Celery Extract Research Articles

Constituents of alexander’s celery (Smyrnium olusatrum) extracts and their antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory and anticancer effects based on in vitro, in silico and network pharmacology methods

This research delves into the medicinal significance of Smyrnium olusatrum by investigating ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water, and infusion extracts. The chemical composition analysed through LC-MS-qTOF metabolomic analysis, determine total phenolic and flavonoid contents, evaluate antioxidant potential using six in vitro tests (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, phosphomolybdenum assay (PBD), and metal chelating assay (MCA)), assess enzyme inhibition activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase, and explore their anticancer effects on HEp-2 cells. Additionally, qPCR analysis is conducted on HEp-2 larynx cancer cells to examine the impact of S. olusatrum on self-renewal and apoptosis pathways, along with the expression levels of key genes associated with these pathways. The findings indicated that the infusion extraction method demonstrated the highest levels, with a recorded TPC of 35.02 mg GAE/g and a TFC of 15.08 mg RE/g. All four extracts of S. olusatrum exhibited a total of 328 entities. The most significant metabolites, primarily comprising polyphenolics, flavonoids, non-structural carbohydrates, and amino acids in negative ionization mode, as well as sesquiterpene lactone and amino acids in positive ionization, were identified. Infusion exhibited the highest antioxidant effect among the extracts, with peak values ranged from 55.55 mg TE/g (DPPH) to 100.07 mg TE/g (ABTS). The extracts exhibited variable enzyme activities. Notably, ethyl acetate also demonstrated superior α-Amylase inhibition (0.69 mmol ACAE/g), while the ethanol extract exhibited higher α-Glucosidase inhibition (1.70 mmol ACAE/g). The HEp-2 cells demonstrated the quickest attainment of half maximal inhibitory concentration values with ethanol and ethanol/water extracts, yielding IC50 values of 250 µg/mL (24 h) and 125 µg/mL (24 h), respectively, among the applied extracts. The qPCR results revealed that S. olusatrum inhibited all self-renewal pathways and activated the apoptotic pathway. The ethanol and ethanol/water extracts of S. olusatrum significantly suppressed WNT1, APC, LEF1, and TCF7 genes. Furthermore, the downregulation of NOTCH1, SHH, and SMO gene expressions in all extracts suggests the activation of the Type 1 non-canonical hedgehog pathway in laryngeal cancer. The findings not only underscore the therapeutic potential of these extracts but also open the way for further exploration of their applications in combating oxidative stress, enzyme-related disorders, and potential anti-cancer effects through modulation of crucial cellular pathways.

Effects of Methanol Extract of Celery (Apium graveolens) Leaf on Ethanol-Induced Left Ventricular Changes in Wistar Rats

Background: Alcohol consumption is associated with several cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, left ventricular hypertrophy, as well as with other disorders. This study was designed to determine the cardioprotective effect of celery (Apium graveolens) extract in attenuating perturbations arising from alcohol ingestion on left ventricular injury in adult Wistar rats.  Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 120g -160g were used for this study. The rats were divided into six (6) groups A, B, C, D, E &F five (5) rats each. The rats in group (A) served as control and received standard pellet, while groups B, C, D, E and F were administered orally with 8ml/kg b. w of ethanol and 100mg/kg, 150mg/kg, 200mg/kg of methanol extract of Apium graveolens (MEAG) were given to group C, D and E and 25mg of propranolol was given to group F orally. Group A and B were administered with 2ml/kg b. w distilled water.  Results: The relative heart weight, level of serum cardiac troponin I and left ventricular wall thickness of the ethanol-induced rats were significantly increase (F = 7.64; p = 0.002), (F = 22.66; p = 0.001) and (F = 85.29; p < 0.001) when compared with the control and across all experimental groups in this study. Group treated with MEAG also showed regular striations.Conclusion: This study indicates that MEAG has cardioprotective effects on these perturbations.

