External Users Research Articles

Organizational well-being in a healthcare facility in Tuscany

Abstract Introduction Organizational climate assessment provides crucial insights into work life across sectors. While corporate culture evolves gradually, the organizational climate promptly reflects employees’ mood, motivation, enthusiasm, and perception of the work environment. This study aims to analyze the organizational well-being in a healthcare facility in southeast Tuscany to reveal both successful areas and critical issues within the organization. Methods Data on gender, age, tenure, qualification, and contract type were collected anonymously. Organizational climate was assessed using a Likert scale (1-10), covering workplace safety, stress, fairness, discrimination, career development, relationships, belonging, and other perceptions. STATA was used to conduct this analysis. Results Twenty-nine participants included 55.3% male, averaging 45.3 years. Thirty-one percent had less than 5 years of tenure, with only 14% in managerial roles. Workplace safety perception varied: 58% moderately safe, 20% unsafe, and 20% highly insecure. Bullying was reported by 14.3%, while 17.6% found compensation fully appropriate. Merit and career opportunities were unrelated for 65.5%, and 48.2% found their role aligned with their profile. Fifty-five percent felt part of a team, and 27.5% perceived good integration. Company rules were clear for 93%, but 34.5% considered changing companies, while 55.1% were satisfied. External user perception was positive at 58.5%. Conclusions The analysis identified positive aspects and areas for improvement in workplace well-being. Safety and fairness in job allocation were well-received, with room for improvement, mostly in promotion transparency. Colleague relationships were positive, emphasizing the importance of transparent communication and employee engagement in building trust and participation. These findings can guide the development of targeted interventions to enhance organizational well-being, fostering employee satisfaction and efficiency. Key messages • The evaluation of organizational climate in this healthcare facility revealed a variety of employee perceptions, highlighting strengths and areas for improvement in workplace well-being. • Enhancing transparency and communication regarding merit-based promotions within the organization is necessary to foster employee trust and engagement.

ECBD: European chemical biology database.

The European Chemical Biology Database (ECBD, https://ecbd.eu) serves as the central repository for data generated by the EU-OPENSCREEN research infrastructure consortium. It is developed according to FAIR principles, which emphasize findability, accessibility, interoperabilityand reusability of data. This data is made available to the scientific community following open access principles. The ECBD stores both positive and negative results from the entire chemical biology project pipeline, including data from primary or counter-screening assays. The assays utilize a defined and diverse library of over 107000 compounds, the annotations of which are continuously enriched by external user supported screening projects and by internal EU-OPENSCREEN bioprofiling efforts. These compounds were screened in 89 currently deposited datasets (assays), with 48 already being publicly accessible, while the remaining will be published after a publication embargo period of up to 3 years. Together these datasets encompass ∼4.3 million experimental data points. All public data within ECBD can be accessed through its user interface, API or by database dump under the CC-BY 4.0 license.

Pupils’ beliefs about Norwegian Nynorsk: ‘I don’t believe we need to learn a second Norwegian language’

According to the national curriculum, Norwegian pupils are supposed to learn both official written Norwegian languages, Bokmål and Nynorsk, in school (1-13); one of the written languages as their so-called main written language and the other one as the alternative written language. At the end of lower secondary school (10th grade) and the end of upper secondary school (13th grade), most pupils get three individual grades in Norwegian as a school subject: written Bokmål, written Nynorsk and oral skills. The majority of pupils (more than 85%) have Bokmål as their main written language and Nynorsk as their alternative written language, and many pupils struggle with motivational issues when it comes to learning Nynorsk. In the present study, lower secondary pupils (10th graders) have been asked about their thoughts and beliefs before and after an intervention in the form of a language-history lecture by an external Nynorsk teacher and user (a researcher). The pupils wrote down their opinions and thoughts in class under the supervision of their teacher. These (anonymous) reflection notes were handed to the researcher who categorized and analysed them by trying to extract the overall ‘beliefs’ about Nynorsk from each text. Even though most pupils admit having learned a little from the intervention, the result is clear: a one-time intervention – even with a clear purpose and good arguments – is not enough to change the pupils’ opinion, attitudes or beliefs when it comes to Nynorsk as a second Norwegian language in school, and more fundamental changes in the educational system are needed. /Keywords: attitudes, beliefs, emotions, language learning, language policy, language teaching

