External Specialists Research Articles

Recruitment agencies and unethical client requests: the ‘loyal matchmaker’ dilemma

Abstract This research focuses on (non-)compliance with unethical requests in the context of external recruitment specialists and their susceptibility to the ‘loyal matchmaker’ dilemma. A total of 176 Israeli recruitment specialists were presented with ethical dilemmas in which a client makes an unethical request. The focal point of ethical obligation was measured based on the Basic Human Values theory. Results indicated direct and indirect connections with the readiness to comply with unethical requests. Conformism with agency rules exhibited a positive connection with compliance. Benevolence and universalism led to decreased readiness to comply with unethical requests, although this behaviour was contingent on the particular situation. Recruitment specialists who are high in self-direction altered their readiness to comply based on the stakeholders. By highlighting the difficulties faced by recruitment specialists vis-à-vis rooting their obligations to clients and job-seeking candidates in ethical standards, the results of this study have important theoretical and practical implications.

경도 지적장애학생의 성문제 해결을 위한 특수학급 교사와 외부 전문가의 협력 경험

본 연구는 경도 지적장애학생의 성문제 해결을 위해 협력한 경험이 있는 특수교사와 외부 전문가들을 대상으로 이들의 협력 경험, 협력에 대한 인식, 그리고 바람직한 협력 방안을 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 연구 참여자는 경도 지적장애학생의 성문제 해결을 위해 1년 이상 협력한 경험이 있는 특수교사 3명과 외부 전문가 4명을 선정하였고, 자료 수집은 개별 면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 본 연구를 통해 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경도 지적장애학생의 성문제가 발생하면 특수교사는 문제 해결을 위해 외부 전문가와 다양한 방법으로 협력하고 있었다. 둘째, 특수교사와 외부 전문가의 협력을 통해 학생에 대한 다양한 지원이 이루어질 수 있었지만, 예산 부족, 협력 지침의 부재 등 환경적 요인으로 인해 어려움이 존재하였다. 셋째, 특수교사와 외부 전문가들은 협력을 통해 경도 지적장애학생의 성문제 지도에 대한 전문성 향상 등의 긍정적인 변화를 경험할 수 있었다. 마지막으로, 특수교사와 외부 전문가들은 보다 효과적인 협력을 위해 구성원들의 역할과 책무성 규정, 교육 및 연수 프로그램의 제공이 필요하다고 하였다. 무엇보다도, 경도 지적장애학생의 성문제 해결을 위해서는 특수교사와 외부전문가와의 공식적인 협력 시간 확보, 예산 확보 등의 환경적인 지원과 협력팀 구성 및 운영에 관한 매뉴얼 개발 등의 협력 체제가 요구된다.

Extensional Higher-Order Paramodulation in Leo-III

Leo-III is an automated theorem prover for extensional type theory with Henkin semantics and choice. Reasoning with primitive equality is enabled by adapting paramodulation-based proof search to higher-order logic. The prover may cooperate with multiple external specialist reasoning systems such as first-order provers and SMT solvers. Leo-III is compatible with the TPTP/TSTP framework for input formats, reporting results and proofs, and standardized communication between reasoning systems, enabling e.g. proof reconstruction from within proof assistants such as Isabelle/HOL. Leo-III supports reasoning in polymorphic first-order and higher-order logic, in all normal quantified modal logics, as well as in different deontic logics. Its development had initiated the ongoing extension of the TPTP infrastructure to reasoning within non-classical logics.

To the anniversary of Vera Vasilyevna Kiryanova

October 20, 2021 celebrates the anniversary of the well-known physiotherapist of the country Vera Vasilyevna Kiryanova, professor of the Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, head of the Research Laboratory of High Laser and Magnetic Technologies of the North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, an external specialist in physiotherapy of St. Petersburg, President of the Expert Group of the Association for Physical Therapy and Medical Rehabilitation, expert on lasers and laser technologies of Russia, Chairman of the Attestation Commission for Physical Therapy of Russia.