Effect of Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Extract Administration on Kidney Function of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar Strains Exposed to Lead

Lead significantly affects health because of its sensitivity to the central nervous system and rapid absorption rate. The phytochemicals included in celery, such as flavonoids, may mitigate lead-induced kidney damage. This research aimed to determine how administering celery extract affected the expression of the Caspase-3 gene and the kidney TNF-α gene in Rattus Norvegicus Wistar white rats exposed to lead. The research method true experiment examined the effects of 80 mg/day celery extract on Caspase-3 gene expression and renal TNF-α gene expression in rats exposed to lead. Each of the three groups will include six rats; there will be eighteen male Wistar rats in the study. The study used SPSS 26.0 and the Saphiro Wills test to analyze data on TNF-α and Caspase 3 expression in rats exposed to lead acetate (Pb). The results showed a normal distribution for the negative control group (K-) and the positive control group (K+) and a normal distribution for the treatment group (P). However, the paired t-test showed significant differences in all treatment groups (p <0.05), indicating a normal distribution in the data. The study concludes the impact of celery extract on kidney function in lead-exposed Wistar rats, revealing various active compounds like flavonoids. Despite insignificant caspase 3 reduction, flavonoids showed potential in mitigating lead-induced kidney damage.

In vivo study of celery (Apium graveolens L) extract for regenerating pancreatic β-cell

Background: The celery plant (Apium graveolens L.) is a widely distributed herbal plant globally known for being a significant source of natural active products, including phenolic compounds and antioxidants demonstrating antidiabetic activity. Previous research findings have indicated the impact of celery leaf extract on reducing blood glucose levels. However, up to now, there is a dearth of research investigating the potential effect of celery leaf extract on the regeneration of pancreatic beta cells in mice with diabetes models.Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the ethanol extract of celery leaves on the number of pancreatic cells in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice.Method: This research method uses a randomized controlled group posttest only design. Experimental animals were divided into five groups, including a group of experimental animals in a healthy condition, the group with hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia group with celery extract at 200 mg/kg BW, hyperglycemia group with celery extract at 400 mg/kg, and hyperglycemia group with extract celery is 800 mg/kg BW. Termination was performed on day 60 after therapy and pancreas hematoxylin and eosin staining. They are counting the number of cells with a photo slide with 400x magnification in 5 fields of view—statistical analysis using One-Way ANOVA.Results: The study revealed that celery extract could increase the number of pancreatic cells compared to the control group (P<0.002). Notably, the highest increase in pancreatic cell count was observed in the group administered with 400 mg/BW of celery extract.Conclusion: Celery leaf extract effectively increased the number of beta cells in vivo.

Development of technology and research of properties of fermented milk product with celery

Fermented foods and beverages have nutritional and medicinal properties. Usually, the expansion of the range of fermented sour milk products is carried out in two directions: the first is the use in technology of new active leavening microorganisms, resistant to the factors of the gastric environment with a corrective effect on the intestinal microbiota; the second is the introduction of additives mainly of fruit and vegetable origin into the composition of the ready-made fermented milk product. Celery is a vegetable that can also be used to enrich a fermented milk product with necessary nutrients. After all, celery extracts have many nutraceutical properties, namely antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, and antiaggregation properties. The work aimed to substantiate the need to introduce puree of celery leaves, stalks, and roots into yogurt and to develop a fermented product. During the research, generally accepted organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological methods were used. The scientific expediency of enriching a fermented milk product – yogurt with celery puree – has been substantiated. The addition of more than 20 % celery puree has a positive effect on the phenomenon of syneresis of the finished product since the amount of whey separated during filtration was 3–4 times less than in control. According to organoleptic indicators, the best samples were yogurts with a celery content of 25 to 30 %; besides, yogurt with celery (30 %) had a significant reserve of microbiological stability during storage at temperatures of +3 –+5 °С. In particular, this fermented milk product can be stored for 14 days without deterioration of quality and safety indicators. Therefore, it is proposed that puree from celery stalks, leaves, and roots be added to the yogurt production technology in the amount of 25–30 %. This will enrich this fermented milk product with biologically valuable dietary fibers.

Impact of spices and aromatic plants on the growth and mycotoxin production in fungi

Spices and aromatic plants have antioxidant, and antibacterial qualities to extend food shelf life and quality. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) identified mycotoxins in experimental fungus in this study. The mycotoxin analysis showed that Aspergillus terreus, A. nidulans, and F. oxysporum produced aflatoxin B1, G1, and ochratoxin with retention factors of 0.46, 0.48, and 0.56, respectively. The mycelial dry weight method assessed extract inhibition of experimental fungus. Clove extract inhibited fungal proliferation at higher concentrations, reducing mycotoxin generation. As clove extract concentration grew from 10mg/ml to 40mg/ml, A. nidulans mycelia multiplication decreased from 8% to 98%. As extract concentration increased from 10mg/ml to 50mg/ml, F. oxysporum decreased ranged from 53% to 100%. Celery and basil leaf extracts followed similar trends. As extract concentration grew from 10mg/ml to 50mg/ml, aflatoxin and ochratoxin generation were inhibited by 25% to 100% and 57% to 100%, respectively. These extracts may inhibit aflatoxin-producing fungi.

