Extract Of Aegle Marmelos Research Articles

Study of antidiabetic activity of Aegle marmelos in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Diabetes has become a major metabolic disorder disease that is increasingly becoming a killer disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate (bael tree) Aegle marmelos whole plant extract has the potential efficiency to control hyperglycemia, that affects kidney and lipid profile, in streptozotocin induced rats. This study aimed to evaluate the Antidiabetic activity of, Aegle marmelos in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rats of either sex were used grouped into six groups of six rats each. The first group was used as control, the second group was induced diabetes by inducting streptozotocin 70 mg/kg i.p., The 3rd,4th, 5th and 6th group was induced diabetes and treated with Metformin 600 mg/kg, A. marmelos methanol whole plant extract in the increasing dosage of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight from the 7th to 28th day respectively. The blood samples were collected at day 0,7 and 28th day for estimation of fasting blood sugar, serum cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine. Results was presented as the mean standard deviation (SD). A one-way analysis variance was performed using SPSS-17 and Graphpad Prism 5 statistical software. Results: After administration of Aegle marmelos extract in increasing level, fasting glucose level was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. Also, there is significant reduction in serum cholesterol level, triglyceride level and creatinine level. The effect was more after 28 days of treatment. Conclusions: The study results indicate the active compounds in the Aegle marmelos whole plant methanol extract has antidiabetic and antilipidemic activity. It can also protect kidney to some extent.

Role of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Aegle marmelos (AM) Leaves and Tamarindus indica (TI) Seeds on High Fat High Sugar Diet Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rodent Models

Hyperlipidemia is an increase in plasma levels of lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides) and various lipoproteins. Though many drugs have been used for controlling hyperlipidemia, yet most of them have unpleasant side effects, which has stimulated the search for natural remedies. Hypolipidemic activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Aegle marmelos (AM) leaves and Tamarindus indica (TI) seed alone and in combination on High Fat High Sugar (Fructose) Diet (HFHSD) induced hyperlipidemia in male rats was evaluated in this study. Out of 54 male Sprague Dawley rats, six received standard diet (Group I, normal control) throughout the study. The remaining 48 rats were fed orally with HFHSD for 30 days to induce hyperlipidemia (plasma cholesterol level >200 mg/dL). For the next thirty days, rats which had received HFHSD were divided into 8 groups with six animals in each. Group II- HFHSD control received standard diet, Group III- positive control (Niacin, 100 mg/kg/day), Group IV - AM25 (25 mg/kg/day), Group V - AM50 (50 mg/kg/day), Group VI - TI25 (25 mg/kg/day), Group VII - TI50 (50mg/kg/day), Groups VIII - AM25+TI25 (25 + 25 mg/kg/day) and Group IX - AM50+TI50 (50 + 50 mg/kg/day). Treatment of HFHSD fed rats with each extract alone and in combination resulted in a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL and increase in HDL levels. Treatment with AM50+TI50 significantly lowered plasma cholesterol (p<0.001), triglycerides (p<0.001) and increased HDL cholesterol levels (p<0.05), in comparison to positive control. Both the extracts alone and in combination exerted hypolipidemic effect in rats.

A Facile Synthesis and Characterisation of CdS Nanoparticles at Low Temperature Using Aegle Marmelos Extract

Abstract CdS NPs have become found applications across diverse domains in the field of nanobiotechnology because of their established biomedical characteristics. The dimensions and the materials used for coating CdS NPs are pivotal factors influencing their effectiveness in biomedical applications like cancer treatment, bacterial inhibition, bioimaging and biosensors. In this study, we succesfully produced CdS NPs by ecofriendly approach using aegle marmelos extract. The synthesized CdS NPs was subjected to characterization using X-Ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with EDX and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The research delineates a straightforward, economically viable environmentally friendly approach to synthesizing CdS nanoparticles, which is suitable for extensive production. Additionally, it presents a tactic to regulate both the size and distribution of nanoparticles using eco-friendly biomolecules, enhancing their potential for various applications. Based on the results obtained from the characterization studies, it was proposed to the further process for biological applications.

