Mixture Of Extracts Research Articles

Modified sorbents based on natural mineral and its mechanical properties

The use of modified sorbents based on natural minerals, widely distributed in Kazakhstan, is a promising direction. This direction is related to the development of domestic ion-exchange materials. The republic lacks its own production of synthetic sorbents. The environmental situation in the regions of uranium ore mining and processing is also important. Moreover, the application of synthetic sorbents is not always justified due to their high cost, while the use of natural sorbents is limited by their low sorption capacity. The development of modified ion-exchange materials based on a combination of these is a pressing issue for various industries. Research has been conducted on the choice of modification methods for natural sorbents and the evaluation of their sorption capacity after modification. The modification of natural minerals zeolite and shungite using the "solid-phase extractants" method was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the modification was performed with organic extractants and compositions based on them, and at the second stage with phosphoric acid in combination with polyacrylamide. The natural sorbents used were zeolite from the Kusmuryn deposit and shungite from the Koksu deposit, following preliminary flotation. The mechanical strength of sorbents modified by different methods was compared with the original ion-exchange materials. Studies of the sorption process have shown that the best results for uranium sorption were obtained with modified sorbents: zeolite modified with a mixture of extractants Di-2-Ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (Di-2-EHPA), Tributyl phosphate (TBP), kerosene, and shungite modified with phosphoric acid in the presence of Polyacrylamide (PAA).

Effects of probiotic and yeast extract supplement on liver functionality index and metabolic parameters in transition period of dairy cattle

This research sought to evaluate the potential effects of probiotics and yeast cell wall (YCW) supplements on the liver functionality index (LFI) and metabolic parameters of dairy cattle throughout the transitional period. A cohort of forty dry cows was randomly divided into four groups, namely the probiotic group (Pr) receiving a basal diet combined with a blend of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus lechiniformis, Streptococcus Thermophilis, and Enterococcus faecium; the YCW group receiving a basal diet enriched with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the probiotic and yeast cell wall extract group (P & Y) receiving a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of probiotic and yeast cell wall extract; and the control group adhering to the basal diet. The intervention was initiated 21 days before calving and persisted until 28 days post-calving, except for the control group. The study entailed the collection of blood samples at four sampling times, encompassing 21 days preceding calving, seven days before calving, seven days post-calving, and four weeks post-calving. Multiple biochemical parameters were assessed, including urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TB), albumin, total protein (TP), globulin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and liver functionality index. The results showed that the Pr group exhibited reduced average levels of GGT and glucose compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the P & Y group demonstrated lower average BUN, TB, and cholesterol levels than the control (P < 0.05). Notably, the LFI exhibited a discernible trend towards elevation in the Pr group compared to the control group (P = 0.007) and the P & Y group (P = 0.007). In essence, supplementation of YCW and probiotics is associated with advantageous effects on metabolic parameters and liver function.

Production of a herbal drink by spray drying of mixed purple basil extract-lemon juice; formulation, process optimization, and characterization

This article focuses on the production of an herbal drink containing the mixture of basil extract and lemon juice (65:35 (% v/v)), at inlet air temperature (IAT) (110–190 °C) as well as the concentrations of maltodextrin (MD, 0–7.5%) and gum Arabic (GA, 0–7.5%). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the variation of spray-dried powder attributes including moisture content (MC), water activity, water solubility, product yield, particle size, total monomeric anthocyanins (TMA), and aroma components. The optimum conditions for maximizing encapsulation efficiency and powder yield were IAT of 146 °C, 9.68% MD, and 5.32% GA. Both IAT and MD/GA ratio had a significant effect on final powder properties except for water activity. The GC-MS data revealed that the predominant aroma components in the final powder, lemon juice, and the reconstituted product were limonene and γ-terpinene; limonene; γ-terpinene, linalool, and 1.8 cineole, respectively. The results demonstrated that spray drying (SD) using GA/MD blends improved the consolidation of bioactive compounds in powdered form.

BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS POTENTIATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF A PETALONIA FASCIA EXTRACT ON METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS

The bioactive algal components that contribute to their antimicrobial properties have garnered significant attention, particularly in light of the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance. The current study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of a Petalonia fascia methanolic extract and to explore the potentiation action of extract–antibiotic combinations with the available antibiotics, as well as the effects of their mixture on multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, namely, five methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. The algal crude extract displayed antibacterial activity against all assayed isolates, with an inhibition zone ranging from 16 to 21 mm and the best spectrum of bactericidal effect with a ratio of MBC/MIC &lt; 4 obtained on the five tested bacterial strains. Amoxicillin–extract mixtures decreased the bacterial growth rate dramatically on all five S. aureus isolates in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate the ability of the extract to modulate antibiotic activity. However, the possibility of its use to solve the issue of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and their application as therapeutic agents against infectious diseases warrants further investigation.

Effects of Arnica Phytotherapeutic and Homeopathic Formulations on Traumatic Injuries and Inflammatory Conditions: A Systematic Review.

Arnica L. genus (Asteraceae) comprises perennial herbs native to the temperate and boreal parts of the northern hemisphere. Arnica montana is the main species. It shows different biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antitumor effects. The Arnica formulations are mainly used for pain management. This systematic review is aimed at summarizing the studies focusing on the use of Arnica products on pain and inflammatory signs due to traumatic injuries related to sport and surgical interventions as well as to arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. Both phytotherapeutic and homeopathic formulations are taken into account. This paper only includes manuscripts published in mainstream journals. A literature search from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases has been carried out using a combination of the keywords "Arnica", "trauma", "sport", "injury", "injuries", and "pain". According to the search strategy and inclusion criteria for this study, 42 eligible papers, focusing on both Arnica alone and formulations containing a mixture of plant extracts, have been finally selected. This review critically discusses the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies dealing with Arnica products, reporting both positive and negative outcomes, thus providing perspectives for future research on the plant pharmacological potential.

Factors increasing the hydroxycinnamic acids extraction from dandelion roots

Aim – to study the influence of extraction factors on the extraction of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) from dandelion roots. Material and methods. The object of the study was air-dried dandelion roots. The HCAs content was determined using Arnov's reagent by spectrophotometric method according to the pharmacopoeial method. The influence of the nature, volume fraction of organic solvents, composition of extraction mixtures, temperature, duration, extraction frequency, medicinal plant raw material and extractant ratio, and medicinal plant raw material particle size on the HCAs yield from dandelion roots during extraction was established. Methanol, ethanol, propanol-1, propanol-2, acetone, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene glycol-1,2, ethylene glycol, glycerol and their aqueous solutions in volume fractions of 20, 40, 60 and 80 % were used as extractants. A dispersion analysis of the influence of these factors on the yield of HCAs during extraction was performed. Results. Extraction conditions providing the maximum yield of HCAs in comparison with pharmacopoeial and literary methods were experimentally developed. The conditions include: extractant – 60 % propanol-1 or a mixture of 50 % propanol-1 and 10 % acetone; extraction temperature – 80 ˚C; extraction duration – 6 hours; medicinal plant raw material and extractant ratio – 1 to 25; extraction frequency – single and medicinal plant raw material particle size – 500 μm or less. It has been proven that the physicochemical characteristics of the extractants, their volume fractions in solutions and extraction parameters have a statistically significant effect on the yield of HCAs. Conclusions. A statistically significant effect of the studied extraction factors on the yield of HCAs from dandelion roots has been proven. The developed extraction method statistically significantly increases the yield of HCAs by an average of 30% to 2.5 times in comparison with pharmacopoeial and literary extraction methods.

Multielemental determination in lubricating oil samples by microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry after extraction induced by emulsion breaking