Effect of celery (Apium graveolens l) ethanol extract on the prevention of gastric ulcers in rats

Background: Gastric ulcer is an excoriation area of the stomach caused by the destruction of mucosal defense against the predominant factors. One of the efforts that should be made to reduce the incidence of gastric ulcers is a precautionary measure to use ethanol extract of celery (Apium graveolens L). Celery contains phenolic compounds, such as apigenin which acts as an antioxidant. Antioxidant has the potential as an agent of gastric mucosal protection against cell damage caused by excessive activation of free radicals (ROS). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of celery ethanol extract in preventing gastric ulcers through a reduction of ulcer lesion length. Method: Research method Post-test Only Randomized Controlled Group Design conducted on Wistar strain rats. Experimental animals were divided into 5 groups: healthy, normal wound with induction indomethacin, and celery ethanol extract administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg, 300, mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg. Observations were made on the length of gastric ulcer lesions. The length of the gastric ulcer was measured using a vernier caliper and statistically analyzed by the One-way ANOVA test. Result: The result showed that the ethanol extract of celery at 300mg/kgBB was the best dose in preventing the formation of gastric ulcer by decreasing the length of the gastric ulcer. Conclusion: Based on these results, the researcher suggests comparing other various parameters regarding the effect of celery ethanol extract for the prevention of gastric ulcers.

Ameliorating Effect of Apium graveolens (Celery) Extracts on IL-6 Plasma Level and Expression of Caspase 3 on Liver in Animal Model of Lead Intoxication.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Lead poisoning (Pb) is a big problem because it is found in almost all objects in daily life such as vehicle fuel, water pipes, ceramics, cosmetics and others. Continuous lead exposure can increase ROS resulting in an increase in hepatic IL-6 and caspase 3 which replaces hepatic cell apoptosis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of <i>Apium graveolens</i> (celery) extract on plasma IL-6 and hepatic caspase 3 levels. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This study used a post-test control group design. The research subjects were 20 Wistar rats that met the inclusion criteria and were divided into 4 groups randomly, namely (a) Sham group that had no treatment, (b) Negative control group was induced with lead acetate 200 mg kg<sup>1</sup> body weight/day without any treatment (c) Positive control group and (d) Treated group. On the 15th day, blood was taken to check IL-6 levels and tissue was taken for liver caspase 3 examination by immunohistochemical method. Data analysis used the one-way ANOVA test and continued with the <i>post hoc</i> LSD test. <b>Results:</b> The highest mean caspase 3 expression was in the control group 45.84±4.39 pg mL<sup>1</sup>, while the mean of IL-6 plasma level was highest in the P1 641.33±39.72 pg mL<sup>1</sup> group. The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in IL-6 levels between the study groups (p = 0.000). The Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in caspase 3 levels between the study groups (p = 0.000). <b>Conclusion:</b> Giving celery extract 300 mg kg<sup>1</sup> body weight/day affects plasma IL-6 and hepatic caspase 3 levels in lead acetate-induced rats.

Utilizing celery extract for green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles: Evaluation and anti-GST enzyme activity in Aedes aegypti pupae

Utilizing celery extract for green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles: Evaluation and anti-GST enzyme activity in Aedes aegypti pupae

Extraction, Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Two Phenolic Acids from Aerial Parts of Celery and Coriander

Celery and coriander are vastly applied in modern medicine and traditionally because various medicinal and nutritional benefits depend on their medicinal characteristics. The study aimed to detect, isolate and compare extracts contents of phenolic acids (caffeic and p-coumaric acids) in ethyl acetate fraction of fresh and dry aerial parts of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) of the Apiaceae family. The extraction of these constituents was carried out by maceration method using 70% ethanol and fractionation was done by using petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate. The existence of caffeic and p-coumaric acids in aerial part extracts of two plants was identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After qualitative determination of these active constituents, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis was also applied for quantification of caffeic and p-coumaric acid and the results showed that ethyl acetate extract of dry coriander showed higher contents of caffeic and p-coumaric acid than ethyl acetate extracts of fresh coriander and celery (dry and fresh). Depending on the results of TLC and HPLC, two bioactive compounds (caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid) were isolated and identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and full scan product ion mode liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. This result opens the minds to the dry plant era and leads to counter fiction of what was known that fresh plant gives better results than the dry one.