Systematic Evaluation of Aegle marmelos-Derived Compounds: Potential Therapeutic Agents Against Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Aegle marmelos active compoundsthrough a multifaceted approach. The investigation encompasses molecular docking studies, computational pharmacokinetic predictions, and in vitro assessments, with a focus on understanding their physiochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and molecular interactions. Materials and methods This study was conducted in the Research Departmentof Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Tamilnadu, India. The study employed Soxhlet and methanol extraction techniques to obtain Aegle marmelos extracts, which were then subjected to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the H2O2 assay, while anti-inflammatory potential was determined via the egg albumin denaturation assay. Molecular docking studies were conducted with human heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and human zanthine oxidoreductase (XO) proteins to elucidate potential therapeutic interactions. Furthermore, computational tools like SwissADME, pkCSM, and ADMETlab 2.0 were utilized to predict physiochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, providing insights into the compoundabsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profiles. This integrated approach aimed to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic potential of Aegle marmelos-derived compounds against inflammation and oxidative stress-related disorders, paving the way for future drug development endeavors. Results In the antioxidant assay, Aegle marmelos methanolic tuber extracts showed exceptional absorption of 87.4%, surpassing the reference standard. In the anti-inflammatory assay, the extracts displayed an absorption of approximately 79%, indicating significant anti-inflammatory potential. Auraptene, imperatorin, luvangetin, and psoralen exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic properties and adherence to the Lipinski rule of 5, suggesting promising drug development potential. In molecular docking, imperatorin demonstrated the highest binding affinity to HHO-1 and XO. Conclusion The study on Aegle marmelos highlights its potential as a therapeutic agent due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Phytochemical constituents, such as auraptene, imperatorin, luvangetin, and psoralen, show promising pharmacokinetic profiles, suggesting their suitability for drug development. Molecular docking analysis reveals imperatorin as the most effective binder to key enzymes, emphasizing its therapeutic potential against inflammation and oxidative stress-related disorders.

Preparation, characterization of green synthesis FeO nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity towards Basic Fuschin dye

In the current study, a green and facile route for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO-NPs) was adopted. The FeO-NPs were fabricated via a single step green route using aqueous leaf extract of Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos) as capping/reducing and stabilizing agents.The active phytochemicals present in the A. marmelos extract was reduced and stabilized the metal ions to FeO-NPs. This product was analyzed by FTIR spectral studies. Magnetic FeO-NPs surface morphology and particles sizes were determined by HRTEM to reveals spherical shapes with average diameter 18.78 nm. The instrumentally confirmed FeO-NPs were determining the antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic strains of the bacteria Streptococcus Sp and the fungus Candida Sp. The results of the microbial investigation show that when the concentration of synthesized FeO-NPs increase with the increases the activity. The antioxidant properties of synthesized FeO-NPs were evaluated by the DPPH assay. The FeO-NPs displayed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity property against breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells, and the value of IC50 was found to be 304 μg/mL. The obtained FeO-NPs were used as photocatalyst in the degradation/reduction of environmentally polluted organic wastewater dyes. After 20 min of solar light irradiation shows 97 % of degradation efficiency was achieved with 1 mL of FeO-NPs. It is observed all the results, the green synthesized FeO-NPs could be effectively materials and used in several fields like industrial, agricultural, medical, food safety, and dye waste applications.

Phyto-pharmacological Potential of Aegle marmelos (L.) for Neurological Disorders: Progress and Prospects.

