External Problems Research Articles

The role of inflammation in the effects of peer victimisation and stressful life events on mental health in childhood

BackgroundPeer victimisation represents a salient stressor during childhood. However, studies investigating the mechanism of its impact on children's mental health typically examine socio-cognitive factors as mediators. The current study sought to provide novel insight through testing a potential biological mechanism, inflammation. It also tested for pathway-specific effects by comparing how inflammation may mediate the effect of peer victimisation and that of another important stressor in childhood: adverse life events. MethodData from 4,583 participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were used. Path analysis was carried out to investigate whether inflammation (IL-6 and CRP) at age 9 years mediates the effect of peer victimisation and stressful life events at age 8 years on internalising (peer and emotional) or externalising (hyperactivity and conduct) problems (measured at age 11 years), both before and after adjustment for potential confounders. ResultsIL-6 partially mediated the effect of peer victimisation on peer problems, even after adjustment for potential confounders. Inflammation did not mediate the effect of stressful life events on either type of internalising problems. Neither stressor predicted externalising problems via inflammation. ConclusionWe did not find evidence that inflammation mediates the effect of stressful life events on mental health in childhood when they are considered alongside experiences of peer victimisation. Inflammation may already represent a form of biological embedding of peer victimisation in the early years.

Investigation of Heat and Mass Transfer in the Process of Convective Heat Treatment and Drying of Thermal Insulation Materials and Approximate Equation of the Drying Curve

The results of the study of heat treatment in the drying processes of thin thermal insulation materials based on the most general laws of convective drying of wet bodies with the establishment of the equation of the drying curve are presented. The numerical values of heat and mass transfer Biot numbers for the period of decreasing drying rate are established, too. Based on the study and analysis of numerous sources, the ranges of changes in the Lykov, Posnov, and phase transformation criteria for the processes of heat treatment of ceramics, asbestos, felt, and clay plates have been approximately determined. It is demonstrated that for values of Biot numbers less than one, for Lykov criteria value of 0.05–0.13 and for Posnov criteria value of 0.03–0.08 for drying modes with a temperature of 90–120 ° C, the task of drying, as a heat and mass transfer process, is external, and internal transfer does not affect the conditions of interaction of the material surface with the environment. It is also shown that the drying of thin materials takes place when the Biot number is less than one and, under the conditions of an external problem, the similarity criteria do not affect convective drying. The intensity of moisture evaporation from the body surface is determined by the value of the heat transfer coefficient in the Biot number and the regime parameters of the process. It has been established that the processes of drying materials are low-intensity processes. Based on the elements of the theory of thermal regular regime, the rate of heating of a wet body and the rate of decrease in moisture content are determined. The problem of constructing drying curves without conducting experiments to determine the duration of drying of thermal insulation materials based on approximate equations is considered; this problem is of interest for the practice of drying. The constructed drying curves do not coincide with the actual curve with an error of 4–5 %.

Pembantuan Tenaga Kerja dan Pembuatan Konten Kreatif untuk Pemasaran Produk Kopi Koetjoer di Desa Kucur

Kucur Village was once famous for commodity coffee before oranges. This happens because the geographical location is favorable for growing coffee plants. however, as time went on, Kucur Village barely produced coffee. this happened because the price of coffee beans dropped dramatically. many farmers are switching from being citrus farmers. however, there are some farmers who still grow coffee. Therefore for facilitate coffee farmers, the formation of a group of Independent Farmers Republic (RTM). The aim of this group is to increase the selling price of coffee beans and to give more respect to farmers, especially coffee farmers. A group or organization is definitely not free from problems, and so is RTM. This group experienced both internal and external problems. such as the lack of manpower to produce coffee and also not being able to introduce Koetjoer Coffee to the general public. Therefore, the PMBP Sederhana Group provides a solution in the form of helping in the coffee making process. Apart from that, the PMBP Sederhana Group also participates in marketing and introducing Kopi Koetjoer products by creating content that is innovative and interesting. This has a positive impact because the production produced more and more people know that in Kucur Village there are Koetjoer Coffee products.