Celery leaf extract cream is a potential wound healing agent

Natural ingredients have been widely used for wound care and healing because of their flavonoid, saponin, and tannin contents, which can facilitate the healing process. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of celery leaf extract cream in the treatment of cutaneous wounds on the surfaces of white Wistar rats. This study involved laboratory-based experimental research utilizing a pretest-posttest with a control group design. Twenty white rats were sampled for this study and divided into four groups, each consisting of five rats, including one control group and three treatment groups. The extract was obtained via maceration, whereas the celery leaf extract cream contained an oil-in-water emulsion. A one-way Anova test was used to test differences between groups (p < 0.05), and a Post Hoc test with LSD technique was conducted to determine the most effective treatment group. Celery leaf extract cream has been found to be more efficient in accelerating skin regeneration and stimulating fibroblast proliferation than base cream. This is evidenced by the superior performance of the celery leaf extract cream treatment group in closing the incision wound, as well as the group's higher production of fibroblasts that are essential for wound healing, compared to the base cream group. This is evidenced by the superior performance of the celery leaf extract cream treatment group in closing the incision wound, as well as the group's higher production of fibroblasts that are essential for wound healing, compared to the base cream group. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the flavonoids found in celery leaves can potentially prevent the formation of free radicals and expedite wound healing.

Pengaruh Perbedaan Pelarut Dalam Ekstraksi Herba Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) Terhadap Aktivitas Peredaman Radikal Bebas DPPH

Background: The decreased physiological function is influenced by age and degenerative diseases. Degenerative diseases can be caused by free radicals. Neutralization of free radicals can be done by giving antioxidants. However, synthetic antioxidants cause many side effects so that natural antioxidants are needed from natural ingredients. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a natural antioxidant that can be used as antioxidant because celery contains flavonoid compounds. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of different solvents of ethanol 96%, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane in the extraction of celery herbs on the free radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Method: Celery herbs were extracted using the maceration method to obtain ethanol 96%, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts. The extract was then tested for its free radical scavenging activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The principle of the DPPH method is that a hydrogen atom binds to a free radical, causing the free radical to become a non-radical. Result: The results showed that 96% ethanol extract of celery had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 4.084 g/mL, followed by ethyl acetate 15.250 g/mL, and n-hexane 28.206 g/mL. Conclusion: which the three solvents could be categorized as very active.

Antimicrobial Activity of Dill Seeds and Celery Seeds on Beef Burger

Medicinal plants possess compounds that can replace the conventional chemical preservatives utilized to preserve meat, which have adverse health effects on consumers. Many biochemical properties of dill and celery seeds as antimicrobial agents have been stated; thus, the present research aimed to determine the effect of employing dill and celery seed extracts as antimicrobial agents in beef burgers. In this study, dill and celery seed were extracted with methanol, ethanol, and acetone. Results showed that maximum yield was obtained from dill and celery seed extracts using methanol (58.4% and 55%). Total phenolic compound (TPC), total flavonoid (TF), total tannin contents (TTC), antioxidant activity, and the fraction of phenolic substances were identified in different extracts. Results showed that dill seed extract has the highest scores of TPC (8.22 mg/GAE/g), TFC (4.99 mgQE/g), and TTC (0.91%). The scavenging effects of dill and celery seed extracts on DPPH radicals were recorded (91.84%) in dill seed extract and (84.12%) in celery seed extracts. Additionally, antibacterial results showed that dill and celery seed extracts inhibited all tested microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Listeria monocytogenes). At concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%, dill, and celery seed extracts were individually added to beef burgers as antimicrobials. Furthermore, by reducing the growth of bacteria throughout the preservation period, the treated burger had a substantially longer shelf life than the control sample. However, (TVN) Total volatile nitrogen, (TBA) Thiobarbituric acid, and total plate count in each sample containing dill and celery seed extracts were smaller than the control at zero time and rose over time in every specimen. However, beef burger samples containing extracts of dill and celery revealed a slower rate of increase relative to the control. All the parameters of sensory evaluation of cooked beef burger samples prepared by adding 0.5, 1, and 1.5 % of dill and celery seed extracts were acceptable. Results showed a slightly decreasing taste and flavor value obtained by 1.5 dill and celery seed extracts. Finally, extracts of dill and celery seed could be used as functional ingredients in meat-based foods.

