Extra Part Research Articles

Phase transition of modified thermodynamics of the Kerr-AdS black hole

Abstract We investigate the critical phenomena of Kerr-AdS black holes in the modified first law of thermodynamics.
The modified black hole thermodynamics exhibits the van der Waals-like phase
structure. All the critical exponents are calculated, and the swallowtail diagram of free energy is
plotted. Comparing with existing results, the main difference is the correspondence between thermal
quantities of the Kerr-AdS black holes and the van der Waals system. In previous work[16],
the correspondence was $(\Omega_H, J)\to (V, P)$. In our work, the correspondence is $(J, {\hat\Omega}_H)\to (V, P)$.
This difference results from rotating effect. The modified black hole thermodynamics is associated
with rotating observers. The free energy in such reference contains an extra rotating energy. This
extra part induces a Legendre transformation in $({\hat\Omega}_H, J)$ cross-section, which yields the different
correspondence.

Assessment of hemodynamic disturbance in connective tissue dysplasia syndrome of extracerebral and cerebral vessels in children

Syndrome of dysplasia connective tissue are recorded as cerebrovascular structural abnormalities of the vascular system include (deformations of vessels) and they are predisposing factors of dyscirculatory hemodynamic cerebrovascular disturbances.The studying of clinical and ultrasonic data of extra cranial part of brachiocephalic vessels at children allows to reveal the structural peculiarities and direction of internal carotid artery (deformations), its interrelation with cerebrovascular hemodynamic infringements.Early revealing of vessels’ structural abnormalities allow to carry out in due time diagnostics and cerebrovascular pathology preventive maintenance at children’s age. The ultrasound methods are one of the key non-invasive methods in management algorithm of patients with cerebrovascular disturbances

Sorption Characteristics and Chromatographic Separation of 90Y3+ from 90Sr2+ from Aqueous Media by Chelex-100 (Anion Ion Exchange) Packed Column.

There is growing demand for separation of 90Y carrier free from 90Sr coexisting to produce high purity 90Y essential for radiopharmaceutical uses. Thus, in this context the sorption profiles of Y3+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solutions containing diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), acetic acid, citric acid, or NaCl onto Chelex-100 (anion ion exchange) solid sorbent were critically studied for developing an efficient and low-cost methodology for selective separation of Y3+ from Sr2+ ions (1.0 × 10-5 M). Batch experiments displayed relative chemical extraction percentage (98 ± 5.4%) of Y3+ from aqueous acetic acid solution onto Chelex-100 (anion ion exchanger), whereas Sr2+ species showed no sorption. Hence, a selective separation of Y3+ from its parent 90Sr2+ has been established based upon percolation of the aqueous solution of Y3+ and Sr2+ ions containing acetic acid at pH 1-2 through Chelex-100 sorbent packed column at a 2 mL min-1 flow rate. Y3+ species were retained quantitatively while Sr2+ ions were not sorbed and passed through the sorbent packed column without extraction. The sorbed Y3+ species were then recovered from the sorbent packed column with HNO3 (1.0 M) at a 1.0 mL min-1 flow rate. A dual extraction mechanism comprising absorption associated to "weak-base anion exchanger" and "solvent extraction" of Y3+ as (YCl6)3- and an extra part for "surface adsorption" of Y3+ by the sorbent is proposed. The established method was validated by measuring the radiochemical (99.2 ± 2 1%), radionuclide purity and retardation factor (Rf = 10.0 ± 0.1 cm) of 90Y3+ recovered in the eluate. Ultimately, the sorbent packed column also presented high stability for reusing 2-3 cycles without drop in its efficiency (±5%) towards Y3+ uptake and relative chemical recovery. A proposed flow sheet describing the analytical procedures for the separation of 90Y3+ from 90Sr2+ using chelating Chelex 100 (anion exchange) packed column is also included.

Effective action of a self-interacting scalar field on brane

In extra dimensional theories, the four-dimensional field theory is reduced from a fundamental field theory in the bulk spacetime by integrating the extra dimensional part. In this paper we investigate the effective action of a self-interacting scalar field on a brane in the five-dimensional thick braneworld scenario. We consider two typical thick brane solutions and obtain the Pöschl–Teller and harmonic potentials of the Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes, respectively. The analytical mass spectra and wave functions along extra dimension of the KK modes are obtained. Further, the effective coupling constant between different KK particles, cross section, and decay rate for some processes of the KK particles are related to the fundamental coupling in five dimensions and the new physics energy scale. Some interesting properties of these interactions are found with these calculations. The KK particles with higher mode have longer lifetime, and they almost do not interact with ordinary matter on the brane if their mode numbers are large enough. Thus, these KK particles with higher modes might be a candidate of dark matter.