Aegle marmelos, an Indian plant, has been extensively utilized by the people of the Indian subcontinent over about 5000 years. The leaves, bark, roots, and fruits, including seeds, are widely used to cure a variety of diseases in the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda, along with numerous folk medicines. By revealing the existence of significant bioactive chemicals, modern research has effectively substantiated the therapeutic effects of bael. The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding A. marmelos geographical distribution, morphology, therapeutic benefits, and phytochemicals found in the bael leaves, fruits, and other parts of the plant that offer a wide range of pharmacological applications in neurological disorders. A thorough literature search was conducted using five computerized databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, and Wiley Online Library (WOL), by using standard keywords "A. marmelos," "Geographical distribution," "Morphological description," "Ethnobotanical Uses," "Phytoconstituents" and "Neuroprotective activities" for review papers published between 1975 and 2023. A small number of earlier review articles focused on phyto-pharmacological potential of Aegle marmelos (L.) for neurological disorders. According to some research, Aegle marmelos extracts potentially have neuroprotective benefits. This is due to its capacity to alter cellular mechanisms that cause neuronal damage. Neurodegenerative illnesses usually induce permanent neuronal network loss overall the brain along with the spinal cord (CNS), resulting in chronic functional impairments. The review summarizes the multiple aspects and processes of A. marmelos extract and its components in several models of neurodegenerative diseases such as anxiety, epilepsy, depression, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and others. MDA, nitrite, TNF-, and IL-6 levels were dramatically elevated, whereas glutathione levels were significantly lowered in the hippocampus of STZ-treated rats. Furthermore, STZ-treated rats showed a substantial drop in catalase activity and an increase in AChE activity, indicating cholinergic hypofunction and neuronal injury. The neuroprotective ability of A. marmelos against STZ-induced oxidative stress and cognitive loss in rats suggests that it has therapeutic relevance in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Formulation and development of herbal facewash using Beal leaves: Aegle marmelos

In this study, herbal anti-acne face wash gels were prepared using polymers Carbopol and extract of aegle marmelos (beal patra), which show the antibacterial property and are widely used in modern herbal medicine. Results showed that the gels were non-irritating, stable, and possess anti-acne activity. Acne is a common skin problem that 85% of teenagers face today. Herbal drugs have been used for many years, not only in Asian countries but also worldwide for social well-being. Herbal formulations have rising demand in the global market. This study demonstrated the stability of herbal Gel, which is now regarded as an efficient herbal acne treatment formulation. A number of characteristics, including color, appearance, consistency, pH, and foamability, were assessed for the prepared formulation. Because natural remedies are safer and have fewer side effects than synthetic ones, they are more widely accepted.The demand for herbal formulations is rising on the international scene. The creation and assessment of a herbal anti-acne cleanser with aqueous bael leaf (Aegle marmelos) extracts are the subjects of this study. Despite the fact that there are many topical herbal remedies for acne on the market, the plant has good antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties according to published research.

Evaluation of antidepressant properties of hydroalcoholic extract of Aegle marmelos fruit (Bael fruit) in Swiss albino mice: A pre-clinical study

Abstract Introduction: Depression is a prevalent psychiatric disorder affecting 3.8% of the global population. The clinically available antidepressants can cause serious adverse effects. Aegle marmelos fruit has shown a wide range of pharmacological effects. The present study was carried out to elucidate the possible antidepressant activity of Aegle marmelos (Bael) fruit in Swiss albino mice. Objective : To evaluate the possible antidepressant activity of Aegle marmelos fruit extract in Swiss albino mice. Methods : A total of 30 (n=30) male Swiss albino mice weighing 25-35 g, divided into five groups of six animals each were used for the study. Aegle marmelos fruit powder was subjected to solvent extraction in a soxhlet apparatus. The antidepressant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of Aegle marmelos fruit was evaluated by using two models –Forced Swimming Test (FST) and Tail Suspension Test (TST). Results : One-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons followed by a post hoc (Bonferroni test) for comparison between groups. Aegle marmelos fruit at the dose of 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the immobility time in both the tests (TST and FST) compared to the control. The reduction in duration of immobility at the dose of 200 mg/kg was comparable to the standard drug Imipramine. Conclusion : The Hydroalcoholic extract of Aegle marmelos has significant antidepressant activity in both the animal models of depression (FST and TST).

Effect of Coadministration of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Aegle marmelos Leaves and Tamarindus indica Seeds on Streptozocin-Nicotinamide Induced Type- 2 Diabetic Rat Model