Enhancing Autonomous Agents Through Narrative Memory: A Comprehensive Framework for Improved Performance and Interaction

The process of organizing information and experiences into a narrative style is known as narrative memory, and it presents a cutting-edge method for improving the performance of autonomous agents. This essay describes the idea of narrative memory, as well as its elements, construction of narrative structures, and uses. The four main elements of narrative memory are timelines, characters, events, and context. Events are important things that happen, such interactions or acts, and characters are people, other agents, and the autonomous agent. The context gives the underlying knowledge required to comprehend these events and individuals, while the chronology sets the order of occurrences, creating a cause-and-effect link. The process of creating narrative frameworks includes gathering data, identifying events, crafting stories, and refreshing memories. Three methods are used to collect data: external sources, user input, and sensors. This data is used to identify significant events, which are subsequently arranged into logical tales. New situations and experiences are constantly added to the narrative memory. Improved predictive analysis, easier learning and adaptability, and improved human-robot interaction are just a few of the uses of narrative memory in autonomous agents. Robots can interact with people more successfully if they can comprehend human narratives and reply with responses that are contextually relevant. Agents may learn and adapt by identifying patterns in their prior experiences, and they can make better decisions by forecasting future occurrences with the help of historical narratives. Managing the complexity of real-world events, addressing ambiguity and uncertainty, and guaranteeing the ethical use of narrative data are challenges in the implementation of narrative memory. In order to improve narrative memory frameworks, future research options include creating sophisticated story generating tools, integrating narrative memory with other memory systems, and working across disciplines. The goal of this roadmap is to enhance autonomous systems' comprehension, communication, and decision-making skills by utilizing the power of tales.

Pengaruh Audit Tenure, Kepemilikan Manajerial, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Integritas Laporan Keuangan

Purpose: This study examined the impact of audit tenure, managerial ownership, and company size on the integrity of financial statements. Methodology: The sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 29 companies and 77 data points from transportation and logistics companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2020-2022. Secondary data from the annual reports were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results: Company size affects the integrity of financial statements, whereas audit tenure and managerial ownership do not. Limitations: The study is limited by measuring audit tenure as the number of years a Public Accounting Firm has engaged with a client, going back up to six years. Additionally, only one measurement tool–accounting conservatism–was used. Contribution: The findings are expected to enhance the understanding of financial statement integrity for both internal users, such as management, and external users, such as creditors and investors, aiding in making informed decisions. Furthermore, this study contributes to the literature by expanding the determinants of financial statement integrity in transportation and logistics companies.

Mapping research data landscape in Africa using the Re3data and data citation Index

Despite the efforts made by most African countries in incubating the practice of research data sharing, little is known on the status of the research data sphere in the African landscape. This study was conducted to establish the status of research data and research data repositories (RDRs) in Africa. Specifically, the study intended to identify the country-wise contributions in terms of research data and research data repositories, trends of publication of research data by African countries, content type and the nature of research data repositories hosted by African countries. The study applied the quantitative research approach. The registry of research data repositories (re3data), which is the prominent worldwide registry for the research data repository, and the data citation index (DCI) hosted by the Web of Science were used in this study. Re3data and DCI index research data repositories and datasets respectively, from almost all the countries around the world. The study identified parameters that were extracted from re3data and DCI using the browse and search facilities. The extracted data were recorded into Google Sheets, refined, and analysed using MS Office Excel. The study found little contribution from the African countries regarding research data and research data repositories to re3data and DCI. The study found further that, despite the presence of a few repositories, most of them had restricted access to external users. This study concludes that African countries are still having a lot to do for the research data practices to be fully incubated. The study suggests that governments and other stakeholders should improve the facilitating conditions, including establishing relevant policies and infrastructures for the practice to be fully embraced.

Principles of constructing mental models of a solution for external users in the task of generating explanations in an intelligent system

The subject of the research is the process of constructing user mental models in intelligent information systems. The aim is to improve the principles of building mental models of external users regarding the decisions of an intelligent information system to form explanations in accordance with both the needs of these users and the limitations on the use of solutions in a specific subject area. Objectives: improvement of existing principles of mental model construction based on structuring the description of the intelligent system's solution; development of a principle for constructing mental models of the intelligent system user, considering the limitations when using the obtained solution. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows. The existing principles of human mental model construction have been adapted, considering the differences in constructing explanations for a solution in an intelligent system represented as a «black box». The adapted principles consider the correspondence between the structure of the mental model and the solution, the multiplicity of mental models regarding the solution, and the incompleteness of input data for decision-making. The principle of input data supplementation is proposed, which consists in using the values of solution properties that are irrelevant from the user's point of view to limit the set of relevant solutions. The use of this principle in constructing an explanation makes it possible to consider the negative aspects of using the obtained result and thereby simplify the user's choice and application of this solution.