Improving the effectiveness of tobacco use cessation (TUC)

This paper includes an update of a Cochrane systematic review on tobacco use cessation (TUC) in dental settings as well as narrative reviews of possible approaches to TUC and a more detailed discussion of referral for specialist TUC services. On the basis of these reviews we conclude that interventions for tobacco users in the dental setting increase the odds of quitting tobacco. However, the evidence is derived largely from patients using smokeless tobacco. Pharmacotherapy (such as nicotine replacements, bupropion and varenicline) is recommended for TUC in medical settings but has received little assessment in dental applications, although such evidence to date is promising. Whether the dental setting or referral to specialist TUC services is the most effective strategy to help people to quit tobacco use is unclear. An effective specialist service providing best available TUC care alone may not be the answer. Clearly, such services should be both accessible and convenient for tobacco users. Closer integration of specialist services with referrers would also be advantageous in order to guide and support oral health professionals make their referral and to maximise follow-up of referred tobacco users. Future research direction may consider investigating the most effective components of TUC in the dental settings and community-based trials should be a priority. Pharmacotherapy, particularly nicotine replacement therapy, should be more widely examined in dental settings. We also recommend that various models of referral to external and competent in-house TUC specialist services should be examined with both experimental and qualitative approaches. In addition to overall success of TUC, important research questions include facilitators and barriers to TUC in dental settings, preferences for specialist referral, and experiences of tobacco users attempting to quit, with dental professionals or specialist services, respectively.

THE ACCOUNTING SYSTEM AS THE BASIS FOR ORGANISING ENTERPRISE CYBERSECURITY

Abstract. The increasing number of cyberattacks as part of the hybrid influence on social and economic processes and the threat of confidential information leaks dictate the need to ensure cybersecurity for enterprises, sectors and branches of the economy. Since most economic information is produced by the accounting system, its cybersecurity is a priority. The review of literature on enterprise cybersecurity has indicated that the researchers increasingly define the accounting system as the target of cybersecurity measures. This approach is scientifically limited, as it does not consider that the accounting system may be the subject ensuring the cybersecurity of enterprises in the conditions of rapid development of latest computer and communication technologies. The aim of the article is to investigate the prospects of organising accounting when it is acting as the subject in a platform for ensuring the cybersecurity of enterprises. It is substantiated that accounting should be used as the basis for ensuring cybersecurity, given that accounting is the main producer of economic information, much of the accounting information is confidential, modern accounting specialists are qualified in multiple different areas of expertise, numerous cyberattacks are perpetrated via accounting software, and the regulatory nature of accounting standards pertaining to information processes. The prospects of reorganising the accounting department of enterprises and transforming the operational responsibilities of accounting specialists to focus on ensuring the cybersecurity of enterprises are explored. It is proposed to use the accounting policy of the enterprise and the internal regulations linked to it as the basis for the development of cybersecurity regulations. The necessity of introducing permanent security audit to accounting and control activities of the enterprise is proved. It proposed that internal controllers (accountants) or external specialists from audit firms monitor and test the cybersecurity system of enterprises that will facilitate efficient prevention, avoidance and elimination of information barriers and threats to the effective operation of economic entities. Keywords: accounting, cybersecurity, security audit, information security, information risks and barriers, accounting policy. Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 19.

Perspectives of primary school staff who work with children with additional needs: Insights that may help to improve support for visually impaired children

Educational support for children with visual impairments (VIs) at school relies on effective information-sharing between hospital eye services and schools. There may be delays in this process which impede school staff’s efforts to help affected children. As part of a programme of work aiming to improve outcomes for children with cerebral visual impairments (CVIs), this study carried out qualitative interviews to understand the views of primary school staff about receiving and using external specialist advice in general. These data can be used to inform and improve information-sharing aimed at supporting children in primary school who have VI. Views of primary school teachers and staff with responsibility for supporting children with additional needs were elicited in nine interviews, across three mainstream primary school settings in Gloucestershire, UK. Interviews were carried out in October 2017. Participants were asked about their experiences of working with children with additional needs and engaging with outside specialist providers. Thematic analysis was used to look for patterns in the data. Interviews revealed four major themes: understanding the condition (including training, individual differences, and understanding the aim of the strategy); translating reports into action (including adaptations to recommendations, team working, and communication formats); follow-up (including feedback and measuring progress); and barriers and opportunities for accessing support (including systematic barriers, going private, and ideal scenarios). This small study provides insights into how teachers and school staff perceive the relationship with external specialists. Services for children with VI in primary schools may be enhanced if they provide information about the impact of VI; about the underlying conditions if known, training and awareness activities for staff and offer a route for follow-up or enquiries. These insights can be used to inform service design and policy.

Measurement-Based Care in the Pediatric Primary Care Setting.

Challenges associated with the integration of pediatric mental health care in the primary care setting include limitations of training and time, high volume of patients, need for coordination with external specialists, limited infrastructure, and limited funding. All of these issues can negatively influence the quality of mental health service delivery. Measurement-based care (MBC) processes have the potential to mitigate many of these challenges and generate data, allowing practices to evaluate and improve the performance of integrated mental health processes. Implementing MBC requires initial investment of staff resources for planning and training and information technology resources.