Barriers to innovation for SMEs in Republic of Moldova

SMEs play an important role in any country’s economy by contributing to job creation, innovation and value-added generation. However, despite the recognition of the important contribution of SMEs to the economy, there are a number of major barriers to innovation that prevent SMEs from developing. This paper aims to identify some important innovation barriers perceived by domestic SME entrepreneurs, as well as their perception of the changing trends in this field in recent years. The research is based on a mixed approach, using both primary and secondary data: statistical analysis and international rankings; the results of surveys and interviews with entrepreneurs from the small and medium-sized business sector, carried out and implemented over the last 8 years, with the participation of the authors; critical analysis and generalization of specialty literature, analytical materials; comparison; synthesis. The research results reveal that the innovation activity of SMEs remains rather modest, entrepreneurs facing a mix of internal and external problems. At the same time, entrepreneurs have not noticed essential changes in the last decade in terms of innovation development and implementation.

Глобальное экзистенциальное пространство

The article raises the problem of strengthening the influence of global existential problems on human existence in the context of the aggravation of the contradictions of the transition from the unipolar stage of globalization to the multipolar one, which the authors designate as the neo-globalization stage. The influence of external global existential problems on the existence of sovereign states, on the formation of ‘existence in objectivity’, according to K. Jaspers, and its transition into subjective existence is analyzed. To concretize the concept of objective existence and to study the connection of global and state existential problems with human existence, the authors propose to introduce the concept of ‘global existential space’.

How Self-Regulation and Executive Functions Deficits Affect Quality of Life of Children/Adolescents with Emotional Regulation Disorders.

Deficits in self-regulation and executive functions (EFs) frequently characterize children/adolescents with emotional regulation disorders and restrict their daily function and quality of life (QOL). These deficits are mainly manifested by neuropsychological measures in laboratory settings. This study aimed to compare self-regulation and EFs by ecological measures to reflect the implications in daily life between children with emotional regulation disorders and healthy controls and examine the relations between self-regulation, EFs and QOL in the study group. the participants were 49 children aged 8-18: 25 children/adolescents with emotional regulation disorders and 24 healthy children. The parents completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (Peds-QL). The study group had greater self-regulation difficulties (internalization and externalization problems), executive dysfunctions (EFdys) (including metacognition difficulties) and a lower QOL. Their internalization and externalization problems correlated with reduced EFs and QOL. Internalization predicted the physical and emotional QOLs, while metacognition predicted social and school-related QOLs. Deficits in self-regulation and EFs are prevalent in children/adolescents with emotional disorders and restrict their daily function and QOL. Therefore, they should be routinely evaluated by ecological instruments to reflect daily restrictions.

Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat: Penyuluhan Pengetahuan Manajemen Stres Bagi Pelaku UMKM di Azalea Depok

<p><em>MSME actors and e</em><em>mployees at work often feel stressed either because of the work environment or the impact of problems brought from outside the work environment. Even more so when it is associated with the prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This can further make employees anxious to continue working. Business conditions in this case also become a determining factor. In addition, internal and external problems experienced by employees can also be an additional factor in forming anxiety to continue working which in the long run can create stress at a certain level. These things were used as the background for the initial situation analysis as a detector of partner problems, namely employees working at Azalea's Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in </em><em>Depok</em><em>. The implementing team then determined the method of Community Service activities</em><em> </em><em>to be carried out, namely counseling. This PkM activity was held on March 8-9, 2023, face to face on the spot. During the material bidding process, activities went well and smoothly. Based on the results of the feedback obtained from the 32 participants who took part, the participants felt that this PkM activity provided additional knowledge for the participants, especially regarding stress management. In addition, the participants also felt that the topics raised and presented to the participants matched the participants' needs in recognizing stress to managing stress in the workplace. The participants also felt that the activities provided were sufficient in terms of implementation time. Furthermore, the participants hoped that other activities could be carried out in the future.</em></p>

Developing an immersed boundary method for compressible flow

AbstractDevelopment of a 3D sharp interface ghost node immersed boundary method (IBM) within a fluid solver based on the compressible Navier–Stokes equations is underway. The objective of the IBM is to accurately apply boundary conditions at fluid–solid interfaces. The Navier–Stokes solver is currently being verified using various test cases, including the classic cylinder in cross flow. As part of this verification process, particular attention was given to investigating the effects of different lateral boundary conditions. The results demonstrate that extrapolation boundary conditions exhibit better agreement with the literature compared to symmetry conditions, in cases with relatively narrow domains. These findings highlight the potential benefits of extrapolation boundary conditions in reducing confinement effects and removing nonphysical waves in external flow problems.