Celery Ethanol Extract Prevents Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Increasing Nitrite Oxide and Superoxide Dismutase

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the health problems. Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) contributes to pathological conditions of AKI. An imbalance between renal vasoconstriction and vasodilatation mediators was played a role in IRI and its chronic complications. Stress oxidative and inflammation were major pathomechanism of IRI. Administration of celery ethanol extract is one of the efforts to prevent kidney damage caused by IRI. This study aimed to investigate the time effect of celery ethanol extract administration on inhibition of kidney IRI. Methods: Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats with a weight range of 190-210 g were selected for the study. The rats were divided into five groups randomly: sham operation (SO, n=4) group, IRI group (ischemia-reperfusion injury, n=4), IRI+S7 (celery ethanol extract 1000 mg/kg BW 7 days orally+ischemia-reperfusion injury, n=4), IRI+S14 (celery ethanol extract 1000 mg/kg BW 14 days orally+ischemia-reperfusion injury, n=4), IRI+S28 (celery ethanol extract 1000 mg/kg BW 28 days orally+ischemia-reperfusion injury, n=4). Serum samples were collected for creatinine serum, NO, SOD, and TNF-α measurement. mRNA expression of ET-1 and ETAR was quantified using reverse transcriptase-PCR. Result: Serum creatinine, NO, and SOD level in rats with celery ethanol extract 1000 mg/kg BW for 7 and 14 days administration before IRI induction lower than IRI group (p<0.05) and increase in 28 days administration. Meanwhile, the TNF-α level, ET-1, and ETAR gen expression lower than the IRI group but not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion: Administration of celery ethanol extract 1000 mg/kg BW for 7 days and 14 days prevents renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via increasing NO and SOD. Administration more than 28 days is not recommended.

Comparison of Bactrocera Fruit Fly Captures Using Basil and Celery Leaf Extracts in Karang Bayan Plantation

The objective of this study was to assess the ratio of fruit fly captures using attractants derived from basil and celery extracts, as well as to examine the impact of attractant concentrations in basil and celery leaf extracts on fruit fly catches. Traps made from recycled mineral water bottles were baited with basil and celery extracts containing essential oils known for their attractiveness to fruit flies. The findings indicated that traps using basil extract captured a greater number of fruit flies compared to those with celery extract. Furthermore, varying concentrations of the attractants significantly influenced fruit fly captures. The highest yield of fruit fly captures was observed at a 20% concentration of basil extract. The 20% concentration of basil extract had a higher number of fruit fly captures compared to the 10% and 30% basil extract concentrations, as well as the 10%, 20%, and 30% celery extract concentrations. The study results demonstrated a significant difference in the number of fruit fly captures between basil and celery extracts, with the highest number of captures observed with a 20% concentration of basil extract.

Box-Behnken Design for Effective Adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) Using Microwave-Assisted Synthesized Cu(II)/Cd(II) Imprinted Polymer in Celery Extract

Box-Behnken Design for Effective Adsorption of Cu(II) and Cd(II) Using Microwave-Assisted Synthesized Cu(II)/Cd(II) Imprinted Polymer in Celery Extract

UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK SELEDRI (Apium graveolens L.) TERHADAP HISTOPATOLOGI HEPAR TIKUS (Sprague dawley)

This study aims to determine acute toxicity effect of celery to histophatology liver of Sprague dawley rat with oral method. Inflammation, degeneration, necrosis and hemorrhage is observed parameters. Maseration is method to extraction with ethanol 70%. Type of this research is Experimental method was conducted by complete random design. The sampel consisted of 24 rats consisting of 4 group namely P0 is control group, P1 treatment with dose 50 mg/kg BB, P2 treatment with dose 500 mg/Kg BB and P3 treatment with dose 5000 mg/kg BB. Treatment given for 14 days. Hepar sample collected by necropsy of all rats method in last day. The sample were processed for tissue processing by Hematoxyllin-eosin method and histopatology examination by using 10x magnificence under the microscope. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-wallis then Mann Whitney test. The results of the analysis showed p≤0,05 in inflammation, degeneration and necrosis parameters. The conclusion of this study is celery extract give influence to histophatology liver was treatment with 500 mg/kg BB in group P2 and dose 5000 mg/kg BB in group 2.