Stages of safety risk assessment of civil servants

Purpose. The article explores the topical topic of assessing the security risk of public servants. One of the main responsibilities of public authorities is to protect national security, that is, to protect the country and the community from threats related to disorderly conduct and welfare. Relevance. The urgency of the problem of assessing the risk of public servants is to research and substantiate the appropriate methodology for the effectiveness of the assessment. The recommended methodology for risk assessment is unique in that the main focus is on the risks posed by persons having legitimate access to the assets of public authorities. It is simple, reliable, flexible and transparent. It can be used on its own or as a supplement to an existing risk assessment program. Although the guidance explains how to check the risks posed by a person to a valuable asset, it does not attempt to indicate which of these assets is the most important or which employee group may be the most threatening. Results. The recommended risk assessment methodology provides the basis for the work, but in order for this work to be successful in accordance with the methodology, it is necessary to identify appropriate positions in the public authority for professionals with their further access to the necessary information. The stages of the risk assessment process highlight the threat identification and vulnerability assessment. It has been established that the risk assessment process consists in the importance of following the risk assessment process step by step and the lack of assumptions about the final results. Therefore, the article examines the risk assessment process carried out at the appropriate levels. Conclusions. It turns out that risk assessments are most effective when they are an integral part of the risk management process. This helps to transform risk assessment into action. The best results are achieved when the risk assessment team is composed of: employees and security teams responsible for risk management, persons with deep knowledge of specific areas of activity of employees, external specialists in the field of risk assessment. To maximize the benefits of employee safety risk assessment: Risk assessment requires discussion and benefits from the exchange of views from various areas of government.

Corporate information systems in construction

Under continuous increasing competition, only companies that use the most optimal methods can survive and succeed. One of the most relevant and successful business models is outsourcing. It was developed by the Electronic Data System (EDS) Company in 1963. In the 1980s, the outsourcing became an effective way to optimize costs and increase profitability. In the 1990s, it was revealed that the outsourcing contributes to the rationalization of company structures and their activities focusing on the main subject and transferring peripheral, official functions to external specialists. The transition to the post-industrial economy contributed to the implementation of this method in data processing and company management systems.

For-Profit Nursing Homes in the Netherlands: What Factors Explain Their Rise?

This exploratory, mixed-methods study analyzes characteristics of the emerging for-profit nursing home industry in the Netherlands and identifies the interrelated set of factors (context, trends, and sector conditions) that contribute to its growth. Until recently, the Dutch nursing home sector relied almost exclusively on nonprofit providers. Even though profit distribution in nursing home care is still banned, the for-profit nursing home sector is expanding. The study uses economic theory on nonprofit organizations and mixed-form markets to understand this expansion. We find that changes in the regulatory framework have unlocked the potential of the for-profit nursing home sector, enabling for-profit nursing homes to circumvent the for-profit ban. The expansion of the for-profit sector was mainly driven by the low responsiveness of the nonprofit sector to increased and changed demands. For-profit providers took advantage of this void. Moreover, they exploited “cream-skimming” potential in the market and used the wider care system to reduce their labor costs by relying on external specialist care. Another main driver was the access to financial capital from private investors (e.g., private equity firms).

Thank You to Our 2019 Reviewers

AbstractPeer reviewing is the foundation of modern scholarship, with external specialists being asked to fairly check and evaluate submitted work. This difficult and often time‐consuming activity is performed voluntarily, with the understanding that one's own scholarship shall benefit down the line from a careful analysis of its assumption, results, accuracy, and yes, language, as we are now evaluating someone else's work. At Space Weather, we pride ourselves on a fair but quick review process yielding high‐quality articles with a time from submission to first decision of under one month. This would not be possible without the hard work of all our reviewers. Once a year, we take the occasion to name these women and men in order to thank them for their service to the journal and the community.

‘Driven in a Cart Pulled by Elephant and Horse Together’- the Perception of Government School Teachers about their Capacity Building through Public-Private Partnership