Extraction induced by emulsion breaking (EIEB) was studied as a strategy for the determination of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Pb in used lubricating oil via microwave-induced plasma optical emission spectrometry (MIP OES). No spectral or nonspectral interferences were observed in the developed method. These were evaluated as a function of the emission intensity of natural molecular species in the N2 plasma and different atomic and ionic emission lines. The time required for extraction was evaluated, and the best sensitivity for all the elements was obtained at 40 min of contact between the sample and the extraction solution in the presence of the surfactant. Doehlert matrix response surface methodology was employed to study the effects and interactions between the nitric acid (extractor) and surfactant (emulsifier) concentrations during sample preparation. The recommended conditions for 3.0 g of sample were as follows: 5.0 mL of extraction mixture consisting of 2.8 mol/L nitric acid and 3.0 % (v v−1) of the surfactant Triton X-114. The limits of quantification obtained were 2.9 (Al), 43 (Cr), 4.0 (Cu), 17 (Fe), 4.0 (Mg), 3.7 (Mn), 7.0 (Mo), 9.2 (Ni) and 45 (Pb) µg kg−1. The method developed was applied in the analyses of lubricating oil samples. The following concentration ranges (mg kg−1) were found: 2.5–106 (Al), 2.8–24.8 (Cr), 3.5–21.4 (Cu), 16.9–199 (Fe), 33.4–64.0 (Mg), 0.57–9.7 (Mn), 4.7–43 (Mo), 1.6–11.1 (Ni) and 2.0–12.6 (Pb).

Histological Determination of Cinnamon and Olive Oil Extract on Traumatic Oral Ulcer in Laboratory Rabbit

Background: The mucosa of oral cavity is the mucous membrane which covers the tissues of the mouth cavity. In order to repair damage from a local aggressor, many cell strains and their byproducts work together throughout the vital physiological process of wound healing. This process culminates in tissue repair and starts relatively early in the inflammatory phase. . The supplements of cinnamon and olive oil can dramatically raise blood levels of antioxidants while lowering those of inflammatory indicators like C-reactive protein. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the local histological effect of topical application of cinnamon and olive oil extract on the rabbit oral mucosa Patients and Methods: 20 adult male rabbits that weight about 700-900 Kg and age about (6-8) months where used in this experimental study. Ulcer induction: Prior to the creation of the ulcers, rats were fixed on their backs and all animals were anaesthetized and induction the ulcer with round filter papers 5.5 mm in diameter were soaked in 15 ml of 50% acetic acid. In order to create round ulcer, an acid-soaked filter paper was pressed onto the right buccal mucosa for 60 seconds. Then divided the groups according to the healing time with 10 rabbits as a control group left healed normally and 10 rabbits as an experimental group that daily used mixture of cinnamon extract and olive oil ready extract topically applied on the traumatic ulcer. The animals were sacrificed along three- and seven-days healing periods and then prepared H&amp;E stain for analyzed the results. Results: In comparison to the control group, the histological results of oral ulcers that were created and treated with a daily application of a herbal mixture consisting of cinnamon extract and olive oil extract showed greater epithelization, reduced inflammation, and increased angiogenesis, all of which sped up the healing process. Furthermore, there was a noteworthy distinction in the formation of extracellular matrix and collagen fiber synthesis between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion: Topical treatment using ready herbal extracts of olive oil and cinnamon was more successful in facilitating the recovery of traumatic ulcers.

Gastroprotective Efficacy of North African Medicinal Plants: A Review on Their Therapeutic Potential for Peptic Ulcers.

Peptic ulcer disease remains a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. Current treatments often have limitations, sparking interest in alternative therapies from medicinal plants. This review examines the gastroprotective potential of 54 North African medicinal plants against peptic ulcers. An extensive literature search was conducted, focusing on plants with preclinical and clinical evidence of anti-ulcer efficacy and documented use in North African traditional medicine. The review identified several promising plant species, such as licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla), olive (Olea europaea), pomegranate (Punica granatum), Aloe vera, and black seed (Nigella sativa), along with their bioactive constituents, including flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. These compounds exhibit gastroprotective properties through multiple mechanisms, such as enhancing the gastric mucosal barrier, inhibiting acid secretion, displaying antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, promoting ulcer healing, and combating Helicobacter pylori infection. The evidence presented includes invitro assays, animal models, and some clinical studies. While many of the 53 plants reviewed demonstrated significant anti-ulcer effects compared to standard drugs, further clinical research is needed to establish efficacy and safety in humans. The synergistic actions of phytochemical mixtures in medicinal plant extracts likely contribute to their therapeutic potential. This review highlights the role these North African medicinal plants may play in the prevention and treatment of peptic ulcers and identifies promising candidates for further research and development of evidence-based botanical therapies.