Quaternion Scalar and Vector Norm Decomposition: Quaternion PCA for Color Face Recognition.

This paper proposes a decomposition called quaternion scalar and vector norm decomposition (QSVND) for approximation problems in color image processing. Different from traditional quaternion norm approximations that are always the single objective models (SOM), QSVND is adopted to transform the SOM into the bi-objective model (BOM). Furthermore, regularization is used to solve the BOM problem as a common scalarization method, which converts the BOM into a more reasonable SOM. This can handle over-fitting or under-fitting problems neglected in this kind of research for quaternion representation (QR) in color image processing. That is how to treat redundancy caused by the extra scalar part when the vector part of a quaternion is used to represent a color pixel. We apply QSVND to quaternion principal component analysis (QPCA) for color face recognition (FR), which can deal with the phenomenon of under-fitting of vector part norm approximation. Comparisons with the competing approaches on AR, FERET, FEI, and KDEF&AKDEF databases consistently show the superiority of the proposed approach for color FR.

Embodiment of supernumerary robotic limbs in virtual reality

The supernumerary robotic limb system expands the motor function of human users by adding extra artificially designed limbs. It is important for us to embody the system as if it is a part of one’s own body and to maintain cognitive transparency in which the cognitive load is suppressed. Embodiment studies have been conducted with an expansion of bodily functions through a “substitution” and “extension”. However, there have been few studies on the “addition” of supernumerary body parts. In this study, we developed a supernumerary robotic limb system that operates in a virtual environment, and then evaluated whether the extra limb can be regarded as a part of one’s own body using a questionnaire and whether the perception of peripersonal space changes with a visuotactile crossmodal congruency task. We found that the participants can embody the extra-limbs after using the supernumerary robotic limb system. We also found a positive correlation between the perceptual change in the crossmodal congruency task and the subjective feeling that the number of one’s arms had increased (supernumerary limb sensation). These results suggest that the addition of an extra body part may cause the participants to feel that they had acquired a new body part that differs from their original body part through a functional expansion.

Construction of ssDNA-Attached LR-Chimera Involving Z-DNA for ZBP1 Binding Analysis.

The binding of proteins to Z-DNA is hard to analyze, especially for short non-modified DNA, because it is easily transferred to B-DNA. Here, by the hybridization of a larger circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with a smaller one, an LR-chimera (involving a left-handed part and a right-handed one) with an ssDNA loop is produced. The circular ssDNAs are prepared by the hybridization of two ssDNA fragments to form two nicks, followed by nick sealing with T4 DNA ligase. No splint (a scaffold DNA for circularizing ssDNA) is required, and no polymeric byproducts are produced. The ssDNA loop on the LR-chimera can be used to attach it with other molecules by hybridization with another ssDNA. The gel shift binding assay with Z-DNA specific binding antibody (Z22) or Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) shows that stable Z-DNA can form under physiological ionic conditions even when the extra ssDNA part is present. Concretely, a 5′-terminal biotin-modified DNA oligonucleotide complementary to the ssDNA loop on the LR-chimera is used to attach it on the surface of a biosensor inlaid with streptavidin molecules, and the binding constant of ZBP1 with Z-DNA is analyzed by BLI (bio-layer interferometry). This approach is convenient for quantitatively analyzing the binding dynamics of Z-DNA with other molecules.

Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Pyelolithotomy versus Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Treating the Patients with Staghorn Kidney Stones: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