It is difficult for doctors to control hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients without having an effect that is too detrimental to the patient, despite the advancements that have been made in diabetes medications. Because of their adaptability and capacity to lower blood sugar with very few unintended side effects, herbal preparations are quickly gaining in popularity worldwide. In this study, hydroalcoholic extracts of Tamarindus indica seeds and Aegle marmelos leaves were tested to determine what kind of effect they had on a model of diabetes carried out on rats. For the purpose of this investigation, 54 male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used as participants. Group I comprised of six people who did not have diabetes and were considered to be in good health. Intraperitoneal injections of streptozocin (55 mg/kg) and nicotinamide (NAD) (120 mg/kg) were used to induce diabetes in the remaining animals (n = 48). Following that, we divided them up into a total of eight distinct categories. Animals in groups IV and V were given AM at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day, animals in groups VI and VII were given TI at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg/day, animals in groups VIII and IX were given a combination of the two extracts (AM25+TI25 & AM50+TI50), while diabetic animals were used as controls in group II. A positive control consisting of metformin given at a dose of 200 mg/kg per day was utilized in group III. When compared to the diabetic control group, the fasting blood glucose levels and the area under the curve (AUC) of the oral glucose tolerance test were lower in all treatment groups. When compared to the metformin groups, the performance of the extract combination groups was considerably superior (p 0.01). Additionally, as compared to the diabetic control group, all of the treatment groups had significantly reduced levels of MDA and hepatic G-6-Pase activity (p 0.001). In terms of effectiveness, the combination group performed much better than the metformin group despite the fact that all pharmacological groups showed significant increases in body weight, relative liver weight, HDL level, and liver glycogen content in comparison to the diabetic controls. (p <05). When compared to the diabetic control group, all therapy groups showed an increase in G-6PD activity (p 0.001), catalase levels (p 0.001), and glutathione (GSH) levels (p 0.05). In STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats, a combination of extracts (AM50+T150) demonstrated the best improvement after 30 days of therapy when compared to metformin and hydroalcoholic extracts (AM and TI) alone. This was the case even when both treatments were administered separately. There was no difference in the circumstances no matter which extracts were utilized.

Development and characterization of phytosomes containing aegle marmelos (bael)

Aegle marmelos, commonly known as Bael, is a medicinal plant with a wide range of pharmacological properties. However, its therapeutic potential is often limited by its poor bioavailability due to low water solubility and inefficient absorption. Phytosomes, a novel drug delivery system, have emerged as a promising approach to improving the bioavailability and efficacy of herbal extracts. In this study, we aimed to develop and characterize phytosomes containing Aegle marmelos extract for enhanced therapeutic benefits. The phytosomes were prepared using a solvent evaporation technique, where phospholipids were complexed with the Aegle marmelos extract. The formulation was evaluated using various ratios of phospholipids and extract to achieve maximum entrapment efficiency and drug-loading capacity. The resulting phytosomes were then characterized for their physicochemical properties, including particle size, zeta potential, and morphology using techniques such as dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the in vitro release profile of the Aegle marmelos phytosomes was evaluated using a dissolution apparatus to determine their sustained release behavior. The improved dissolution profile indicated prolonged drug release, suggesting enhanced bioavailability and potential for reduced dosing frequency. In conclusion, our study successfully developed and characterized phytosomes containing Aegle marmelos extract, showing improved bioavailability and enhanced cellular uptake. These findings indicate the potential of phytosomes as a promising drug delivery system to optimize the therapeutic benefits of Aegle marmelos and potentially other herbal extracts. Keywords: Phytosomes, extract, evaluation.

Sustainable approach of La doped CuFe2O4 nanomaterial for electrochemical lead and paracetamol sensing action with multiple applications

This present research aimed to investigate the novel applications of synthesized La doped CuFe2O4 nanomaterial (LCF NMs) using renewable bio-fuel (Aegle Marmelos extract) by combustion process. The sensor applications were accomplished by modified electrode using LCF NMs with graphite powder and examined its excellent sensing action towards heavy metal (Lead content) and drug chemical (Paracetamol) substances. The thermodynamics of redox potential and super-capacitor behavior of LCF NMs were investigated through Cyclic Voltametric (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectral (EIS) methods under specific conditions at scan rate of 1 to 5 mV/s. The heterogeneous photo-catalytic process of prepared NMs on Fast orange Red (FOR) dye-decolouration was investigated and noted its excellent degradation (91.7%) at 90 min using 20 ppm of dye solution and 40 mg of synthesized samples under Sun-light irradiation. Further, the antibacterial activity of synthesized NMs is investigated against various strains of gram positive (Bacillus subtillis) and gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), which confirms that the LCF NMs have higher activity towards gram positive bacteria with an average inhibition zone of 19 mm. This synthesized LCF NMs is a multi-functional material with stable and eco-friendly materials.