Protective effects of Ruscus extract in combination with ascorbic acid and hesperidine methylchalcone on increased leukocyte-endothelial interaction and macromolecular permeability induced by ischemia reperfusion injury.

Despite the well-recognized effectiveness of Ruscus aculetus extract combined or not with ascorbic acid (AA) and hesperidine methyl chalcone (HMC) on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury protection, little is known about the contribution of each constituent for this effect. To investigate the effects of AA and HMC combined or not with Ruscus extract on increased macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interaction induced by I/R injury. Hamsters were treated daily during two weeks with filtered water (placebo), AA (33, 100 and 300 mg/kg/day) and HMC (50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day) combined or not with Ruscus extract (50, 150 and 450 mg/kg/day). On the day of experiment, the cheek pouch microcirculation underwent 30 min of ischemia, and the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes and leaky sites were evaluated before ischemia and during 45 min of reperfusion. Ruscus extract combined with AA and HMC (Ruscus extract mixture) significantly prevented post-ischemic increase in leukocyte rolling and adhesion and macromolecular permeability compared to placebo and these effects were more prominent than AA and HMC alone on leukocyte adhesion and macromolecular leakage. Ruscus extract mixture were more effective than its isolated constituents in protect the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation against I/R injury.

Bioassay of Plant-based and Synthetic Insecticides for the Management of Tomato Leaf Miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Open-field Conditions in Salyan, Nepal

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), has invaded most parts of Nepal and threatens tomato production. Their management primarily relies on insecticides in Nepal. Market-available and locally-madeplant-based pesticides are not equally effective in managingT. absoluta. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of such potential insecticides in managing T. absoluta in open-field conditions. This study was carried out in the Salyan district of Nepal in 2021 and treatments were designed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD)with seven treatments and three replications. All treatments were sprayed at12-dayintervalsfor two times. The treatments used were Emamect in benzoate 5% SC, Imidacloprid 17.8 SL, Jholmol (botanical mixture extract and urine mixture), Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Spinosad 45 SC, Azadirachtin 300ppm and Control. The results showed that the lowest percentage of leaves and fruit damage was recorded in Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC and Spinosad 45 SC sprayed plots. Insecticide efficiency was ranked as Chlorantraniliprole &gt; Spinosad&gt;Ema-mectin Benzoate &gt; Azadirachtin &gt;Imidaclroprid&gt;Jholmol&gt;Control. Marketable yield was obtained highest in Chlorantraniliprole (85.26 t/ha) treated plots followed by Spinosad (79.26 t/ha); both were not significantly different. This study provides an opportunity to select the most suitable and effective pesticides for the management of tomato leaf miners and can be used in integrated pest management strategies as a selective insecticides.

Vegetables Treated before Drying with Natural Antioxidants plus UV-C Improve Colour and Bioactive Compounds

The quality of minimally processed fruits and vegetables is essential for consumers’ health and effective marketing. This study investigates the effects of UV-C irradiation, applied alone and combined with various natural antioxidants, on the preservation of bioactive compounds and the colour of dehydrated fruits and vegetables. To achieve this, red peppers, yellow peppers, tomatoes, zucchini, eggplants, and melons were subjected to pre-treatments with natural antioxidants and UV-C before processing using low-temperature airflow (50 °C). The drying kinetics showed typical curves of hygroscopic materials, while the drying time was high due to the low temperature applied. The higher drying rate was found for eggplant, due to its porosity, thus allowing a faster moisture removal. The application of antioxidants and UV-C treatments effectively preserved the colour parameters L*, a*, and b*, while in the case of untreated dried vegetables, a significant worsening of colour parameters was noted. However, most applied pre-treatments had positive effects on bioactive compound losses. The best results were obtained using a combination of UV-C with one antioxidant mix that was composed of vanillin, rosemary, and citrus extracts, and combined with a mixture of olive, onion, garlic, and citric acid extracts, which was highly effective in preserving the colour and bioactive compounds of most dried vegetables.