Економічна сутність та роль бухгалтерської звітності в інформаційному забезпеченні державного управління

The work aims to analyze the economic essence and role of accounting reporting in the information provision of state administration in modern economic conditions. The research methodology included the following research methods: terminological analysis – to clarify to the city the essence of the concept of “information provision” of the state administration system; the method of analysis and synthesis – in order to adapt the concept of reporting to modern conditions of state administration; monographic analysis – to define and characterize approaches to the role of accounting reporting in the information provision of public administration; systematic approach – in order to determine the content of the information provision of reporting of the state administration system based on the conducted research. It is highlighted that the state administration system has also changed under the influence of information technologies. As a result, the number of scientific concepts and approaches to understanding the term “information provision” has increased. Based on definitions of the concept of “information provision” in the aspects of state administration, the following approaches are distinguished: the process of processing information, the process of satisfying information requests, the administrative aspect, the process of the total number of bodies and resources, a set of measures. The author’s definition of “information provision of reporting of the state administration system” is presented. The definitions of the entity “reporting,” “accounting reporting,” and “financial reporting” have been systematized according to various sources. We believe that financial reporting is a component of accounting reporting. It is distinguished by the fact that it discloses information about its financial condition and the results of business entities for external and internal use. Regarding the concept of accounting and financial reporting, we note that “accounting reporting” is a broader concept and can be presented to both internal and external users. Internal reporting is intended for the needs of internal management of the enterprise and its divisions and may contain confidential information that is not disclosed. External reporting, including financial reporting, reflects the financial and economic activity of the enterprise as a whole and is a means of informing external users – interested legal entities and individuals – about the activities, income, expenses, financial results, property status of the enterprise, and can be used at the enterprise itself. Keywords: information provision, reporting, information provision of public administration system reporting, accounting reporting, financial reporting, public administration.

Application of Privacy Engineering Techniques in Software Development for the National Privacy Commission

The study investigated the implementation of privacy engineering in software development at the National Privacy Commission (NPC) with a specific focus on the Data Breach Notification Management System (DBNMS). Objectives include identifying the factors that contribute to the success or failure of privacy engineering in the NPC's software development context, to provide valuable insights into the integration of privacy measures. This includes the development of actionable guidance for the effective integration of privacy and security in software engineering at the NPC, tailored specifically for NPC engineers and encompassing methodologies for incorporating privacy engineering throughout the software development life cycle. This is to empower NPC software engineers with practical tools and strategies to create a secure and privacy-respecting environment. Qualitative methodology and thematic analysis approach were utilized to assess the effectiveness of privacy engineering techniques. To gather insights, semi structured interviews were conducted with both internal and external stakeholders composed of software developers, data protection officers, and other internal and external users of the DBNMS. Evaluation yielded positive remarks both from internal and external participants. Factors that contributed to the success and failure of privacy engineering techniques in software development include rapid evolution of technology, lack of funds, and stakeholder engagement, among others. Overall, the findings are expected to contribute to the broader discourse on privacy engineering and have implications for policymakers, software development practitioners, and organizations looking to enhance their privacy practices in the digital age.

Camouflaging Within Frames: A Study on Image Steganography

Most important area in the recent years is the field of stegnography. It is the method of hiding data in the cover image, it can be done through the form of text, video or audio. The information is passed from the sender to the receiver without giving any hint to the external users. The phrase steganography derived from two Greek words: ‘steganos’ way covered and ‘graphos' approach writing and often refers to secret writing or facts hiding. The main goal of steganography is to increase conversation protection via placing secret message into the virtual picture. In this paper we have tried to implement the Least Significant bit (LSB), Spread Spectrum technique and DCT algorithm. LSB method is the simple steganographic technique to conceal the secret data in an image and it is commonly used. This method maintains the quality of the image. Steganography using LSB hides out the bits of the message image into the LSB of the cover image. The advantage of LSB steganography is that it is very simple, easy to employ and the final image obtained will be almost similar to the cover image, meaning that the quality of cover image remains same. This study aims to contribute to the understanding and advancement of image steganography techniques, offering valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved in the field of information security and digital communication.

