Extra Views Research Articles

SiMA-Hand: Boosting 3D Hand-Mesh Reconstruction by Single-to-Multi-View Adaptation

Estimating 3D hand mesh from RGB images is a longstanding track, in which occlusion is one of the most challenging problems. Existing attempts towards this task often fail when the occlusion dominates the image space. In this paper, we propose SiMA-Hand, aiming to boost the mesh reconstruction performance by Single-to-Multi-view Adaptation. First, we design a multi-view hand reconstructor to fuse information across multiple views by holistically adopting feature fusion at image, joint, and vertex levels. Then, we introduce a single-view hand reconstructor equipped with SiMA. Though taking only one view as input at inference, the shape and orientation features in the single-view reconstructor can be enriched by learning non-occluded knowledge from the extra views at training, enhancing the reconstruction precision on the occluded regions. We conduct experiments on the Dex-YCB and HanCo benchmarks with challenging object- and self-caused occlusion cases, manifesting that SiMA-Hand consistently achieves superior performance over the state of the arts. Code will be released on https://github.com/JoyboyWang/SiMA-Hand Pytorch.

Extra cues extra views: A multimodal detection of Arabic clickbait thumbnail verbo-visual cues

In this article, we investigate how the visual, interactional, and interactive verbo-visual selections are utilized to qualify Arabic clickbait thumbnails to get extra views. To this end, we drew upon Kress and Van Leeuwen’s multimodal analysis and Hyland’s meta-discourse framework. The data comprised 100 Arabic YouTube clickbait thumbnails selected from five Arabic channels. Our analysis revealed that a fake clickbait is an ensemble of collaborative modes, each of which reflects an interplay of interactional, compositional, and representational strategic selections. Thumbnail creators tend to structure their thumbnails visually by frequently selecting negative representational actional and reactional processes to induce viewers to click the videos for further information. To accentuate the representational metafunction, the content creators opted for enticing engagement markers and interactive linguistic cataphoric cues that lead the viewers to search for the referents disguised in the videos associated with thumbnails. Emojis, sequences of exclamation marks, and consecutive dots were also used as pressure tactics to click the videos. Such results will hopefully contribute to recognizing fake visual media and raise vulnerable viewers’ awareness against such fake videos.

Design and Implementation of Flexible-Specified Retrieval in a Unified Framework for Management System of Diverse Information

We have designed and implemented a diversed-information management system for both staff and department information based on .NET framework, B/S structure, Sql Server database and Visual Studio Develop Environment of Microsoft Corporation are adopted. Many kinds of personal and department-related information tables are created in the Sql Server database which results to difficulties in uniform retrieve and analysis. In traditional information retrieval applications, designers generate sql sentence from several fixed inputs and show the results in a fixed view. To enable flexible-specified advanced query of all that sorts of information in a unified framework, we import extra tables for describing information table columns called ‘AllTableInfo’ and extra views for personal information integration. Besides, query strings can be generated and transferred to the background processing program when the user selects the info-fields to output in specified form and sequence and sets the where condition. Sub query strings can be added to fulfill all-around queries using all kinds of where condition permutation and combination. Once specifying the query instance, the query string can be chosen as memorized so that the user can choose it easily and only set a few where conditions instead of specifying the query instance allover again. Through our design, the query input view and query results view can be generated dynamically and flexibly in a unified framework according to user’s choice of query need. What’s more, our work make it possible for user to set the query need accurately covering all conditions. In this paper we will explain how all these are designed and implemented.