Antibiofilm activity of Morganella morganii JB8F and Pseudomonas fluorescens JB3B compound to control single and multi-species of aquaculture pathogens

BackgroundIndonesia is a country that uses half or more aquatic foods as protein intake. The increased production in aquaculture industries might cause several problems, such as bacterial disease resulting in mass mortality and economic losses. Antibiotics are no longer effective because aquaculture pathogens can form biofilm. Biofilm is a microbial community that aggregates and firmly attaches to living or non-living surfaces. Biofilm formation can be caused by environmental stress, the presence of antibiotics, and limited nutrients. Therefore, it is important to explore antibiofilm to inhibit biofilm formation and/or eradicate mature biofilm. Phyllosphere bacteria can produce bioactive compounds for antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing. Three aquaculture pathogens were used in this study, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Vibrio harveyi.ResultsPseudomonas fluorescens JB3B and Morganella morganii JB8F extracts could disrupt single and multi-species biofilms. Both extracts could inhibit single biofilm formation from one to seven days of incubation time. We confirmed the destruction activity on multi-species biofilm using light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Using GC-MS analysis, indole was the most active fraction of the P. fluorescens JB3B extracts and octacosane from the M. morganii JB8F extract. We also conducted a toxicity test using brine shrimp lethality assay on P. fluorescens JB3B and M. morganii JB8F extracts. P. fluorescens JB3B, M. morganii JB8F, and a mixture of both extracts were confirmed non-toxic according to the LC50 value of the brine shrimp lethality test.ConclusionsP. fluorescens JB3B and M. morganii JB8F phyllosphere extracts had antibiofilm activity to inhibit single biofilm and disrupt single and multi-species biofilm of aquaculture pathogens. Both extracts could inhibit single species biofilm until seven days of incubation. Bioactive compounds that might contribute to antibiofilm properties were found in both extracts, such as indole and phenol. P. fluorescens JB3B, M. morganii JB8F extracts, and mixture of both extracts were non-toxic against Artemia salina.

COSMO-RS screening of organic mixtures for membrane extraction of aromatic amines: TOPO-based mixtures as promising solvents

Aromatic amines are crucial in pharmaceuticals, but their synthesis is challenging due to unfavorable reaction equilibria and the use of costly, environmentally unfriendly methods. This study presents a membrane extraction (ME) process for in situ product removal (ISPR) of aromatic amines. Using a supported liquid membrane (SLM), -methylbenzylamine (MBA) and 1-methyl-3-phenylpropylamine (MPPA) were separated from isopropyl amine (IPA). COSMO-RS was employed to screen over 200 organic mixtures, identifying twelve mixtures based on trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), lidocaine, and menthol as solvent candidates, due to their hydrophobicity. These mixtures were analysed for critical solvent properties including density, viscosity, hydrophobicity, and hydrogen bonding interactions. ME tests showed TOPO-thymol had the highest solvent residual and selectivity. Moreover, TOPO-thymol demonstrated solute fluxes of 9.0±3.0 g/(m2 h) for MBA, 16.5±5.4 g/(m2 h) for MPPA, and 0.7±0.3 g/(m2 h) for IPA, with selectivity values of 12.4±0.8 for MBA/IPA and 22.8±1.4 for MPPA/IPA. Compared to undecane, which had lower selectivity values of 6.9±0.8 for MBA/IPA and 10.1±1.3 for MPPA/IPA, TOPO-thymol showed superior selectivity, indicating its promise as an extractant for ME applications.

Moringa oleifera, Cyclea barbata, Centella asiatica Leaves Extract Intervention Ability to Improve Fetus Development and Blood Protein Levels in Malnutrition Pregnant Model Mice

Background: Pregnant women experiencing chronic energy deficiency are at risk of giving birth to low birth weight and premature (stunted) babies. Objectives: In an effort to prevent stunting, the study investigates the effects of a 1:1:1 ratio of Moringa oleifera, Cyclea barbata, and Centella asiatica leaf extract on fetal growth and blood protein levels. Methods: This research used a laboratory experimental approach with 25 adult female Mus musculus Balb/C mice as a model of malnourished pregnancy, was divided into 5 groups: pre-test, positive control, negative control, placebo and test group. Moringa oleifera, Cyclea barbata, and Centella asiatica leaf extracts are administered to the test group and positive control in 1:1:1 ratio. Results: The study results indicated that in pregnant mice without malnutrition receiving a mixture of Moringa oleifera, Cyclea barbata, and Centella asiatica leaf extracts, the average fetal body length was 9.7% higher and their weight was 7.4% heavier than pregnant mice with experiencing chronic energy deficiency. Conclusions: The administration of Moringa oleifera, Cyclea barbata, and Centella asiatica leaf extract can contribute to improving fetal development and blood protein levels. However, its effectiveness is more pronounced in normal pregnancies than in pregnancies with chronic energy deficiency as it can prevent stunting.