To compare the performance and outcomes of laparoscopic pyelolithotomy (LPL) versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the management of staghorn kidney stones. This study was a parallel-group randomized clinical trial study carried out on 68 patients with staghorn stones (one single piece or maximally two-piece stones with large extra renal part) over 18 years referred to Labbafinejhad Hospital. Patients were randomly divided on a ratio of 1:1 into two groups of LPL and PCNL using random allocation software. The primary outcome was the stone free rate, which was evaluated with KUB, and ultrasonography. Secondary outcomes were duration of surgery, bleeding, fever, post-operative pain, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications. The mean±SD age of patients in PCNL and LPL groups were 48.50 ± 13.33 years and 52.17 ± 15.74 years, respectively (P=.303). LPL was associated with a higher duration of surgery (196.55 ± 26.58 minutes versus 110.88 ± 34.82; P=.001). Hemoglobin drop in the PCNL group was higher than the LPL group (2.67 ± 2.61 g/dL versus -0.7912 ± 1.06 g/dL; P=.001). Stone free status was observed in 29 (85.3%) patients in the LPL group, which was significantly higher than the PCNL group (22 patients, 64.7%; P =.050). The results of this study indicate that LPL offers a higher stone free rate with less bleeding in patients with single particle or limited particles staghorn stones with extrarenal pelvis but is associated with a higher duration of operation. The application of LPL in patients with multiple stones carries a lower achievement and is not encouraged.

Mask Attention-SRGAN for Mobile Sensing Networks.

Biometrics has been shown to be an effective solution for the identity recognition problem, and iris recognition, as well as face recognition, are accurate biometric modalities, among others. The higher resolution inside the crucial region reveals details of the physiological characteristics which provides discriminative information to achieve extremely high recognition rate. Due to the growing needs for the IoT device in various applications, the image sensor is gradually integrated in the IoT device to decrease the cost, and low-cost image sensors may be preferable than high-cost ones. However, low-cost image sensors may not satisfy the minimum requirement of the resolution, which definitely leads to the decrease of the recognition accuracy. Therefore, how to maintain high accuracy for biometric systems without using expensive high-cost image sensors in mobile sensing networks becomes an interesting and important issue. In this paper, we proposed MA-SRGAN, a single image super-resolution (SISR) algorithm, based on the mask-attention mechanism used in Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). We modified the latest state-of-the-art (nESRGAN+) in the GAN-based SR model by adding an extra part of a discriminator with an additional loss term to force the GAN to pay more attention within the region of interest (ROI). The experiments were performed on the CASIA-Thousand-v4 dataset and the Celeb Attribute dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method successfully learns the details of features inside the crucial region by enhancing the recognition accuracies after image super-resolution (SR).

Effect of reputation-based heterogeneous investment on cooperation in spatial public goods game

Cooperation that emerges in the situation of multi-person social dilemma has attracted intensive interest and been analyzed under the widely used public goods game (PGG) model within the framework of evolutionary game theory. Different from the original version of spatial PGG that investments are even for all the groups, in this work, a heterogeneous investment model is present by the real observation that an individual would make a rigorous judgment on to what extent they will cooperate based on the reputation condition among the group. In the model, the investors’ investment amounts to different groups are non-uniform and dynamically modified. Once all of the remaining members’ reputation values inside the group reach the corresponding threshold, the investor will completely invest one unit to the group without hesitation; otherwise, the incomplete amounts involving the basic part and the extra part will instead of the complete one. Considering that different reputation evaluation criteria exist in reality, two different threshold situations including the subjective and objective reputation threshold are considered. Simulation results show that the heterogeneous investments based on the two situations are efficient for the promotion of cooperation as well as the improvement of the whole system's average payoffs. Moreover, compared with the simple subjective threshold or the fixed objective threshold, the cooperation level can be enhanced in the mixed rule, in which cooperators can utilize the maximum value among the two kinds of reputation threshold as the judgment basis for their investment decisions. The current work is conducive to better understand the effect of reputation-based heterogeneity investment on the persistence and emergence of cooperation in real-world systems.

Congenital Chylothorax in Newborn with Trisomy 21

Dawn syndrome Trisomy 21 means there’s an extra copy of chromosome 21 in every cell. This is the most common form of Down syndrome, there is three types of Down syndrome. Trisomy 21 which there is an extra copy of chromosome 21 in every cell. Mosaicism occurs when a child is born with an extra chromosome in some but not all of their cells. Translocation in this type of Down syndrome, children have only an extra part of chromosome 21. There are 46 total chromosomes. However, one of them has an extra piece of chromosome 21 attached. Down syndrome is associated with a lots of complication like congenital heart disease. Vision. Hearing behavior and mental problem. Our case is Down syndrome with congenital chylothorax which is rare complication. Neonatal chylothorax results from the accumulation of chyle in the pleural space and may be either congenital or an acquired condition. Congenital chylothorax is most likely due to abnormal development or obstruction of the lymphatic system. It is often associated with hydrops fetalis. It can be idiopathic or may be associated with various chromosomal anomalies including Trisomy 21, Turner syndrome, Noonan syndrome, and other genetic abnormalities [1]. Treatment of chylothorax is multidisplenery need insertion of chest tube to decrease respiratory distress, diet management and pediatric surgery.