Effect of the EQUIP initiative on additional images performed at screening mammography: a pilot study

PurposeThe Enhancing Quality Using the Inspection Program (EQUIP) initiative was launched to improve clinical image quality. The purpose of this study was to determine if the implementation of the EQUIP reporting system resulted in an increased number of extra views performed at the technologists' discretion during screening mammography. Materials and methodsFollowing IRB approval at a single comprehensive cancer center, patients who underwent screening mammography with combination full-field digital mammography plus digital breast tomosynthesis during a 6-month period before (January 2017 to June 2017) and after (January 2018 to June 2018) EQUIP implementation were identified. For each patient, both screening mammograms were retrospectively reviewed by 1 of 3 subspecialized breast radiologists (3–10 years of experience). The following data were recorded: demographics, breast density, surgical history, technologist, number and type of extra views, final BI-RADS assessment, radiologist-assigned indication for the view, and radiologist-assigned necessity of the view. McNemar's test for paired data was computed with p value of <0.05 considered statistically significant. ResultsOf 820 patients, 370 (45%) had additional views in 2018 compared to 317 (39%) in 2017. After EQUIP, patients were 38% more likely to have additional views (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.11–1.73). The total number of additional views in 2018 was 636 compared to 530 in 2017 (20% increase). Among patients with extra views in both years, the number of additional views per patient did not significantly increase post EQUIP implementation (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.73–1.92). The most common extra view was exaggerated craniocaudal lateral, and the most common reason cited by the reviewing radiologist was lateral fibroglandular tissue at the edge of the images. Most of the extra views performed in 2018 were not performed in 2017 and over half were deemed unnecessary. Eight of eleven technologists demonstrated an increased frequency of screening mammograms with extra views performed post EQUIP. ConclusionFollowing EQUIP implementation, screening mammography patients were significantly more likely to have extra views performed at the technologists' discretion. Our findings emphasize the importance of ongoing technologist education and radiologist feedback.

Self-compression Technique vs Standard Compression in Mammography

Many women dread undergoing mammography, and some may not attend or reattend breast cancer screening because of the discomfort or pain induced by breast compression. To evaluate the noninferiority of the self-compression mammography technique for reducing breast thickness compared with standard compression. This prospective, parallel-group, noninferiority randomized clinical trial was conducted from May 7, 2013, to October 26, 2015, at 6 cancer care centers in France. Participants were women aged 50 to 75 years, without a history of recent breast surgical procedure or treatment, and who could perform self-compression. Analyses were performed on intention-to-treat basis from January 27, 2017, to March 30, 2018. Patients were randomized 1:1 to the self-compression group or the standard compression group. Primary end point was breast thickness expressed as the mean of 4 views: right and left craniocaudal and right and left mediolateral oblique. The predefined noninferiority margin was a difference of 3 mm, with a 1-sided 95% CI. Secondary end points included compression force, image quality, requirement for additional views, pain, and patient satisfaction and radiographer assessment questionnaires. Among the 549 women randomized, 548 (97.3%) completed the trial. Of these, 275 (48.8%) (mean [SD] age, 61.35 [6.34] years) were randomized to the self-compression arm and 273 (48.5%) (mean [SD] age, 60.84 [6.41] years) to the standard compression arm. The difference in the mean thickness between the 2 arms was lower than the noninferiority margin, with an upper 1-sided 95% CI less than 3 mm (-0.17; 95% CI,-∞ to 1.89 mm; P < .05). Compression force was higher in the self-compression group compared with the standard compression arm for the 4 mammographic views. Pain was statistically significantly lower in the self-compression group (n = 274) compared with the standard compression group (n = 269) (median [interquartile range (IQR)] score, 2 [1-5] vs 3 [1-5]; P = .009). No difference was reported in the image quality scores of the 2 groups or in the number of additional views performed (median [IQR] extra views, 2 [2-2] vs 2 [2-3] extra views; P = .64), whatever the indication, including insufficient image quality (29 [16.8%] vs 27 [15.0%] insufficient quality views; P = .65). No adverse effects or pain were reported by the participants after the self-compression mammography. Self-compression does not appear to be inferior to standard compression mammography in achieving minimal breast thickness without increasing pain or compromising image quality; this technique may be an effective option for women who want to be involved in their breast examination. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02866591.