Integrating word embedding and topic modeling for sentiment analysis: A case study on the social mood on economy

In recent years, textual analysis and embedding spaces have become essential and complementary tools for sentiment analysis in National Statistics Institutes’ research, owing to their ability to summarize discussed topics effectively. Istat has developed an innovative tool, wordembox, which allows external users to explore the outputs of popular word embedding algorithms, such as Word2Vec and FastText. This tool enriches the analysis with a novel graph functionality, enabling users to discover clusters of words and facilitating implicit topic modeling. This article focuses on Social Mood on Economy (SME) posts over a period in which the index recorded a strong downward trend: the first month of the Russia-Ukraine conflict at the beginning of 2022. We compare findings from wordembox with standard topic modeling techniques, including Bayesian Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), Top2Vec, and BERTopic, recent methods that extract clusters from word embedding spaces. These techniques show coherent results, and their combined use in textual analysis may create a synergy that enhances the informative content of synthetic indexes such as ‘Social Mood on Economy Index (SMEI)’.

Synthesizing Clinical Data Warehouse Content for Enhanced External Collaboration: A Preliminary Proposal.

This paper introduces a novel approach aimed at enhancing the accessibility of clinical data warehouses (CDWs) for external users, particularly researchers and biomedical companies interested in developing and testing their solutions. The primary focus is on proposing a clinical data catalogue designed to elucidate the contents of CDWs, facilitating biomedical project launch and completion. The catalogue is designed to address three fundamental inquiries that external users may have regarding CDWs: "What data is available, how much data is present, and how was it generated?" Additionally, the paper showcases a prototype of the catalogue through a visualization example, utilizing data from the CDW of Rennes University Hospital.

After Online Innovators Receive Performance-Contingent Material Rewards: A Study Based on an Open Innovation Platform.

In recent years, enterprises have increasingly recognized the pivotal role of external users in driving product innovation. Open innovation platforms (OIPs), which facilitate interactions between companies and external innovators, have emerged as critical conduits in this regard. However, OIP managers face the challenge of motivating innovators to sustain their contributions. While some OIPs have implemented material incentives, the impact of such rewards on users' ongoing innovation efforts remains uncertain. This study utilized a large-scale dataset from an OIP to examine how performance-contingent material rewards influence the subsequent behaviors of online innovators. Employing a quasi-experimental design involving propensity score matching (PSM) and difference-in-differences (DID) analysis, we found that receiving performance-contingent material rewards led to a decrease in the quantity of subsequent ideas generated by innovators. However, these rewarded innovators produced ideas of higher quality. Interestingly, the novelty of ideas submitted by innovators declined following their receiving of rewards. Moreover, newly enlisted innovators exhibited a more positive response to these incentives. Our findings provide valuable insights for platform managers seeking to optimize incentive mechanisms. We suggest adopting diversified incentive approaches and refining incentive strategies to effectively motivate continuous innovation among users on OIPs.

Building digital literacy through exploration and curation of emerging technologies

People readily consume an ever-growing range of emerging technologies while largely unaware of their lack of control over the impact that such networking, devices, data, and processes have on their lives. Since college-educated people are huge consumers of digital products and are expected to participate in networked learning, it is critical to foster student development of an expanded understanding of digital literacy. To address this challenge, we have created instructional materials for instructor and student use of the internationally known repository, “Fabric” of Digital Life (https://fabricofdigitallife.com/). This research comes as the result of collaboration between the University of Minnesota’s Emerging Technology Research Collaboratory (ETRC, https://etrc.umn.edu/), a research group for investigating emerging technologies, and Fabric of Digital Life (https://fabricofdigitallife.com/) and its affiliated Decimal Research Lab at Ontario Tech University. Together, functioning as a collaborative in support of networked learning, we invite and facilitate research on building student digital literacy through examination, contribution, and/or curation of collections regarding emerging technologies. From Spring 2019 to the present, 13 instructors and associated students across nine institutions have developed and are using a set of instructional materials for student exploration and/or curation of collections in this repository. This paper documents initial instructor discussion and study of student development of digital literacy as a result of use and/or curation of Fabric collections on emerging technologies and the discourses surrounding them. We are beginning to study the abilities that students draw upon when exploring the collections and when determining which artifacts might be included in current collections as well as new collections that might be developed. Collaborative interaction with the editorial team at Ontario Tech University not only enhanced the repository content and development of instructional resources, it also further evolved the metadata for Fabric for external users and the public. At its core, this research examines the potential development of digital literacy through the act of exploring and curating collections on emerging technologies. Critical to this core is the networked learning collaborative in place to foster and support this work.