Searching for a modification of a conformally flat metric in the five-dimensional braneworld model that localizes scalar and vector fields

A modification of the Randall-Sundrum metric model in the form of conformally flat metric was proposed some years ago. The proposed model shows better localization properties than the original Randall-Sundrum model. However, this new model still does not meet the expectation that all fundamental fields can be localized for one type of warp factor, e.g. for a decreasing warp factor. In this research we propose to add a factor f(r) in the extra coordinate part of the above modified Randall-Sundrum metric and derive conditions for localization for scalar and vector fields. r is the extra coordinate. We then look for some functions f(r) that fulfill the localization conditions for both scalar and vector fields. Examples of the function f(r) under investigation are e Ar, e −Ar−Br 2 , e −A/r , Ar, Ar + Br 2, and sinh(Ar). We found the expected function, that is e Ar , which might be used as a further discussion in fields localization.

Leader-Following Consensus of Multiagent Systems via Asynchronous Sampled-Data Control: A Hybrid System Approach

In this article, we develop a hybrid system approach for sampled-data-based leader-following consensus of multiagent systems over a static/switching directed network. First, an asynchronous sampled-data hybrid consensus control protocol is proposed, which has an extra reset control part in contrast with the traditional linear control protocol and is beneficial for achieving better transient consensus performance. Then, with several properly defined internal variables, a hybrid model consisting of both flow and jump dynamics is constructed to describe the closed-loop dynamics. Based on this model and internal decreasing functions, Lyapunov-based stability conditions are derived, and larger upper bound of sampling period can be obtained compared to the existing related work. Finally, an example is given to show the superiority of the proposed approach.

EXTENSIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF TRAUMATIC PNEUMOTHORAX IN SAUDI ARABIA’S POPULATION

Objectives: Traumatic pneumothorax is one of the causes of trauma mortality and morbidity. It is a problem for developing countries as many accidents can be avoided and there are few epidemiological data to support programs injury prevention. The main objective of the current study was to determine demographic characteristics, patterns, and severity of the injury, thoracic, and extra-thoracic related injuries in a Level 1 trauma center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (SA).
 Methods: This retrospective observational study used the King Abdulaziz Medical City Trauma Center’s trauma registry to review the data of traumatic pneumothorax patients admitted to the hospital from January 2001 to December 2018. Demographic characteristics, admission date and time, type and mechanism of injury, involved body area, and severity rates were analyzed.
 Results: A total of 708 patients of whom 92.3% were males. Blunt trauma (75.8%) is the most common cause of injury. Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA) were the most common cause (57%) of traumatic pneumothorax. Rib fractures (36.5%), lung contusions (31.5%), and hemothorax (23.5%) were the most common clinical forms of chest injury associated with traumatic pneumothorax. On the other hand, the head injury (34.8%) was the most common extra thoracic part associated. The mean Injury Severity Score in the current study was found to be 20.1.
 Conclusion: This study showed the trends of traumatic pneumothorax injuries in a Level 1 trauma center, Riyadh, SA, showing MVA are the leading cause of traumatic pneumothorax in our region. These demographic data will be crucial for local health-care systems to be optimally resourced.

A note on inference for the mixed fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with drift

This paper is devoted to the controlled drift estimation of the mixed fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We will consider two models: one is the optimal input where we will find the controlled function which maximize the Fisher information for the unknown parameter and the other one with a constant as the controlled function. Large sample asymptotical properties of the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) is deduced using the Laplace transform computations or the Cameron-Martin formula with extra part from [ 12 ]. As a a supplement of [ 12 ] we will also prove that the MLE is strongly consistent.