Comparative Antimicrobial and Antioxidant potential of leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos from different regions of Himachal Pradesh

Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) also called as Bael is an important medicinal plant of Himalayan region. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of different solvent extracts (n-hexane and ethanol) A. marmelos leaves from different locations of Himachal Pradesh. All the extracts were tested for the antioxidant potential by DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assay and antimicrobial activity against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacterial and fungal strains-Candida albicans (ATCC90028) and C. albicans (MTCC277) using broth dilution method. Significant variation in antioxidant potential was observed in the ethanolic extract of A. marmelos leaves from eight different locations of Himachal Pradesh. Ethanolic extract of Mandi (M3) region showed comparatively more antioxidant potential as revealed from lower IC50 value in DPPH (14.77µg/ml) in comparison to leaves extract of other districts; whereas n hexane extract of Bilaspur (B2) showed higher FRAP activity as shown by lower IC50 value (6.62µM) as compared to leaves extracts of other districts. Antioxidant potential of ethanol extract was slightly higher than that of n-hexane for all the populations of A. marmelos. Ethanolic extracts of Sirmour district (SM1) showed lowest Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) (7.81µg/ml) against S. aureus, ethanolic extract of Mandi (M3) showed lowest MIC (7.81µg/ml) against E. coli, whereas n-hexane extracts of Chamba (CH1) and Una (U2) showed lowest MIC value (7.81µg/ml) against K. pneumonia. The n-hexane extract of Solan (SO3), ethanolic extract of Kangra (K2), ethanolic extract of Chamba (CH3) showed least MIC (31.25µg/ml) against C. albicans (ATCC90028), whereas ethanolic extracts of district Mandi (M3) showed lowest MIC (31.25 µg/ml) against C. albicans (MTCC277). From the current study it may be concluded that leaf samples of A. marmelos from Mandi district has comparatively more antioxidant potential among all other samples, whereas comparative variation in antibacterial and antifungal activity of A. marmelos leaves from different geographical regions was observed.

Oral administration of Zingiber officinale and Aegle marmelos extracts enhances growth and immune functions of the shrimp Penaeus monodon against the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

Oral administration of Zingiber officinale and Aegle marmelos extracts enhances growth and immune functions of the shrimp Penaeus monodon against the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Face Wash Gel

Abstract: Acne is the common skin problem that 85% of the teenagers face today. Natural remedies are more acceptable in the faith that they are safer with less side effects than the synthetic ones. Natural remedies are more acceptable with the belief that they are safe and having less side effects. Herbal drugs have been used since many years not only in Asian countries but also worldwide for social well being. Herbal formulations have rising demand in the world market. In this study, herbal anti-acne face wash gels were prepared using polymers Carbopol and extract of aegle marmelos (bel patra). bel patra show the antibacterial property and are widely used in modern herbal medicine. Results showed that the gels were non-irritant, stable and posses anti-acne activity. From this study, herbal Gel was proved to be stable and considered as an effective herbal formulation for acne treatment. Prepared formulation was evaluated for various parameters like colour, appearance, consistency, pH, viscosity.

Formulation and Development of Nanoparticulate System containing Rutin from Leaves Extract of Aegle marmelos for effective Management of Diabetes

Current work aimed at the modified release of content from carrier system at predetermined rate and secondly, to decrease the use of synthetic drug on biological system. Successive solvent extraction of crude drug of Aegle marmelos plant was done. Active constituent of leaves that is rutin was isolated and identified through HPTLC and FTIR. SLN was selected as carrier system and fabricated by solvent diffusion method. Characterization and performance evaluation of particulate system loaded with herbal plant extract of the Aegle marmelos leaves was done. TEM, In-vitro drug release profile, entrapment efficiency and particle size was determined. Solid lipid nanoparticles have enormous effect in loading high amount or loading dose concentration in body and also maintain the same over prolonged interlude of time. SLN was formulated and characterized for the particle size, shape and its distribution, percentage drug entrapment and In-vitro drug release profile along with the stability studies. In-vivo bio distribution studies on animals suggested the accumulation of formulations in the different organs. Solid lipid nanoparticles also show good stability as compared to other novel carrier systems. Prolonged release of natural drug from carrier system, decrease the dosing frequency and also decrease the dose size. Better results than marketed synthetic anti-diabetic drugs.