Uji Aktivitas Analgetik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Seledri (Apium Graveolens L. ) Terhadap Mencit Putih Jantan

Previous studies have found that celery leaves (Apium Gravieolens L.) have an analgesic effect. Substances that are efficacious as analgesics are flavonoids. This study aims to determine the analgesic effect of ethanol extract of celery leaves by increasing the dose of ethanol extract of celery leaves from previous researchers. A total of 9 test animals were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely the first group of test substances at a dose of 4mg/20gBW, the second group of test substances at a dose of 8mg/20gBW, and the third group of test substances at a dose of 16mg/20gBW. The test is carried out by giving a hot stimulus or Hot Plate at a temperature of 550C. The test animals were observed before and after the administration of the test material, 30th, 60th and 90th minutes. The response of the test animals was a decrease in the number of paw licking and jumping. The results of data analysis in the form of tables and graphs show that the ethanol extract of celery leaves can reduce the response of mice in licking their feet and jumping to hot stimuli. Statistical results show that by using the anava test. Where Fcount 0.85 ≤ Ftable 5.14 using α 0.01 which means that there is no significant difference between the 4 mg dose of celery leaf extract and 8 mg dose of celery leaf extract and 16 mg dose of celery leaf extract.

ETHANOL EXTRACT LIQUID SOAP FORMULATION LEAVES OF CELERY (Apium graveolens L.) AGAINST Escherichia coli BACTERIA

Dirty hands will be a source of disease. Soap is a pharmaceutical preparation used to maintain health. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a plant of the Apiaceae tribe with a distinctive menthol aroma. This study aimed to determine the inhibitory power of celery leaf extract formulation (Apium graveolens L.) as an antibacterial hand-washing soap. This research method is a type of experimental research. The stages of the research were collecting samples, identifying plants, making simplicia, characterizing simplicia, screening phytochemicals, making extracts and making hand soap formulations of celery leaf extract (Apium graveolens L) at concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and antibacterial testing of celery leaves, against Escherichia coli bacteria. The results showed the celery leaf extract soap formulation contained phytochemical compounds of flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The organoleptic test found that the best soap formulation was the F2 formulation with a concentration of 10% at an average level of preference value, namely 3.67 for colour, 3.27 for aroma, and 3.80 for texture. The homogeneity test performed showed that all formulations produced soap with good homogeneity. The height and stability test of the resulting celery extract soap foam ranged from 61-71 mm. The irritation test of the resulting celery extract soap also showed no irritation for all the formulations. The value of the antibacterial activity test found that the F1 formulation showed antibacterial activity with an inhibition zone diameter of 3 (weak), F2 with an inhibition zone of 9 (moderate) and F3 with the antibacterial activity of 12 (strong).

Optimasi Formulasi Tablet Lepas Lambat Ekstrak Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) Menggunakan Polimer Xanthan Gum dan Lubrikan Magnesium Stearat dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD)

Antihypertensive drugs undergo first-pass metabolism and therefore have low oral bioavailability. It causes an increase in the frequency of drug use and concentration fluctuations that affect patient comfort. The sustained release tablet formulation was chosen because it can deliver the active substance with good bioavailability. An active antihypertensive substance that can be used is celery extract because it contains flavonoids, so a sustained release tablet formulation was made using xanthan gum and magnesium stearate to produce a constant and controlled release rate. This study aims to knowing the results of celery extract sustained release tablet evaluation using different concentrations of xanthan gum and magnesium stearate, and also obtains the optimal formulation. The manufacture of tablets uses the direct compression method. Powder evaluations include flow property through a funnel, angle of repose, compressibility index, and moisture content. Tablet evaluations include organoleptic, weight uniformity, size uniformity, hardness, friability, disintegration time, and dissolution tests. The evaluation results data were analyzed using Simplex Lattice Design. The powder evaluation result of all formulations meets the requirements of flow property through a funnel, angle of repose, compressibility index, and moisture content. Physical evaluation of the tablets shows all formulations meet the requirement of weight uniformity, hardness, and friability tests. On the size uniformity test, all formulations do not meet the requirement. The disintegration time test results show that F1 does not meet the requirement. Meanwhile, the dissolution test results show that F4 is the best formula because it shows constant and controlled release rate. Based on analyzed using Simplex Lattice Design, the F4 is the most optimal formula with xanthan gum 52 mg and magnesium stearate 3 mg.