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Mentha viridis in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

This research was designed to examine the phytochemicals of Mentha viridis (M. viridis) ethanolic extract and the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in alloxan-induced animal models. Diabetes was induced chemically by administering a unit dose of alloxan at 120 mg/kg BW. After alloxan induction, hyperglycemic rats were dealt with ethanolic extract of leaf and whole plant, metformin, and a mixture of leaf extract with metformin and whole plant extract with metformin for two weeks. Ethanolic extract of leaf and whole plant, metformin, and a combination of both leaf and whole plant extract with metformin therapies reduced glucose levels in the blood compared with the diabetic negative control group after two weeks of treatment. However, among the therapies, the ethanolic leaf extract and the combination of whole plant extracts with metformin were found to be the most effective (p&amp;lt;0.05), with reductions of 62.82% and 72.89%, respectively. After diabetes induction, the serum level of TG (triglycerides), TC (total cholesterol), LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) escalated notably (p&amp;lt;0.05), and HDL-C (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) level decreased remarkably (p&amp;lt;0.05) in hyperglycemic rats as opposed to healthy normal rats. Ethanolic leaf extract and a combination of whole plant extract with metformin significantly minimized the elevated extent of TG and LDL-C. They surged HDL-C, but the TC level was reduced by whole plant extract only after two weeks of treatment. The standard procedures were used to identify the phytochemical compounds of the medicinal plant M. viridis. The phytochemical compounds such as alkaloids, resins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids appeared in the ethanolic leaf extract of M. viridis. The findings suggest that M. viridis might provide better glycemic control and hypolipidemic effect in diabetic rats when administered alone or combined with oral antidiabetic agents. Incorporating M. viridis extract with metformin in improving hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions in diabetic rats proves that M. viridis has a synergistic effect, which could enhance the antidiabetic activity of oral hypoglycemic agents.

Application of Response Surface Methodology to Design and Optimize Purification of Acetone or Aqueous Acetone Extracts of Hop Cones (Humulus lupulus L.) Using Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Xanthohumol Isolation.

Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are an ideal sorbent for magnetic dispersion extraction due to their superparamagnetic properties and developed and active surface. This work aims to use IONPs, obtained by chemical co-precipitation, to purify 100% acetone and 50% acetone extracts from hop cones (Humulus lupulus L.) obtained by ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction. The extracts were purified from bitter acids (i.e., humulones, lupulones) to isolate xanthohumol. The sorption conditions were optimized depending on the composition of the extraction mixture, specifically the mass of IONPs and the time needed to achieve effective sorption using response surface methodology (RSM). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to assess the adequacy of the developed model, and a good agreement was found between the experimental data and the proposed model. The polynomial equation describing the model is highly significant (p < 0.05), with a precision of Adeq (above 4). This indicates the usefulness of the polynomial regression model for prediction in experimental design. The final products of the purification for 100% acetone extracts and 50% acetone contain 40.58 ± 2.84 µg mL-1 and 57.64 ± 0.83 µg mL-1 of xanthohumol, respectively. The use of 50% acetone extract provides more favorable conditions due to the smaller amount of nanoparticles required for extract purification and a higher recovery of xanthohumol. The development of a reliable multivariate model allowed for the optimization of the extract purification process, resulting in high-purity xanthohumol from natural sources.