Screening for In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Leaves Extracts of Certain Selected Plants against Rhodococcus equi

In the present study, the research work was carried out during June 2018 to March 2019 at ICAR-NRCE-EPC (Indian Council of Agricultural Research, National Research Centre on Equines, Equine Production Campus), Jorbeer, Bikaner (Rajasthan), India. The study was conducted to investigate in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic, chloroformic and Sequentially Extracted Water Extract (SEWE) leaves extracts of Aegle marmelos, Morus alba, Nerium indicum, Cascabela thevetia (L.) Lippold, Plumeria alba L. and Azadirachta indica against Vap A and Vap C positive Rhodococcus equi. Fresh leaves of these plants were collected manually from campus of ICAR-NRCE-EPC, Jorbeer, Bikaner (Rajasthan). In initial screening ethanolic leaves extract of these plants except Azadirachta indica, were found non-active against Rhodococcus equi. Chloroformic leaves extracts of Azadirachta indica did not showed in vitro antibacterial activity against Rhodococcus equi. While ethanolic and Sequentially Extracted Water Extract (SEWE) leaves extracts of Azadirachta indica showed good in vitro antibacterial activity against Rhodococcus equi. Further, solvent based fractionation, Ethanol Soluble Fraction (ESF), Methanol Soluble Fraction (MSF) and Water Soluble Fraction (WSF) of polar compounds of SEWE did not showed in vitro antibacterial activity against Rhodococcus equi. On comparison with currently used antibiotics (azithromycin and rifampicin), required concentration of the leaves extract of Azadirachta indica was too high for their possibilities of in vivo use, so abundant availability of Azadirachta indica leaves and their activity against Rhodococcus equi suggests their potential for use as disinfectant against Rhodococcus equi.

Abortifacient activity of <em>Aegle marmelos</em> and <em>Laurus nobilis</em> leaf extracts

Rapid elevation of population in India is the one of the major problems, which directly influence the economy of country and may lead to poverty. Government implemented number of family planning programs through the various surgical operations (tubectomy and laproscopy) and oral contraceptives. Usage of oral contraceptive pills may lead serious complications, and may induce congenital abnormalities. The primary goal of this research is to assess the abortifacient activity in rat models of two historically used medicinal plants, Laurus nobilis L. and Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Restructure the paragraph as the study included 18 female wistar rats (150-200 g) and six male wistar rats (male wistar rats were used only for copulation). Female rats in proestrous phase were isolated and allowed to mate with males of proven fertility using the mass mating technique in a 3:1 ratio for an overnight. Control animals received an equivalent volume of the dosing vehicle (1% tween 80) orally. Aqueous extract of Laurus nobilis (AQLN) leaves and Ethanolic Extract of Aegle Marmelos leaves (EEAM) at doses of 175 mg/kg and 250 mg/ kg of were orally administrated daily for 10 days from day 0 of pregnancy to day 9. On day 20th of pregnancy, all the animals were sacrificed under euthanasia and the uterine horns were isolated, later they were examined for number of abortifacient sites and deformities of fetuses. The number of live fetuses in animals treated with EEAM at two doses was substantially lower in Group-4 at 175mg/kg (2.63 + 0.36) and Group-5 at 250mg/kg (1.87 + 0.40) compared to the vehicle control group (p 0.05, p 0.01). The survival ratio decreased considerably from 52.2% to 28.8% as the dose increased. Similarly, the abortion rate was higher in group 5 compared to Group-4. AQLN demonstrated to have 100% abortifacient efficacy at 250mg/kg, while EEAM has 83.3%.

Study of Green Corrosion Inhibitor of <i>Aegle marmelos</i> Leaves Extract in Acidic Medium

Corrosion is an inevitable process of deterioration of metal but it can be slowed down using inhibitors, enhancing the durability of the metal. In the present study, the aqueous extract of Aegle Marmelos Leaves from surrounding area were tested as green corrosion inhibitor for aluminium metal in 1M H2SO4 acidic medium. The leaves extract characterization was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), the surfaces of Aluminium Sheets were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic forced microscopy (AFM). Different techniques like weight-loss analysis, UV-VIS studies, pH are done to study for inhibition efficiency. At different temperatures the inhibition efficiency is tested and results showed a good restrain approximately to 81% at 90% (v/v) of inhibitor solution in H2SO4 acidic medium.