P010] Radiation dose levels in digital mammography: A retrospective review in a South American imaging centre

Purpose To present results of a retrospective data analysis carried out at a large academic medical centre in South America and to establish a dose reference level (DRL) for digital mammography studies in the region. Methods All patients presenting for screening mammography between July 1 and December 30, 2017 at our imaging centre were reviewed in this study, for which the institutional review board granted approval and waived the requirement for informed consent. Technical parameters including breast compression force, compressed breast thickness, mean glandular dose (MGD), and the number of views needed for complete breast coverage were recorded and analysed. Results A total of 2492 images acquired from 623 patients with a Siemens Mammomat Inspiration digital mammography system were included. The MGD per examination was 2.88 ± 0.05 mGy, the average compressed breast thickness was 64.3 ± 0.5 mm, and the average compression force was 10.1 ± 0.4dN. Twelve percent of the cases required more than the four normal views to cover all breast tissue. When extra views were included, the MGD per subject was 3.85 ± 0.06 mGy. A DRL value of 1.64 mGy has been established by calculating the 95 th percentile of the average MGD for compressed thicknesses ranging from 55 mm to 64 mm. Conclusions Our results show that demographic factors including mean breast thickness and breast prosthesis affect MGD of patients in our region. Finally, our findings show a modest increase of radiation dose to the breast by digital mammography due to the average breast thickness of our patients.

Extra views on structure and dynamics of DNA loops on nucleosomes studied with molecular simulations

ABSTRACTIt has been shown experimentally that the action of the RSC chromatin remodeler leads to the formation of an irregular, partially remodeled nucleosome, termed a remosome. The remosome contains an extra 30–40 base pairs of DNA compared to a canonical nucleosome. Large-scale molecular simulations have provided information on the probable structure of remosomes and have explained why they remain stable in the absence of RSC. Here we explain how these simulations were carried out and what the resulting remosome models imply in terms of the mechanism of action of RSC. We notably show that local kinks within DNA are key in explaining how extra DNA can be in added to nucleosomes without unduly disturbing DNA-histone binding.

Introduction to special section: Characterizing the subsurface with multiples and surface waves

Multiples and surface waves can give us extra views of the subsurface compared with just one view from primaries. As an example, surface waves in a layered medium are an interference pattern of up- and down-going multiple reflections, body-wave reflections and converted S-to-P events for Rayleigh

Radiation-Induced Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality From Digital Mammography Screening: A Modeling Study.

Estimates of risk for radiation-induced breast cancer from mammography screening have not considered variation in dose exposure or diagnostic work-up after abnormal screening results. To estimate distributions of radiation-induced breast cancer incidence and mortality from digital mammography screening while considering exposure from screening and diagnostic mammography and dose variation among women. 2 simulation-modeling approaches. U.S. population. Women aged 40 to 74 years. Annual or biennial digital mammography screening from age 40, 45, or 50 years until age 74 years. Lifetime breast cancer deaths averted (benefits) and radiation-induced breast cancer incidence and mortality (harms) per 100,000 women screened. Annual screening of 100,000 women aged 40 to 74 years was projected to induce 125 breast cancer cases (95% CI, 88 to 178) leading to 16 deaths (CI, 11 to 23), relative to 968 breast cancer deaths averted by early detection from screening. Women exposed at the 95th percentile were projected to develop 246 cases of radiation-induced breast cancer leading to 32 deaths per 100,000 women. Women with large breasts requiring extra views for complete examination (8% of population) were projected to have greater radiation-induced breast cancer risk (266 cancer cases and 35 deaths per 100,000 women) than other women (113 cancer cases and 15 deaths per 100,000 women). Biennial screening starting at age 50 years reduced risk for radiation-induced cancer 5-fold. Life-years lost from radiation-induced breast cancer could not be estimated. Radiation-induced breast cancer incidence and mortality from digital mammography screening are affected by dose variability from screening, resultant diagnostic work-up, initiation age, and screening frequency. Women with large breasts may have a greater risk for radiation-induced breast cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, National Cancer Institute.