Progressive Feature Enhancement for Person Re-Identification

Most of person Re-Identification (ReID) works extract features from the top CNN layer for person image matching. The top CNN layer commonly corresponds to large receptive fields, thus is not effective in depicting visual cues at multiple scales, e.g. , both global appearance and local details. This work proposes a Progressive Feature Enhancement (PFE) algorithm to spot and fuse multi-scale discriminative cues from different CNN layers into a single feature vector. The basic idea is to progressively learn complementary features with a layer-specific supervision from deep to shallow layers. The layer-specific supervision is inferred by the proposed Masked Feature Augmentation (MFA) module. For each CNN layer, MFA indicates cues that have been captured in its deeper layers. MFA hence supervises each layer to depict additional visual cues missed by its deeper layers. This framework effectively learns multi-scale features without requiring extra part annotations or dividing body parts. To further facilitate the layer-specific feature generation, a Two-Stage Attention Module (TSAM) is proposed to filter pixel-wise and channel-wise noises on intermediate feature maps. Extensive experiments on four ReID datasets show that our approach achieves competitive performance, e.g. , with ResNet50 backbone, it achieves rank1 accuracy of 95.1%, 88.2%, 79.1% and 71.6% on Market-1501 , DukeMTMC-ReID , MSMT17 and CUHK03 Detected , respectively, outperforming many state-of-the-art works.

Wormhole solutions with scalar field and electric charge in modified gravity

In this paper, we have considered the modification of general relativity and presence of extra matter part for the exploration of traversable wormhole solutions. In particular, we have considered the background of f(R, T) gravity under the effect of scalar field and electric charge, which play the role of additional matter part. The energy conditions are detected in the presence of both scalar field and electric charge and the results are compared. Further, the existence of photon spheres, due to the strong gravitational lensing, is examined and the formation of relativistic images is studied.

Each Part Matters: Local Patterns Facilitate Cross-View Geo-Localization

Cross-view geo-localization is to spot images of the same geographic target from different platforms, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e.g.</i> , drone-view cameras and satellites. It is challenging in the large visual appearance changes caused by extreme viewpoint variations. Existing methods usually concentrate on mining the fine-grained feature of the geographic target in the image center, but underestimate the contextual information in neighbor areas. In this work, we argue that neighbor areas can be leveraged as auxiliary information, enriching discriminative clues for geo-localization. Specifically, we introduce a simple and effective deep neural network, called Local Pattern Network ( <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LPN</b> ), to take advantage of contextual information in an end-to-end manner. Without using extra part estimators, LPN adopts a square-ring feature partition strategy, which provides the attention according to the distance to the image center. It eases the part matching and enables the part-wise representation learning. Owing to the square-ring partition design, the proposed LPN has good scalability to rotation variations and achieves competitive results on three prevailing benchmarks, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i.e.</i> , University-1652, CVUSA and CVACT. Besides, we also show the proposed LPN can be easily embedded into other frameworks to further boost performance.

Disturbance Observer-Based Finite-Time Speed Control for Marine Diesel Engine With Input Constraints

In this article, a finite-time observer-based speed control strategy for the marine diesel engine is proposed with consideration of system parameter uncertainties, external disturbances and input constraints. Initially, a finite-time disturbance observer is designed, by which the synchronized uncertainties are accurately estimated in the sense of finite-time stability. Based on the observed information, a speed control strategy is proposed, and practical finite-time stability of the closed-loop system is demonstrated by rigorous theoretical analysis. Besides, for solving the input constraints inherent with the speed control system, an auxiliary variable is introduced to compensate the extra part of control output signals. Finally, numerical simulation and comparison are presented. The common operation situations of the marine diesel engines are taken into account, including starting, acceleration and deceleration between speed set points, sudden load changing, varied propulsion system parameters and different slope limits, etc. Comparing with the related existing method, the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed finite-time observer-based control law are illustrated.

Investigation of the self-induced magnetic field characteristics in a pulsed plasma thruster with flared electrodes

The self-induced magnetic field in a pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) with flared electrodes is investigated for a better understanding of the working process and the structural design of the thruster. A two-dimensional model of the magnetic field is built and is validated by comparing the simulated results with the experimental results in literature. The magnetic flux density in the discharge channel during the working process is presented and analyzed regarding the electrode structures. The calculated magnetic field flux density decreases from 0.8 T at the upstream to 0.1 T and below at the downstream in the discharge channel (68 J). The peak of the magnetic flux density over time lags behind the current peak, which provides evidence for the existence of a moving plasma sheet in the discharge process. The magnetic field induced by the current in the extra bending part of the anode enhances the Lorentz force, which acts on the charged particles near the propellant. Finally, the geometric study indicates that the electromagnetic impulse bit does not monotonically increase with the flared angle of the electrodes. Instead, it reaches a maximum at a certain flared angle, which could provide significant suggestions for structural optimization.