A disturbance rejection adaptive filtering approach for human motion tracking *

This article studies the human motion tracking problem using the disturbance rejection adaptive filter with an inertial sensor. Due to the complexity of human motion, conventional inertial methods easily suffer from motion accelerations (MAs) and ferromagnetic disturbances (FDs). Here, a disturbance rejection adaptive filter is presented to segregate the exterior disturbances from the inertial sensor observations before attitude estimation. This method estimates the MA and FD by Kalman filters. According to disturbance intensity, Sage–Husa adaptive strategies based on fuzzy rules are designed to adjust noise covariance. Moreover, gravity and geomagnetic field estimation are applied as multiplicative extended Kalman filter observations to solve external disturbances problems. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by an example of human motion tracking.

Demand-growth in support of structural change: Evidence from Nigeria's formal manufacturing sector

An emerging literature on demand-led structural transformation and structuralist macroeconomics finds that demand-growth can positively complement industrial policy and drive structural transformation but there is no firm consensus which policies can achieve a sustained virtuous circle of demand-, output- and productivity growth. Looking at evidence from manufacturing companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE), this paper supports the view that demand-growth can effectively complement industrial policy but only if demand problems of different nature are addressed simultaneously. Increases in government spending need to be combined with distributional policies favouring the disposable income of workers and subsistence communities and with policies that can address country-specific and historically formed supply-side problems in vertically linked sectors to counteract external demand problems manifesting through the balance of payments.

Analytic Network Process (ANP) Method: Factor Analysis of the Non-Implementation of Municipal Islamic Bonds in Sukuk Potential Areas in Indonesia

This study seeks to examine the factors that have prevented the implementation of municipal Islamic bonds in a region with the potential for sukuk issuance in Indonesia. Previous research has identified regions with the potential to issue municipal Islamic bonds, yet none of these regions have done so thus far. Municipal Islamic bonds have the capacity to address regional budget deficits and finance the development of local infrastructure, thereby reducing the need for debt. Hence, the authors conducted research to identify the factors contributing to the lack of municipal Islamic bond issuance in these potentially sukuk regions in Indonesia. The analytic network process was employed as the methodology to determine the priority scale of causal factors. The findings indicate that two main problems exist, namely internal and external issues. The primary factor identified within the internal problem is human resources, while government regulation emerged as the primary factor within the external problem.

Monitoring and Evaluation of Teacher Performance Improvement at LC Laensasi (Mindanao-Philippines)

This research aims to describe monitoring and evaluation of improving teacher performance in LC Laesansi (Mindanao-Philippines). This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive study methods. Based on the research results, it was found that: First, management planning to improve teacher performance, namely, program personnel discuss determining the program and steps that must be taken by involving teachers in various education and training, activating teacher forums in the field of study, providing the necessary facilities and carrying out supervision pushing / directing. The efforts made by the school principal turned out to be effective. Second, monitoring and evaluation of teacher performance improvement management has been carried out by the school principal and an appointed team with the aim of finding out any deficiencies in implementation so that improvements can be made to plans that will be prepared and implemented next. Third, the problems found in teacher performance improvement management include external problems

Longitudinal associations of neighbourhood environmental exposures with mental health problems during adolescence: Findings from the TRAILS study

BackgroundCross-sectional studies have found associations between neighbourhood environments and adolescent mental health, but the few longitudinal studies mainly focused on single exposure-based analyses and rarely assessed the mental health associations with environmental changes. ObjectivesWe assessed longitudinal within- and between-person associations of multiple neighbourhood time-varying physical and social environmental exposures with externalising and internalising problems throughout adolescence. MethodsWe used four waves of TRAILS (Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey) data on self-reported externalising and internalising problems at ages 11, 13, 16, and 19 among 2,135 adolescents in the Netherlands. We measured residence-based time-varying environmental exposures, including green space, air pollution (fine particulate matter (PM2.5)), noise, deprivation, and social fragmentation. We fitted random-effect within-between regression models to assess the environment-mental health associations. ResultsAt the within-person level, an interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.056 IQR (95% CI: 0.014, 0.099) increase in externalising problems, while an IQR social fragmentation increase was associated with a 0.010 IQR (95% CI: −0.020, −0.001) decrease in externalising problems. Stratification revealed that the association with PM2.5 was significant only for movers, whereas the association with social fragmentation remained only for non-movers. At the between-person level, an IQR higher noise was associated with a 0.100 IQR (95% CI: 0.031, 0.169) more externalising problems, while higher deprivation (β = 0.080; 95% CI: 0.022, 0.138) and lower fragmentation (β = -0.073; 95% CI: −0.128, −0.018) were associated with more internalising problems. We also observed positive between-person associations between PM2.5, noise, and internalising problems, but both associations were unstable due to the high PM2.5-noise correlation. Further, we observed a non-linear between-person PM2.5-externalising problems association turning positive when PM2.5 > 15 µg/m3. Null associations were found for green space. ConclusionOur findings suggested that air pollution, noise, and neighbourhood deprivation are risk factors for adolescent mental health. Not only exposure levels but also exposure changes matter for adolescent mental health.