Trauma CT scanning at University Hospital Coventry (UHCW): a retrospective review

s / Clinical Radiology 67 (2012) S11–S20 S19 How well do we image the c-spine in trauma? Authors: Mark Rodrigues, Emily R. McCall-Smith, Fergus J. Perks Background to the audit: Cervical spine (c-spine) trauma requires accurate assessment. Standard, indicator and target: Adequate x-rays require a lateral showing C1/C2 & C7/T1, AP showing C1-C7 & PEG view. If the films are inadequate, extra views CT should be performed. C-spine Imaging should be adequate in all trauma patients who require it. Methodology: Retrospective review of patients having c-spine films for trauma in Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh's AE urgent and emergency cases Authors: John Tuckett, Michael McNeill, Lance Cope Background to the audit: The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000 (IRMER) states: “The employer shall ensure that a clinical evaluation of the outcome of each medical exposure is carried out and recorded” This is interpreted by our trust as: Each individual examination shall have a written evaluation (report) recorded in the patient's record at a time when the evaluation will influence the management of the patient Standard, indicator and target: 100% of A&E, orthopaedic and inpatient plain film examinations will have a written evaluation (report) recorded in the notes by the clinician at a time when the evaluation will influence the management of the patient. Methodology: Retrospective study of 4 departments (A&E, orthopaedic outpatients, EAU day shift, EAU night shift) over 5 days. 5 examinations from each department assessed each day. Notes were reviewed to see if clinicians entered a timely report. Results of 1st audit round: 79 examinations studied. 100% of A+E examinations, 80% of orthopaedic outpatient examinations, 59% of EAU day shift examinations and 83% of EAU night shift examinations had an opinion recorded in the notes in accordance with the above standard. 1st action plan: Audit findings were presented to orthopaedics and EAU and findings circulated to all clinicians. We impressed on the clinicians the need to record an X-ray interpretation in the notes when it is not timely to await the formal report. Results of 2nd round: Will be available at time of presentation.

SU-E-I-141: Repeat Rates and Their Effect on Dose in Transitioning from Screen/Film to Full-Field Digital Mammography

Purpose: To investigate any change in the number of extra views acquired for screening mammography in transitioning from screen/film (SFM) to full field digital mammography (FFDM) and the resulting effect this had on total dose. Methods and Materials: This was a retrospective study of screening mammograms performed at our institution over a four year period. A total of almost 50,000 screening exams were performed during the last two years of SFM use and the first two years of FFDM implementation with a 24 × 29 cm detector. The picture archiving and communications system was used to view and record the number of images taken per screening procedure for all digital exams, whereas the radiology information system was the source for repeat analysis for the SF period. Results: Of the 23,516 patients who received screening mammograms on FFDM equipment, 36.5% had more than the standard four-views (craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique views of each breast). There were 15.5% who had a total of 5 images, 12.1% had 6 images, 3.3% had 7 images, and 5.6% had 8 or more images. The total repeat rate averaged over all patients was 14.1%. In contrast, preliminary results show that the repeat rate for patients undergoing SFM screening for an equivalent 2 year period was close to 5.5%. As for dose, there was, on average, an 18% decrease in mean glandular dose per view in going from SFM to FFDM imaging. This dose saving is decreased considerably when the number of extra views is taken into consideration. Conclusions: A notable increase in the total repeat rate for screening mammograms was observed once the switch from SFM to FFDM occurred. These extra views had the undesired effect of offsetting some of the dose savings afforded by the digital equipment.

