External Supply Sources Research Articles

E-Recruitment - An Innovative Beginning to Green Environment

The staff is the sole element that is essential to an organization. Any organization's equipment is its human resources. If the organization wants to survive in this cutthroat climate, they must filter applicants based on their abilities, qualifications, and experience. They must take into account a nation's economic, social, political, and legal considerations when hiring personnel. They must select the best internal and external supply sources if they are to compete effectively with other organizations. Promotion within the company will boost employee confidence and morale. Regular inquiries into external sources are necessary to attract knowledgeable individuals with innovative ideas. There are numerous methods for hiring people. People are now hired using a method called erecruitment, as a result of globalization, which has led to the development of a lot of new technologies and ideas. The administration of human resources is greatly impacted by the internet. The selection, training, and induction processes for human resources are all carried out through online media. With the introduction of the electronic recruitment procedure, job seekers may now apply for positions and track the status of their applications online. This research paper's objective is to ascertain how the E-campus recruits’ students’ online. The report outlines the whole E-recruitment process, recruitment techniques, and benefits and drawbacks.

Optimal replenishment and transshipment management with two locations

AbstractWe study the problem of optimally managing an inventory system with backorders over a finite time horizon where the objective is minimization of expected total discounted costs. The system consists of two locations each stocking the same product. At the beginning of each time period decisions are made about replenishment at each location and about any quantity to transship between the locations before demand is observed. Leveraging the L♮‐convexity of the problem's cost function; we characterize the optimal replenishment and transshipment policy for this system. More specifically, we show the optimal policy can be described using switching curves monotone in the system state. We also discuss two extensions. For a lost‐sales model, we establish L♮‐convexity and apply it to characterize the optimal policy, simplifying the analysis found in previous work. In the other extension, we investigate the optimal policy for a partial transshipment problem where only one location orders from the external supply source and then transships to the other location.

Price Policy as a Direction of Provision in the Oil and Gas Sector's Resource Efficiency

In this study it is proved that today the economy of Ukraine depends on external sources of supply of these energy resources, which negatively affects its energy security. Ways to overcome this dependence are: development and expansion of own oil and gas production; implementation of energy-saving measures at processing enterprises; a departure from primary resource processing and a reorientation of the economy to high-tech products; diversification of supply sources of energy resources. In view of the above, managing the effective development of Ukraine's oil and gas sector is an actual scientific issue that needs to be addressed. So the practical aspects of implementing the Leontiev's input-output model based on the activity of the oil and gas sector were further developed, which, unlike the existing ones, made it possible to establish a relationship between the pricing policy of the industries and their resource efficiency.

Grid Synchronization Technology by Sensing Frequency and Voltage

In this project, we reflect the development of system to have the synchronization failure of any external supply source to the mains on sensing the abnormalities in frequency and voltage beyond acceptable range. Grid synchronization is an important part. There are some power generating units connected to micro grid such as solar, wind or inverter to supply power to the load. This unit need supply power according to the rules of grid. This rules involve maintaining voltage within specified limit and frequency too. In this project, we are planning to implement microcontroller based system to detect the failure and monitor wirelessly with the help of wireless communication devices such as ZigBee.

THE MAGNETIC ELECTRICITY GENERATOR AND ITS APPLICATION IN WIND TURBINES

A permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. Permanent magnet generators generate electricity with the inside magnets that can be used to power other electric devices. A PMSG is a generator, where the excitation field is provided by a permanent magnet instead of a winding coil. In this generator/device the rotor windings have been replaced with permanent magnets. Its rotor is consisting of the permanent that generates a field for excitation and replaces the external supply source for the generator. In most of power generation plants, the synchronous generator is used. Now days synchronous generator is used in all types of turbines for e.g. steam turbine, gas turbine and hydro turbine etc. The Permanent Magnet Generator uses the magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet to convert mechanical energy into electrical power. It can be able to generate an AC current, with which it can able to power the whole engine and charge the battery. This study helps to understand the working and application of Permanent Magnet Generator in a windmill turbine.

Side streams from the vegetable oil production as feedstock for surfactants and treir derivative technical systems

This work conducts a technical analysis of the current production and consumption of vegetable oils and some of the oily byproducts to determine the potential feedstock for the synthesis of non-food-competitive surfactants and surfactant-based systems. It defines the concentrated phosphatides (phosphatidic sludge) as no-/low- value streams, appropriately suited for chemical valorisation. The study further creates biobased surfactants by amidation of phosphatidic sludge derived from refinery of sunflower and rapeseed oils with monoethanolamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, or N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, under the action of calcium hydroxide as catalyst in excellent yields (95–98 %). Besides waste remediation, the use of phosphatides enabled to create the mixed surfactant compositions, comprising fatty acid alkanolamides and calcium glycerolphosphatides with improved solubility in organic non-polar solvents. With new surfactants, there have been created reversed emulsion systems, which can be potentially applied to the development and exploitation of gas and oil deposits are recommended for drilling wells, the disclosure of productive strata; perforation of wells and development of productive layers; blockage of gas, gas condensate and oil wells; elimination of manifestations and flow of gas in wells; limitation and elimination of waterways; cleaning of the hollow zone of wells and intensification of the inflow of hydrocarbon raw materials, which have been tested in laboratory and experimental industrial conditions, and a significant part of them have been introduced or tested on gas condensate fields. Creation of coordinated, effective and economical actions that should be formed in the state energy policy of Ukraine would facilitate the development of oil and gas companies, namely: increase of own oil and gas production; maximizing the potential of energy saving; diversification of external sources of supply; approximation of the parameters of the oil and gas industry to the norms and standards of the European Union.