Sexual orientation and mental health in a US cohort of children: a longitudinal mediation study.

Sexual minorities, including children, are at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes compared to their heterosexual peers, but longitudinal studies are needed to determine the factors that explain the associations between sexual minority identification and adverse mental health outcomes during this developmental period. We examined longitudinal associations between sexual orientation and mental health over 2 years in a US cohort of children (aged 9-10 at baseline) and two explanatory factors (increased social problems such as getting teased and decreased perceived school safety). We hypothesized that beginning to identify as gay/bisexual and consistently identifying as gay/bisexual would be associated with increases in internalizing (e.g. depression, anxiety) and externalizing (e.g. aggression) problems compared to consistently identifying as heterosexual, and these associations would be partially explained by increased social problems and decreased perceived school safety. We used data from Waves 1-3 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. The analytic sample included 5,574 children (46.0% female; 55.1% non-Hispanic White). Beginning to identify as gay/bisexual was associated with increased internalizing/externalizing problems, and consistently identifying as gay/bisexual was associated with increased internalizing problems, compared to consistently identifying as heterosexual. For those who consistently identified as gay/bisexual, increased disparities in internalizing problems were partially explained by increased social problems and decreased perceived school safety, and increased disparities in externalizing problems were partially explained by increased social problems. These findings suggest the health disparities affecting sexual minority children include both internalizing and externalizing problems, and social problems and feeling unsafe at school may be contributing factors.

Investigation of Heat and Mass Transfer in the Process of Fuel Preparation from Biomass Particles with High Moisture

Currently, in a number of countries an urgent task for development of fuel and energy complexes is to increase the share of generation by involving solid fuels in circulation. Among such projects, those that allow the disposal of waste from various industries are particularly significant. Expired food products in this context are represented as a renewable local energy resource. However, such products require serious activities to prepare them for incineration or other type of high-temperature processing in order to obtain energy. The purpose of the present work is to improve methods of preparing fuel from recycled carrot fruits (unsuitable for use in the food sector). During the fuel preparation of carrots, the drying stage is limiting for the rational organization of its processing in boilers. In addition, the drying stage is extremely energy-consuming, so reliable prediction of its kinetics largely determines the efficiency of the entire technological process. In the course of the study, the following tasks were solved: a numerical method was developed for describing the processes of internal and external heat and mass transfer problems using an explicit difference approximation of differential equations of heat and mass transfer; parametric identification of the proposed one-dimensional mathematical model was performed using empirical dependencies known from literature sources; empirical verification of the proposed mathematical model was carried out by comparing the calculated forecasts obtained with the results of their own field experiments. The fact that the proposed mathematical model and the results of the full-scale experiment are independent, while the calculated forecasts and experimental data are in good agreement, makes us possible to consider the proposed calculation method as a reliable scientific basis for a computer method for calculating of heat and mass transfer processes when organizing the preparation of fuel from carrot fruits.

Prospective associations between adolescent risky substance use and school dropout and the role of externalising and internalising problems.

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess to what extent risky substance use (RSU) acts as an important risk factor for school dropout from upper secondary school in a prospective study of Norwegian adolescents, and how externalising and internalising mental health problems influenced this association. Methods: We used data from a large population-based survey (the youth@hordaland-survey), which included adolescents aged 16-19 years. The predictor variables were self-reported RSU. The survey was linked with prospective data from the Norwegian Education Database, following the adolescents to 21-23 years of age. The outcome variable was registry-based school dropout within five years after starting upper secondary school. The analyses were adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status, and externalising and internalising problems. Results: After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, all indicators of RSU were prospectively associated with school dropout (adjusted odds ratios 1.26-2.25; all p values <.01). While internalising problems only slightly changed these estimates, the associations were substantially attenuated by externalising problems. Still, all measures of RSU, except frequent alcohol intoxication, remained positively associated with school dropout in the fully adjusted models. For the youngest students, all associations between RSU and school dropout were significant. Conclusions: Adolescent RSU is a strong predictor for school dropout, and externalising problems explained a considerable proportion of this effect. Prevention efforts to reduce student substance could improve academic outcomes among upper secondary school students, and such efforts may benefit from also targeting co-occurring externalising problems.