Comparison of Acquisition Parameters and Breast Dose in Digital Mammography and Screen-Film Mammography in the American College of Radiology Imaging Network Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial

The purpose of our study was to compare the technical performance of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and screen-film mammography. The American College of Radiology Imaging Network Digital Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial enrolled 49,528 women to compare FFDM and screen-film mammography for screening. For quality assurance purposes, technical parameters including breast compression force, compressed breast thickness, mean glandular dose, and the number of additional views needed for complete breast coverage were recorded and analyzed for both FFDM and screen-film mammography on approximately 10% of study subjects at each site. Technical data were compiled on 5,102 study subjects at 33 sites. Clean data were obtained for 4,366 (88%) of those cases. Mean compression force was 10.7 dN for screen-film mammography and 10.1 dN for FFDM (5.5% difference, p < 0.001). Mean compressed breast thickness was 5.3 cm for screen-film mammography and 5.4 cm for FFDM (1.7% difference, p < 0.001). Mean glandular dose per view averaged 2.37 mGy for screen-film mammography and 1.86 mGy for FFDM, 22% lower for digital than screen-film mammography, with sizeable variations among digital manufacturers. Twelve percent of screen-film mammography cases required more than the normal four views, whereas 21% of FFDM cases required more than the four normal views to cover all breast tissue. When extra views were included, mean glandular dose per subject was 4.15 mGy for FFDM and 4.98 mGy for screen-film mammography, 17% lower for FFDM than screen-film mammography. Our results show that differences between screen-film mammography and FFDM in compression force and indicated compressed breast thickness were small. On average, FFDM had 22% lower mean glandular dose than screen-film mammography per acquired view, with sizeable variations in average FFDM doses by manufacturer.

Breaking Bad News in the Breast Imaging Setting

The aim of this study was to investigate the experience and desire for training breast imagers in discussing "bad news" with their patients. No such information has been previously reported. Following University of Michigan (UM) institutional review board approval and approval from the Society of Breast Imaging (SBI), questionnaires were mailed to current UM breast imaging faculty members, fellows, and residents and to SBI fellows. The final questionnaire page was mistakenly omitted in the SBI mailing. After institutional review board approval, the final page was sent to the SBI fellows. The response rates were 65% (61 of 94) for SBI fellows and 65% (13 of 20) for UM physicians. Ninety-five percent of respondents were aged >or= 40 years. Sixty-two percent of UM physicians were women, compared to 52% of SBI fellows. Sixty-four percent of respondents practiced in university settings and 34% in private settings. Thirty-five percent of respondents had breast imaging fellowships. The frequency of delivering bad news was most often weekly or daily, whether the news was a need for extra views, a biopsy recommendation, or positive core biopsy results. Recommendations for extra views and breast biopsies were reported to be usually given in person, whereas 59% of respondents delivered positive biopsy results by telephone. Eighty-five percent of respondents noted no previous training in delivering bad news. On a comfort scale ranging from 1 (very uncomfortable) to 10 (very comfortable), 95% of respondents rated their comfort at 8 to 10 for recommending extra views, 85% had the same comfort level for recommending biopsies, and 67% had the same level for giving positive biopsy results. Sixty-two percent of UM radiologists expressed interest in obtaining further training in how to deliver bad news, whereas only 32% of SBI fellows were desirous of such training. Although radiologists commonly delivered bad news in the breast imaging setting, very few had training in how to do so. Comfort levels declined as the severity of news increased, yet a majority of respondents were not interested in obtaining training in how to deliver bad news. These findings raise the need for further study.

Screening the fetal heart

Screening the fetal heart

Simultaneous multislice imaging with slice‐multiplexed RF pulses

A method for simultaneous multislice imaging is presented that uses a multislice RF pulse that imparts a different linear phase profile to each slice. During readout, slices are unaliased by using extra slice-select gradient lobes, which rephase and dephase individual slices one at a time. Compared to other simultaneous slice methods, this method avoids distortion by slice-select gradients, and does not require extra views or additional hardware. However, because one echo per slice is required, the method requires a longer read period. This can cause non-ideal rephasing of the individual slices due to susceptibility gradients, which manifests itself as crosstalk between slices. There is also a concomitant increase in the minimum TR of the sequence. The method is demonstrated with phantom and in vivo images using gradient-echo and spin-echo versions.

Practical solutions to common mammographic problems: tailoring the examination.