The anti-inflammatory effect of a magnoliae cortex and Zea mays L. extract mixture in a canine model of ligature-induced periodontitis

BackgroundPeriodontitis is common in dogs. It is characterized by destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth due to the host-immune response triggered by plaque. Magnoliae cortex and Zea mays L. extract showed anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects, respectively. This study aimed to evaluate improvement in periodontitis following the administration of Magnoliae cortex and Zea mays L. extract in dogs. Periodontitis was experimentally induced in 10 beagle dogs. Five dogs were administered 40 mg of Magnoliae cortex extract and 20 mg of Zea mays L. extract orally once per day for 2 months (MZ group), whereas the other group received empty gelatin capsules (control group). Periodontal clinical parameters, complete blood count, serum chemistry parameters, and tissue inflammatory cytokines and chemokine expression were assessed before and after combined oral extracts administration.ResultsThe complete blood count and serum chemistry results of all dogs were within normal ranges. Gingival inflammation in MZ group was significantly better than that in the control group at 4 and 8 weeks post-medication (PM; p < 0.05). The periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment loss at 8 weeks PM in the MZ group were significantly lower than the baseline values (p < 0.05). The incidence of bleeding on probing in the MZ group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 4 weeks PM (p < 0.05). Throughout the medication period, the percentages of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were higher and lower, respectively, in the MZ group. However, these differences were only significant at 8 weeks PM. The expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α and the chemokine IL-8 in the inflamed tissues was lower in the MZ group, and the two groups showed a significant difference in TNF-α expression.ConclusionsCombined administration of Magnoliae cortex and Zea mays L. extract improved the clinical symptoms of periodontal disease in dogs. This beneficial effect may be partly due to the inhibitory effects of these extracts on the inflammatory response.

Development of Kopasanda Leaves Extract (Chromolaena odorata (L.)) Phytosome Using Solvent Evaporation Method.

Kopasanda (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King &amp;H.Rob) or siam weed exhibited various pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antidiabetic, and wound healing activities. The phenolic content of kopasanda leaf extract was high in the range of 56.15 mg GAE/g-242.3 mg GAE/g. But, it reported that phenolic compounds exhibited poor bioavailability because of their physicochemical properties. The phytosomes system improves the effectiveness of phytoconstituents. Aims of the research as prepare and evaluate the phytosome from kopasanda leaf extract. Kopasanda dried leaves were extracted by the sonication method. The solvent evaporation method was used in the phytosome preparation with various concentrations between extract and phospholipid ( 2:1; 1:1; 1:2; and 1:3). Furthermore, phytosome formation was analyzed for its entrapment efficiency, Polydispersity Index (PDI), particle size, spectroscopy infra-red (IR), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) method. The total phenolic content (TPC) of crude was 110.969 ± 0.752 mgGAE/g. The optimum phytosome was gained with a concentration between extract and phospholipid (1:3). It resulted in the entrapment efficiency of 99.930 ± 0.001%, particle size, and polydispersity index equal to 206.5 ± 8.613nm and 0.528 ± 0.038. The morphology of the phytosome was spherical and the phytosome formation was verified by the IR spectrum by comparing the phytosome and the physical mixture of extract and phospholipid. The results obtained showed that phytosome containing kopasanda leaf extract was formed using the solvent evaporation method.

Optimized HPLC-UV Methodology for the Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple Preservatives in Jordanian Yogurt Products

A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector (HPLC-UV) was developed for the simultaneous determination of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and natamycin in yogurt. The method does not require time-consuming, labor-intensive pre-treatment processes or complicated procedures. Using a C18 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.0 µm column (Roc) at 25 °C, the target analytes were separated within 5 minutes with high sensitivity and selectivity. The mobile phase consisted of trifluoroacetic acid (0.1%) in water containing 100 mM sodium acetate, trifluoroacetic acid (0.1%) in acetonitrile, and trifluoroacetic acid (0.1%) in tetrahydrofuran, in a ratio of 70:20:10 (v/v). Using this mobile phase as an extraction mixture, recoveries ranged from 83.0% to 110.2% at spike levels between 2.5 µg/kg and 80.0 µg/kg. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for these recoveries were below 10%. Intra-day precision and inter-day precision varied from 5.3% to 6.7% and 7.6% to 9.2%, respectively. Additionally, the limits of detection (LOD) were between 0.24 and 0.61 mg/L, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.80 to 2.0 mg/L for sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and natamycin. Principal component analysis revealed that yogurt type had the greatest positive influence on preservative concentration, while the weight or volume of the yogurt package had the greatest negative influence.