Larvicidal Activity of Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extract of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Against Aedes aegypti

Aegle marmelos leaf contains secondary metabolites that have bioinsecticidal effects. This study aimed to analyze phytoconstituents of the ethyl acetate extract of Aegle marmelos leaves, its larvicidal activity, and its effects on histopathological changes of the midgut of Aedes aegypti larvae. The ethyl acetate extract was obtained from the concentrated maceration of the leaf powder and analyzed with GCMS. The instar III or IV larvae were used and divided into six groups where each group was exposed to an extract with a concentration of 1%; 4%; 8% and 16%, and one other control group without exposure to such extract. The histopathology of larval midgut was prepared, stained with Hematoxyllin-Eosin, and observed using light microscopy. GC-MS analysis revealed that the extracts contain 8 compounds, Oleic acid, 9-Hexadecenoic acid, Cis-1,3-Eicosenoic acid, Dasycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester), Digitoxin, Z-(13,14-epoxy)tetradeg-11-en-ol acetate; 2,3-dimethyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1-phen-1,4-diol, ethyl iso-allocholate. Probit test revealed that the LC50 value of ethyl acetate extract of Aegle marmelos leaves was 3.917% and histopathological results are damage to brush borders, nucleus and nucleolus, epithelial cells, and hypertrophy of the gastric caeca. The leaf ethyl acetate extract from Aegle marmerlos can be considered as a probable natural insecticide to kill Aedes aegypti. Aegle marmelos can be applied as natural insecticide to eradicate the population of Ae. aegypti.

Screening and Evaluation of Potential Antifungal Plant Extracts against Skin Infecting Fungus Trichophyton rubrum

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,2,328-337.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.2.035Published:February 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Margret Kanimozhi A, and Caroline Rose J Author(s) affiliations:Margret Kanimozhi A1, Caroline Rose J2, * 1Department of Biotechnology, St. Jospeh’s College of Arts and Science for Women, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. 2Department of Biotechnology, Arignar Anna Arts and Science College, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, INDIA. Abstract:Dermatophytosis is mainly caused by Trichophyton rubrum. The use of presently available conventional antifungal agents is limited due to various side-effects, requirement of long-term application, emergence of resistant organisms and cost-effectiveness. In the present study, methanolic extract of 12 medicinal plants was screened for antifungal activity against T. rubrum. To identify the phytochemicals in the extract qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed along with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). By analysing the samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the chemicals that were present were identified. Among the various plants studied, the methanolic extracts of Aegle marmelos leaves (AML-ME) and Pimpinella anisum seed (PMS-ME) showed high zone of inhibition of 16 and 22 mm, respectively. MIC of both the extracts was found to be 100 μg/ml. Some major compounds identified in AML-ME with alkaloids are N, N,-dimethyl-o-(1-methyl-butyl)-hydroxylamine, 13-tetradece-11-yn-1-ol (15.21%), n-hexadecanoic acid, Propanal, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (s)-(5.22%) and 1,3-butanediol, and in PAS-ME, hexamethylene chloroiodide, cyclopentene,3-hexyl, E-2-octadecadecen-1-ol, n-hexadecanoic acid and 2-cyclopentene-1-undecanoic acid, ethyl ester. Both AML-ME and PAS-ME showed dose-dependent in vitro antioxidant activity against the radicals such as DPPH and ABTS. Also, FRAP activity was found in both the extracts. Altogether, the presence of antifungal and antioxidant activity in the AML-ME and PAS-ME might be advantageous in exploring these extracts as either alternative or complementary therapy to the available antifungal agents further. The phytochemicals present in these extracts has acted synergistically against the T. rubrum and affected its viability. Keywords:Aegle marmelos, Antifungal activity, Bioactive compounds, Dermatophytosis., Pimpinella anisumView:PDF (419.79 KB)