HCFAIUN: A novel hyperelliptic curve and fuzzy extractor-based authentication for secure data transmission in IoT-based UAV networks

IoT-based UAV networks comprise interconnected UAVs outfitted with sensors and microcontrollers to simplify data exchange in environments such as smart cities. In light of open-access communication landscapes, IoT-based UAV networks could pose security challenges, encompassing authentication vulnerabilities and the inadvertent disclosure of location and other confidential information to unauthorised parties. Henceforth, we have proposed a lightweight and secure authentication protocol: Hyperelliptic Curve and Fuzzy Extractor based Authentication in IoT-based UAV networks (HCFAIUN) leveraging Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptography(HCC), Fuzzy Extractor (FE), XOR operations and hash functions. HCC's maximum key size is 80 bits, differing from the 160-bit requirement of the elliptic curve, making it apt for UAVs with limited resources. The proposed scheme utilises biometrics traits of users to avoid exposing data from stealing smart devices using FE. This protocol facilitates the mutual authentication of users and UAVs, allowing them to exchange a session key for secure communication. The Hyperelliptic Curve (HC) scalar multiplication protects the user's private key from attackers, even in public channels. The obfuscation identity of the user and UAVs generated through the hash function and timestamp makes the external user and UAV anonymous. The efficacy of this proposed framework is examined using the Scyther verification tool and Random oracle model-based formal analysis, and informal analysis is also discussed, which validates its robustness against well-known potential physical and logical attacks. The performance analysis shows that the HCFAIUN scheme has lower computation, communication, and storage costs, i.e., 3.832 ms and 1456 bits and 1128 bits, respectively, compared to existing schemes.

THE ROLE OF ESG BUSINESS REPORTING IN WATER MANAGEMENT

The rational use of water resources by business structures requires the development of appropriate strategies and their adherence to the chosen policy in terms of management of these objects: drawing up programs and plans, introducing environmental protection actions, displaying the economic effect and documenting all transactions, minimizing negative impacts on the environment and presentation of the positive and negative consequences of the use of natural resources in the format of ESG reporting, which discloses information about the activities of companies in the field of Environmental aspects, Social responsibility and Corporate Governance. This practice positions companies as an active participant in sustainable development and allows them to increase their own ratings, which makes it possible to have advantages in attracting investments and targeted financing, increasing one's own competitiveness due to improved trust in such companies, etc. Improving the quality of information in ESG reporting on water resources management and related processes allows stakeholders to receive complete and reliable information when making management decisions. On the basis of the study of ESG reporting of 8 corporations from Ukraine in terms of the use of water resources during the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development, positive and problematic practices of companies were identified when preparing the necessary data for reporting. During this analysis, the experience and legislative guidelines on the exploitation of water resources and the use of ecological and economic accounting of water in the countries were taken into account. In addition, approaches to applying the level of materiality in ESG reporting were analyzed when reporting in this format. The results of the study made it possible to rank the elements of water resources management of economic entities according to the rule of materiality of data in ESG reporting and to propose an algorithm for compiling ESG reporting in the part of water resources management, taking into account the level of materiality. The article substantiates the directions of providing companies with adequate information on water resources management measures and reflecting such practices in ESG reporting to meet the needs of internal and external users. The directions of further scientific research in the field of reporting on the use of water resources by various business entities are also outlined. A critical analysis of the peculiarities of ESG reporting in the area of water resources management can provide an opportunity for top managers of domestic companies to improve the quality of financial and non-financial information, which, in turn, will contribute to the improvement of the corporate governance system on the one hand, and on the other hand, improve the satisfaction of information users. requests of all stakeholders when making their own management decisions.

The Meise Botanic Garden Herbarium Data Management Plan

This Data Management Plan outlines a comprehensive strategy for handling, storing, and sharing of data generated by digitisation projects of the herbarium at Meise Botanic Garden with Index Herbarium code BR. Its purpose is to establish clear guidelines for both staff and external users, specifying the terms governing data usage and storage. It aims to prioritise the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable), ensure responsible data management, facilitate long-term preservation, uphold legal and ethical obligations, all while aligning with the research excellence mission of Meise Botanic Garden. This plan serves as a guiding document to effectively and efficiently achieve these goals.