India’s Quest for Energy Security: Understanding the Trends and Challenges

India’s energy security is intricately linked to economic and population growth, accessibility, availability, affordability, and supply and demand. India’s quest for energy security is going slow and after a late start. India embraced various domestic efforts and has drawn up supplier relationships around the globe in coal, oil, gas, nuclear, hydroelectric power, and renewable energy. It appears India is not likely to be fully independent of external sources of supply for its energy requirements in the short-term and medium-term. There is no major technological breakthrough in alternative energy to free the country from its energy predicament, thus, India needs to adopt multi-dimensional strategic energy security approaches. In the absence of major oil and gas reserves in Indian territory, the country may be forced down a perilous path that includes a massive increase in the use of coal, associated with environmental concerns, and increasing dependence on external sources. The key focus of the study is to examine the key concerns, trends, challenges, and various options available to India to face the challenges in energy security.

POWER GRID SYNCHRONIZATION FAILURE DETECTION AND RECOVERY

As the power grid failure problems continue to persist in the country, need arises to make it more efficient and effective. This is a demonstration devised to provide such kind of a system that could detect the failure in synchronous working of the power grid in case any external supply source that is supplying to the grid is encountering any kind of abnormalities may be in current levels, voltage levels, temperature and oil level. There are various generation units that usually supply power to the grids such as thermal plants, solar plants, hydro-electric plants etc. All the generation units that connect to the grid have to obey the rules or standards laid down for the operation of a grid. These rules involve maintaining of voltage variation, current variation, oil-level variation and temperature variation within these specified limits. If there are any kind of abnormalities or deviations from the acceptable limits laid down by the grid, it then gets crucial that the particular feeding source should get automatically disconnected from the entire grid temporarily, this process is widely termed islanding. This would prevent large scale occurrences of events of black outs. Hence it would be beneficial and wise if we could have a system that would be so efficient that it could issue intimations about the potential variations in the arrangements and in addition provide the exact distance of the fault location on a feeder line from the base grid and keep the particular source temporarily on a standby basis while this process takes place. Variation of the system voltage should be around +-5% as per central electricity authority of India Regulations, 2010. This paper is an approach on devising out a system that helps the grid resolve problems related to black out situations hence making it a smart grid.

Rice in West Africa: Dynamics, policies and trends

Rice is a staple in the African diet. The commodity accounts for 25% of overall cereal consumption, second only to maize. Over the past 20 years, West Africa has specifically experienced a large surge in rice consumption. Although local production has progressed, through the expansion of planted areas and improvement in yields, Africa's rice production remains insufficient to cover the rising needs that are driven by demographic growth, the increase in per capita consumption and urbanization. The continent, that was 80 per cent self-sufficient for rice in the 1960s, now covers only 60 per cent of its needs. Import volumes have boomed over the past 20 years, especially in West Africa. Due to its dependence on external supply sources, West Africa is exposed to instability on the international market. The 2008 price crisis constituted a significant shock, especially for the most deprived strata of the population. The crisis, however, led to positive reactions by private and public actors, including the adoption of new policies to support and develop domestic rice production. More or less ambitious initiatives were launched, and met with some initial success. However, the trend is weakening as rice imports have been increasing anew since 2010. Today, West Africa remains the major rice importing region, accounting for 20% of global imports.

India’s Energy Security

The story of India’s search for energy security may be summarized as: a late start, lots of catching up to do. India’s planners have realized that rapid economic growth, which has begun to be taken for granted by the public, depends on the availability of energy. Coupled with the single-minded and successful efforts of the other big emerging nation, China, in locking up energy supplies, the realization dawned that India needed to redouble its own efforts. The result has been a number of efforts to tie up supplier relationships around the globe in a variety of areas: oil, natural gas, nuclear, and also hydro-electric power from neighbors. Unfortunately, these efforts have not been as successful as China’s efforts.In the medium term, it still appears as though India is going to be dependent on external sources of supply of hydrocarbons for its energy needs.There is perhaps a lack of strategic intent. There is no clearly-articulated idea that energy is something that Indian fully intends to capture, whatever the cost. Therefore, India’s energy security does not look very assured, and the Chinese are considerably more successful in their quest for energy. If there are no major oil and gas finds in Indian territorial waters, India may be forced down a perilous path that includes a massive increase in the use of coal – with the attendant environmental issues – as well as increasing dependence on nuclear power. On the other hand, if there are some technological breakthroughs in alternative energy, India may be rescued from its predicament.