Islamic Leadership dan Pelibatan Masyarakat Sebagai Faktor Terpenting Dalam Membangun Sistem Manajemen Mutu Masjid

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Quality Management is a management system used to maintain the best service quality, and the outcome is customer satisfaction and loyalty. As one of the public service centers, Mosques are a time to focus on implementing quality management to improve the best service for their worshippers. In Islamic history, the Prophet SAW has applied the fundamental basis of quality management, especially during the establishment and operation of the Prophet's mosque in Medina: Islamic leadership and community involvement. These two factors are currently crucial in building a quality management system. This study aims to map mosques' business processes (activities) to create a quality management system. The research method uses qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach, followed by descriptive historical-comparative method analysis. The study found findings of mosque leadership models, community involvement models, and conclusions of congregational behavior, cultural behavior, social behavior, personal behavior, and psychological behavior. Then there were also findings of issues findings from internal and external problems around the mosque, and the final part was the finding of expectations from mosque worshippers and how the mosque prepared a strategic strategy to respond to the expectations of the congregation; furthermore, the critical point of the results of this study was found a business map model of mosque processes (activities) which became the essential element to build a mosque quality management system.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords –&lt;/em&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;Community Involvement, Context Organization and Business Process, Islamic Leadership, Quality Management.&lt;/p&gt;

Investigating the causes of the downfall of democracy in Afghanistan from 2001 up to 2021

Democracy in a country always fall due to internal and external factors. The collapse of Democracy not only brings political instability in a country, but it can negative impacts of the countries that have Democracy system. In developing countries, external and internal problems cause Democracy to fall. Afghanistan's geopolitics place is very important for superpowers, these powers have tried to control political power in Afghanistan directly and indirectly. For this reason, this country has always been dependent on the superpowers of the world, such as England in the 18th and 19th centuries, the Soviet Union in the 20th century, and America in the 21st century, it has been the external factors that caused political instability in Afghanistan, internal factors such as ethnic and language discrimination, economic dependence, weaken the political system causes Democracy to fall in Afghanistan.

MYANMAR MILITARY COUP 2021 IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

Nowadays, problems in a country can be related to internal and external problems. These problems are often not included in disputes or problems between international countries but can also be problems between one country and its internal ones that threaten order and peace in the international world. One example is the case of a coup where a process of overthrowing a key government is carried out by a certain group or party, while a military coup is carried out by a group of armed forces together with the state police with the emergence of acts of violence carried out by the military against civilians. Myanmar has a history of military coups from 1962, 1988 until 2021 but this case cannot be interfered with other countries, international or regional organizations because of binding international law, this creates a polemic for all parties.&#x0D;

Medical Students’ Views Concerning Social Security System at their Institute

Introduction: Academic performance of learners is challenging as MBBS students' performance is a result of socio-economic, psychological and environmental factors. Socially secured education systems are growing as a profitable industry with prime goal to produce high quality education which delivers well-educated and skillful students, because institutions are valueless without quality of students. Objective: This study was carried out to find out students’ views on social security system for them in conveniently selected medical colleges of Bangladesh. Methods: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out at four medical colleges over a period of one year from January 2021 to December 2021. Convenience sampling technique was adopted to select the medical colleges. A self administered pretested questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 purposively selected students who were present in the lecture or online classes on the day of data collection. The security factors were divided into: External Security Factors (Extracurricular activities, family &amp; academic life problems, work and financial, social and environmental other problems, problem-solving skills) and Internal Security Factors (Students’ competence &amp; aptitude, academic life, environmental security measurement, physical or mental expectation, learning barriers and modern technology threats). Results: Among the total 200 students 116 (58%) were male and 84 (42%) were female. Maximum (i.e. 95%) of students expect better social security both internal and external factor. Moreover the maximum students expressed their views regarding solving any internal and external problems and direction from their administration as highly expected when they were in social security problem and stress. Conclusion: Study recommended that the gap between the internal, external social security systems of students and the reality should be assessed meticulously and to be addressed to achieve quality of medical education outcome. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Education Vol.14(2) July 2023: 10-17