Received January 8. 1988; accepted after revision March 1,1988. Presented at the annual meeting of the American Roentgen Ray Society, San Francisco, CA, May 1988. 1Department of Radiology, Box 0628, Lk iversity of CaliforniaSchool of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143. AJR 151:31-39, July 1988 0361 -803X/88/151 1-0031 © American Roentgen Ray Society It is quite common for standard two-view-per-breast mammography to produce inconclusive results, especially among symptomatic patients and in interpreting baseline screening examinations. Many of these cases are read as indeterminate simply because the imaging evaluation is incomplete. In such circumstances, additional views prove invaluable in solving the mammographic “problems” raised on the standard examination. The ability to decide which extra views to obtain, and when to use them, is an important part of the expertise that every mammographer should develop. In discussing the problem-solving approach to mammography, I have assumed the use of dedicated mammographic equipment, capable of imaging in the craniocaudal projection with a vertical X-ray beam, in the lateral projection with a horizontal X-ray beam, and in all intermediate degrees of the oblique projection. I also have assumed that a properly designed breast compression device is used [1 ]. These features are essential for screen-film mammography and preferable for xeroradiography as well [1]. Use of a ceiling-mounted X-ray unit produces acceptable xeroradiographic images in standard projections, but the radiologist using this general-purpose equipment is limited in the ability to take full advantage of many special projections devised to solve mammographic problems. Every busy xeroradiographic breast imaging practice should have at least one dedicated mammographic unit available for such problem-solving examinations. There are so many potential approaches to completing the evaluation of inconclusive mammography examinations that an almost innumerable array of imaging permutations exists from which the radiologist may choose. To simplify the subject, I have concentrated on some of the more commonly encountered mammographic problems, indicating those solutions most likely to succeed. The reader is advised at the outset that every mammographic problem can be solved by a variety of acceptable methods and that my failure to discuss one of your personal favorites indicates only my own preference rather than the inadequacy of a specific alternative approach.

Radiographic projections for coronary angiography--implications for digital subtraction angiography.

ABSTRACTOne hundred and forty two coronary artery stenoses were collected during a period in which the right coronary artery (RCA) was visualised in the lateral (LAT) left anterior oblique (LAO), LAO caudocranial (LAOCR) and right anterior oblique craniocaudal (RAOCA) projections, and the left coronary artery (LCA) in the same projections plus LAO craniocaudal (LAOCA) and RAO. Other views were occasionally added. Taking “visible” to mean that the stenosis was well enough seen to permit a satisfactory grading of its severity, 16% (19 of 116) of LCA stenoses and 11 % (3 of 26) of RCA stenoses were visible only in one view. Of these, in one case of an LCA stenosis, the only view which demonstrated the lesion was not part of the routine set. In only four instances (3 LCA, one RCA) was more than one view required to make a clinical decision. Although the best set of three views (LAOCR, LAT and RAOCA) yielded diagnostic results in 96% of all stenoses, 100% stenosis visualisation would require the operator to select one of a number of extra views (dependant upon the coronary anatomy). The only view which could have been discarded from the study without detriment was LAO.

Studies on the Intracardiac Phonocardiography

The intracardiac phonocardiographic method of our original conception has been an epock making advance in the study of heart sounds. In this paper with the accumulation of 50 additional clinical cases from the time of original reports the result are summarized and some extra views are expressed. 1) Our equipment utilizing the condensor-type pick up is believed to be for superior to those made and used in Europe and the United States from the view-point of sensitivity and frequency response when compared by actual use. 2) The characteristics of intracardiac sounds were discussed by grouping the deta under the headings of “the effect of blood flow”, “damping due to heart and blood-vessel wall”, “conduction of vibrations”, “Knocking sound”, etc. 3) The various components of the normal heart sounds were divided into the first sound, 2nd sound, 3rd sound, atrial sound, extra sound and murmurs. The results of the clinical and animal experiments were discussed. 4) The advantages of this method for determining the region of the murmur origin, its mechanisms and in clarifying the local blood movement within the heart and its importance as a diagnostic tool were discussed.