Identification of Equivalent Material Properties for 3-D Numerical Modeling of Induction Heating of Ferromagnetic Workpieces

This paper presents a methodology to study nonlinear electromagnetic phenomena inside ferromagnetic pieces where eddy currents are driven by an external supply source in the medium frequency range. The proposed methodology takes, as reference, a nonlinear time-harmonic solution of the iron part and then identifies, by means of an optimization procedure, the magnetic permeability values of an equivalent layered linear material which would give the same value of Joule losses of the nonlinear case. This approach has been applied to a test configuration obtaining good results.

What's in a Name? How to Fight Terrorism

When, in the immediate aftermath of the September 1i attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, Secretary of State Colin Powell declared that the United States was with terrorism, he made a very natural but terrible and irrevocable error. Administration leaders have been trying to put it right ever since. What Powell said made sense if one uses the term against in the sense of a war against crime or against drug trafficking: that is, the mobilization of all available resources against a danger ous, antisocial activity, one that can never be entirely eliminated but can be reduced to, and kept at, a level that does not threaten social stability. The British in their time have fought many such wars-in Palestine, in Ireland, in Cyprus, and in Malaya (modern-day Malaysia), to mention only a few. But they never called them wars; they called them emergencies. This terminology meant that the police and intelligence services were provided with exceptional powers and were reinforced where necessary by the armed forces, but they continued to operate within a peacetime framework of civilian authority. If force had to be used, it was at a minimal level and so far as possible did not interrupt the normal tenor of civil life. The objectives were to isolate the terrorists from the rest of the community and to cut them off from external sources of supply. The terrorists were not dignified with the status of belligerents: they were criminals, to be regarded as such by the general public and treated as such by the authorities. To declare war on terrorists or, even more illiterately, on terrorism is at once to accord terrorists a status and dignity that they seek and that they do not deserve. It confers on them a kind of legitimacy. Do they qualify as befligerents? If so, should they not receive the protection of the laws of war? This protection was something that Irish terrorists always demanded, and it was quite properly refused. But their demands helped to muddy the waters and were given wide credence among their supporters in the United States.

Control and optimal control of assemble to order manufacturing systems under heavy traffic

We do a heavy traffic analysis of the optimal control of a classical manufacturing and inventory process, called Assemble-to-Order. Demand consists of one or more final products, each requiring either one or several of each of various part types. The intervals between demands are random and might occur either singly or in batches. The part types are produced by dedicated processors, with random production times. Unneeded parts of each type are stored in a finite buffer. When a demand for a final product arrives, if all needed parts are available, the product is assembled and delivered. Otherwise, the demand can either be lost or backlogged. Control is exercised by idling the processors or possibly via external supply sources. Thorough analyses of a great variety of problem formulations of the optimal control problem are given. The general limit problem is what is called a singular control problem, or a combination of the singular and impulsive control problems. New issues in heavy traffic analysis arise. The processes might not be tight in the Skorohod topology and non-classical questions can arise in the computation of reflection directions. Extensions to unreliable processors are given. The basic results assert the convergence of the optimal costs for the physical problem to that for the weak sense limit problem, and that the weak sense limit optimal control problem provides good approximations to the physical problem. Numerical methods for solving the limit problem are available and show the possible improvement in performance. The resulting optimal controls are quite reasonable, but are not of the threshold type

Unsteady free flow to an observation well from a semi-confined leaky aquifer

This paper presents an analytical solution to the problem of unsteady free flow of water from a leaky confined aquifer, fed by an external supply source and draining into a ditch. Both the non-homogeneous governing equation and the boundary conditions are converted to Sturm-Liouville problems. The closed form solution so obtained is significant because it not only illustrates the process of groundwater recharge and depletion, but can constitute a bench-test for numerical models.

The food deficits problem in the Arab Maghreb union: present state and future perspectives

Abstract This paper investigates the scope of the problem of food deficits within the recently‐established Arab Maghreb Union (U.M.A.). Various agricultural options pursued by the member states have been unequal to the aim of achieving food self‐sufficiency. Thus, the inability of agriculture to meet the basic needs of a growing population has led to increasing reliance on external sources of supply. Natural constraints, inadequate inputs and neglect of rural areas account, to a wider extent, for the poor performance of their agriculture. Limited financial resources and widespread social discontent have left no option to the U.M.A. partners than that of exploring regional potentialities in the short and long terms alike.

An evacuated emission detector with external supply source for recording ? radiation in nuclear reactors

An evacuated emission detector with external supply source for recording ? radiation in nuclear reactors

Comparing responses to the energy problem in four countries: A synthesis

This paper examines the effects of increased energy prices in four countries—Japan, Brazil, Hungary, and the United States—that are heavily dependent on foreign sources of energy. A general discussion of the difficulty of designing effective energy policy is followed by a comparison of the particular institutional responses in each of the four countries. Emphasis is placed on the problems raised by the future uncertainty of imported energy supplies and long-term prices. The response to these problems consists of policies directed toward better control of external sources of supply, expanded productive capacity, and more centralized decision making in the energy sector.