The purpose of this study is to identify the relevance and adequacy of capacity building initiatives from government school teachers’ point of view. The enrolment of students in government schools in India is dwindling due to poor teaching-learning practices and so to enhance the quality of education and supplement government’s efforts in capacity building of teachers a unique public -private partnership (PPP) based teacher mentor program has been initiated at Pune city in India. The data collected from both the survey and in-depth interview of fifty government school teachers were analyzed through framework approach to identify teachers’ perceptions on A) what according to them is effective capacity building, B) the perceived strengths and weaknesses of the ongoing PPP based training and C) their suggestions on the way forward. The findings reveal the deeper reasons for sub-optimal results despite the best intentions from both government and private partners. Metaphorically inferred, the PPP based capacity building is like an elephant and a horse pulling a cart together. Where ‘Elephant’ denotes the large, powerful yet bureaucratically slow placed government school system and ‘Horse’ represents the goals driven and fast-paced external (PNGE) specialist/ catalyst. The researchers hope that the insights from teachers’ ‘voices’ will help optimize the outcome envisaged by the PPP, and the findings will foster the advocacy for deep-rooted policy changes. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.1.2

Advice‐seeking and advice‐utilization for hiring decisions: An investigation of a partially outsourced recruitment process for rank‐and‐file managers

We study a large‐scale, partially outsourced recruitment process. A specialized consultancy assesses applicants' soft‐skills on behalf of a client firm, who retains agency over the hiring decision. We conceptualize this collaboration as an advice‐seeking, advice‐utilization process and analyze the effectiveness of hiring recommendations provided in influencing the client's hiring decisions. Two external HR specialists not only differ in their soft skill ratings, but also differ in their aggregation of these ratings into their hiring recommendations. The consultants' recommendations are particularly helpful in separating very suitable from clearly unsuitable candidates but are less effective in the mid‐tier of the skill distribution.

Рефлексивный обзор работы семинара Ученого совета Института философии РАН «Современные проблемы философии истории»

a decision to launch special seminar of The Academic Council. It was named “Modern problems of the philosophy of history” and headed by Nikolay I. Lapin, who defined the seminar as a problem-seeking. 12 meetings over two years were dedicated to the most significant and relevant questions of philosophy of history. In particular, in several reports authors considered such issues as threats and opportunities for this scientific field in modern Russia, proved necessity, importance and relevance, stated multidisciplinary value of such researches, gave new vision of classical and non-classical problems of philosophy of history. Focus area for the further research is identified. General to findings and results are contributed by the Institute of Philosophy’s researchers and external specialists.

The Role of United Territorial Communities in the Development Foreign Economic Activity of Agricultural Producers

The paper describes the mechanism of cooperation between the united territorial communities and agricultural producers. An example of the activities of a particular rural territorial community identifies the benefits of such cooperation for each participant. In particular, the most important positive results for the united territorial communities are the development of employment of the local population; development of social and rehabilitation of industrial infrastructure; an increase in the average wage; reducing the rate of migration of young people. The system of measures to be taken by the united territorial community in order to stimulate the export operations of local agricultural producers is justified. The factors that should be taken into account by agricultural producers in the process of joint development of the strategy of entering the foreign market are identified: identification of the object and the country of export; study of legislation in the field of agricultural imports of the partner country; the possibility of involving an external specialist in foreign economic activity and international certification; search for a foreign partner; calculation of economic efficiency of the planned export operation; others. The export options are presented for certain agricultural producers, taking into account their modern specialization, the possibility of diversification of activities, the volume of agricultural lands, the export price for certain types of products, promising markets, and the available competitive advantages. The focus is on the expediency of exporting niche types of agricultural products, including white beans. In addition, the emphasis is placed on the need to consolidate the provisions of mutually beneficial parity cooperation and to determine the parameters of a concrete positive effect of such cooperation for the united territorial community. Keywords: agricultural producer, export, foreign economic activity, united territorial community.

Outcomes of administrative involuntary hospitalization: A national retrospective cohort study in Japan.

BACKGROUNDTreatment for offenders with mental disorders is a key concern in public mental health. Provision of adequate psychiatric treatment is important for the offender and their community. An approach used in Japan to address this issue is administrative involuntary hospitalization. Under this scheme, a person at risk for harming themselves or others because of a mental disorder can be involuntarily hospitalized in a designated psychiatric hospital. However, this scheme does not include tracking of these patients after discharge. Although some data for administrative involuntary hospitalizations are available, it remains unclear what happens to these patients after discharge.AIMTo evaluate follow-up of patients under administrative involuntary hospitalization after discharge and obtain data for later comparisons with outcomes.METHODSWe used a retrospective design and conducted a national survey of administrative involuntary hospitalizations. Questionnaires were distributed to 939 facilities across Japan. The questionnaire collected data for selected involuntary hospitalization cases in the hospital on June 30, 2010 (census date), and the prognoses of each patient on a specified date in 2011 and 2012. We also asked about the treatment provided to each patient. We stratified patients by prognosis (good or poor), and used logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between treatment and prognosis.RESULTSWe received completed questionnaires from 292 facilities (response rate 31.1%); 105 facilities had no relevant patients. Our analysis included data for 394 patients with valid data. Official statistics indicated 1503 patients were under administrative involuntary hospitalization as at June 30, 2012, meaning the capture rate was 27.2%. Approximately a fourth (104/394) at 1 year, and a third (137/294) at 2 years after the census had unknown prognosis. Treatment content included multi-disciplinary team meetings (78.2% of patients), counseling by public workers (59.9%), and discussion with external specialists (32.5%). Overall, 116 patients were categorized as having a good prognosis at 1 year, and 168 had a poor prognosis. At the 2-year point, 102 patients had a good prognosis and 150 had a poor prognosis. “Discussion with external specialists” was positively associated with a good prognosis at both 1 year (P = 0.016) and 2 years (P = 0.036).CONCLUSIONWe found that facilities in Japan currently have limited ability to track the prognoses of patients who were hospitalized involuntarily. Discussion with external specialists is associated with a good prognosis.