An Enhanced Model for Intrusion Detection in a Cloud Computing Environment

Intrusion is an important issue in computer networks especially in cloud computing where all the services are served using the internet. The fully distributed and open structure of cloud computing and services has made it an even more attractive target for potential intruders. The more sophisticated hackers and attackers get, the more there is work for the defense to prevent such attacks. A cloud computing system can be exposed to threats which include the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of its resources, its data, and the virtualized infrastructure can be vulnerable. The problem becomes bigger when an internal intruder misuses a cloud with massive computing power and storage capacity as a malicious party. This research developed an enhanced model for intrusion detection that monitors and analyzes data in a cloud environment and detects intrusion in the system or network. The model can detect intrusions from external and malicious internal (authorized and unauthorized) users by normalizing and classifying all data packets using machine learning techniques. The developed system is an enhanced model of Zhang by combining it with two machine learning techniques: Support vector machine and Bayesian network to aid in the classification of normal data and intrusion data to detect intrusions. The developed model is evaluated and found to be able to make strong predictions, detect attacks, and still maintain the efficiency of the network. The system, when implemented, can detect intruders by classification of data packets and also improve the existing system in terms of providing more accurate and more efficient intrusion detection. It also provides worthwhile information about malicious network traffic, helping to identify the source of the incoming probes or attacks, collecting forensic evidence that can be used to identify intruders, and alerting security personnel that a network invasion may be in progress.

Construction of explanations at the local level of decision-making process representation for internal users of the intelligent system

The subject of study in the article is the processes of constructing explanations for the obtained results and the sequence of decision-making actions in an intelligent information system. The goal is to develop an approach to constructing explanations at the local level of representation of the decision-making process of an intelligent system based on building temporal and causal dependencies, which creates conditions for identifying "bottlenecks" of this process when representing the intelligent system as a "gray" box. Tasks: development of an explanation model at the local level of representation for internal users of an intelligent system; development of a method for constructing explanations at the local level of representation of the decision-making process of an intelligent system. The approaches used are: methods of constructing explanations, approaches to constructing temporal knowledge. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows. An explanation model at the local level of representation of the decision-making process for internal users of an intelligent information system has been developed. The model uses a combination of temporal dependencies that determine the linear sequence of process actions and causal rules-constraints that specify mandatory actions performed for all variants of the decision-making process. The proposed model creates conditions for identifying actions that limit the normal execution of the decision-making process and lead to results that do not meet the requirements of external users. A method for constructing explanations at the local level of representation of the decision-making process of an intelligent system has been developed. The method involves identifying temporal dependencies between pairs of consecutive states of the current decision-making process, selecting temporal dependencies that are performed for all variants of the decision-making process, and forming causal dependencies based on them. Using the method makes it possible to present decision-making constraints as an explanation, which creates conditions for identifying bottlenecks in the sequence of actions for obtaining a result in an intelligent system.

Increasing school building usage through adaptable building design: A quantitative sustainability assessment

While school buildings have the potential to form the hearth of a local community, they currently remain unused for longer periods of time out of school hours in several regions. To exploit this large sustainability potential, school buildings must be able to allow for a flexible building usage. First, this study explores whether letting school infrastructure to external users can be economically profitable. Second, it tackles the knowledge gap on how ventilation systems can facilitate a short- and medium-long-term flexible building usage in a sustainable manner, which is essential to achieve a more extensive school building usage. To answer these research questions, a case study is carried out which includes a flexible building usage that based on the needs of educational stakeholders. The results of the profitability analyses indicate that it is possible for schools to yield substantial profits over a period of 20 years and that the financial risks are low. Next, a life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost assessment (LCCA) are carried out on three different ventilation strategies. It is found that a decentralized balanced mechanical ventilation system has the lowest environmental impact and life cycle cost, since this system requires few adaptions during the study period. The mechanical exhaust ventilation system has the highest environmental impact, while the centralized balanced mechanical ventilation system has the highest life cycle cost. An important insight of this sustainability assessment is that the material-related impact increases in a flexible context and that it sometimes outweighs the energy-related impact.