (13.2%), dry mass (10.7%), and photosynthetic rate (20.3%). In a separate experiment, foliar application of the same compounds was performed on the tenth and twentieth DAS, with sampling on the thirtieth DAS. Foliar applications with 1 g L<sup>−1</sup> of <em>A. nodosum</em> (ST) significantly enhanced the dry mass (23.5%), and the photosynthetic rate was increased even at 10 days after application (22.5%). Therefore, seedling exposure to <em>C. majus</em> (C7) and <em>A. nodosum</em> (ST) and foliar applications of <em>A. nodosum</em> (ST) stimulated the growth and development of soybean. These natural compounds seem to have the potential to act as growth stimulants for soybean and should be tested for their capacity to improve field growth and yield.
Highlights
Soybean, owing to its dietary, industrial, medicinal, and economic importance, has become a major crop in Canada, with a seeded area of 2.61 million ha (Soy Canada, 2019)
We have presented the use of two extracts containing natural compounds, with potential for the growth and development of soybean
Data collection for the seed treatment experiment was performed on the fifteenth day after sowing (DAS), whereas that for the foliar application experiment was performed on the thirtieth DAS
Summary
Soybean, owing to its dietary, industrial, medicinal, and economic importance, has become a major crop in Canada, with a seeded area of 2.61 million ha (Soy Canada, 2019). The environmental risks may involve degradation of soil quality and agricultural nonpoint pollution from overuse of chemical fertilizers (Liu & Diamond, 2005; Yin et al, 2018). We have presented the use of two extracts containing natural compounds, with potential for the growth and development of soybean. Joshi-Paneri et al / Effects of Celandine and Seaweed Extracts on Soybean to stimulate the production of bile and pancreatic digestive enzymes (Papuc et al, 2012). Previous studies have reported the use of seaweeds as biostimulants to improve the growth, yield, and quality of maize and rice in India (Layek et al, 2018, 2019). Some studies have reported the positive effects of seaweed extracts on soybean (Martynenko et al, 2016; Rathore et al, 2009). We examined the effects of Celext 07 and Stimulagro on the growth and physiology of soybean
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