PRACTITIONER SUMMARY When does utilizing valuation specialists reduce auditors' litigation risk?

This article summarizes "The effects of specialist type and estimate aggressiveness on juror judgments of auditor negligence" (Brown, Grenier, Pyzoha, and Reffett 2019), which examines two critical factors auditors consider when auditing complex estimates: the type of specialist to engage and the relative aggressiveness of the estimate. In an experiment involving an alleged audit failure, jurors were less likely to find auditors negligent when the auditors consulted with a valuation specialist, but only when managements' estimate was deemed to be more aggressive. The study does not find similar litigation benefits of using a specialist for a less aggressive estimate. A second experiment extended these results by demonstrating jurors were less likely to find auditors negligent when the auditors consulted with an external rather than an internal specialist, because jurors perceived external specialists as having greater independence from the client. Further, the litigation benefits of using an external specialist extended to circumstances when auditors who initially engaged an internal specialist also brought in an external specialist to review the internal specialist's work. The study concludes that utilizing external specialists, to either test management estimates or to review internal specialists' work, can limit auditors' litigation exposure, especially when auditing aggressive management estimates.

When Does Utilizing Valuation Specialists Reduce Auditors' Litigation Risk?

SUMMARY This article summarizes “The Effects of Specialist Type and Estimate Aggressiveness on Juror Judgments of Auditor Negligence” (Brown, Grenier, Pyzoha, and Reffett 2019), which examines two critical factors auditors consider when auditing complex estimates: type of specialist to engage and relative estimate aggressiveness. In an experiment involving an alleged audit failure, jurors were less likely to find auditors negligent when the auditors consulted with a valuation specialist, but only when managements' estimate was more aggressive. The study does not find similar litigation benefits of using a specialist for a less aggressive estimate. A second experiment extended these results by demonstrating that jurors were less likely to find auditors negligent when the auditors consulted with an external rather than an internal specialist. Further, the benefits of using an external specialist extended to auditors who initially engaged an internal specialist and brought in an external specialist to review the internal specialist's work.

Knowledge and Attitude towards the Gradual Reduction of Salt in Bread – an Online Survey

Abstract Background Bread is one of the main sources of salt intake in Portugal. Based on this evidence, a protocol signed between national Health Sector and the Associations of Industrial Bakeries, in 2017, established gradually decrease salt in bread until 2021. This measure also targets schools’ available bread, this should not exceed 1g salt, to end of 2018. A pilot Health Impact Assessment (HIA) aims to assess the potential impact on salt reduction in bread on the eating habits of children (6-18 years) and their families. Methods A questionnaire is being performed to assess the effect of this measure. The first version was designed by a panel of 11 experts (content validity), following the plain text principles. A external specialist revised it for facial validity. A pilot was tested. Thereafter, a REDCap online survey of “Knowledge and Attitude towards the Gradual Reduction of Salt in Bread” questionnaire was finalized. The target group is the parents or guardians of children and young persons, of School Clusters in the south of Portugal. Results Final online survey totalizes 33 items, divided into four blocks: 1.Knowledge and General literacy data, 2.Domestic Consumption, 3.Scholar consumption and 4.Sociodemographic. An adult responsible for the child/young person should answer the survey. Access is possible through a REDCap link, using computers available in the School Cluster, or other manner suitable for the purpose. Conclusions This survey will contribute to the identification of modifiable behaviors related with salt intake. Such evidence may eventually provide the opportunity for new strategies in this area. Key messages Health Impact Assessment as a procedure to assess the effects of measures and policies on human health. Questionnaires are a rapid tool to access perceptions, attitudes and knowledge.