External Reinforcement Research Articles

Studying the Efficiency of Composite Longitudinal and Transverse Reinforcement for Increasing the Strength and Rigidity of Flexible Eccentrically Compressed Reinforced Concrete Poles

Introduction. In recent years, the use of composite materials for improving the operational properties of the building constructions within the restoration process is gradually replacing the methods, developed for this purpose in the middle of the XXth century and implying the use of reinforced concrete and metal. However, the regulatory framework stipulating the process of strengthening the loadbearing structures of buildings and structures was developed based on the insufficient amount of experimental data. Due to this fact, the large number of structures, exceeding the normative limits, cannot be strengthened with the composite materials, or such strengthening incurs significant economic costs. Thus, nowadays, the experimental studies on strengthening the reinforced concrete structures with composite materials are considered to be forward-looking and relevant. The aim of this study is to analyse the results of a number of experiments conducted to investigate the use and efficiency of composite materials in construction. Materials and Methods. To determine the level of stress in composite carbon materials of the external reinforcement of the eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete poles, the tests were carried out with four specimens. All specimens were strengthened using different reinforcement schemes. The strain gauges with 2cm active measuring grid length were installed in the zones of the most evident work of the composite materials to measure the changes of relative deformation at each load level during testing of the specimens. From 10 to 16 strain gauges were installed at each structure, depending on the importance of the zones for determining the deformations.Results. The work presents the results of the study on determining the efficiency of composite longitudinal and transverse reinforcement for increasing the rigidity and strength of flexible eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete poles. The experimental data on the composite materials’ strength, deflections and relative deformations, obtained during testing of four reinforced concrete poles, is presented. The efficiency of composite reinforcement at ultimate strength and ultimate deflections is assessed. The relative deformations in composite materials are determined and the inclusion of the reinforcement system in the work of the strengthened reinforced concrete specimens is assessed.Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, the analysis of the composite reinforcement efficiency has been carried out, and proposals have been developed on designing the reinforcement systems of the flexible eccentrically compressed reinforced concrete poles working with the large eccentricities of the load application.

Earthquake response of reinforced concrete frames with infill and active external confinement: Tests and dataset

One option to retrofit reinforced concrete (RC) frames is the construction of infill walls. Infill increases lateral strength and stiffness but tends to reduce drift capacity relative to bare frames. Few studies have quantified the reductions in drift demand attributable to infills prior to failure. This report summarizes data from experiments designed to compare drift demands of frames with and without infill. Included data come from two experimental programs completed at Purdue University which focused on the in-plane dynamic response of reduced-scale, non-ductile RC frames to uniaxial simulated earthquake ground motions. 254 dynamic tests were conducted on bare frames, frames with masonry infill walls, and frames with timber infill walls. In 11 of 14 test series, active confinement was applied to columns using external post-tensioned reinforcement. The complete dataset is open-access online on Zenodo, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6954967.

Comparing the efficiency of strengthening timber beams reinforced with carbon composite rods and plates

This study reports the results of experiments comparing the effect of structural reinforcement for timber beams strengthened with different carbon composite materials. Samples of one series were strengthened by gluing a carbon fiber plate from the outside to the face of the beam. The samples of the other series were strengthened by laterally gluing two carbon fiber rods inside the beam. According to the bending research program, the ultimate loads and deflections were determined for both series. As a result of the analysis of the results and comparison with unreinforced samples from the control series, the effect of beam reinforcement and the model of their destruction were determined. Studies have shown that the effect of external reinforcement with a plate was 86.7 % according to the criterion of full failure load, 20.5 % according to the criterion of ultimate load, 13.4 % according to the criterion of ultimate deflection. The effect of rod reinforcement was 48.6 %, 18.6 %, and 4.1 %, respectively. The theoretical analysis of the results showed a convergence of up to 8.2 % with the experimental results. External reinforcement with a plate compared to lateral gluing of rods showed better results due to the placement of the plate in the zone of maximum tensile stresses. This arrangement more effectively limited the spread of ultimate stresses and the development of cracks. The reinforcement parameters of the samples (materials, placement, percentage of reinforcement) were selected under the condition of the same theoretically predicted bearing capacity after reinforcement. However, comparative experimental studies have revealed differences in the processes of deformation and destruction of reinforced beams. The results will contribute to making rational project decisions and for choosing a relevant technique of strengthening timber beams with carbon composite materials

Assessment of structural performance of super large cross-section subsea RC shield tunnels: Emphasis on the combined effects of highly hydrostatic pressure and corrosion-induced deterioration

For the subsea reinforced concrete (RC) shield tunnels in China, the use of super large tunnel section and the presence of high hydrostatic pressure from seawater have been becoming increasingly common in practical engineering. However, owing to the combined effects of complex structural systems, extreme external loads and aggressive environments, it is a great challenge to sustain a reliable structural performance of these subsea shield tunnels within the prescribed service life. In this study, a novel approach for evaluating the structural safety of a deteriorated large-section subsea RC shield tunnel is presented with an emphasis on the spatial correlation and variation of corrosion damages and the impact of high hydrostatic pressure. Gumbel distributed random fields are established to simulate the spatial variability of steel corrosion in the segmental linings. A random field-based numerical model for the deteriorated RC segmental linings is developed in conjunction with the modeling of nonuniform steel corrosion and local-regional material degradation. In an illustrative example, the effects of the corrosion degree of internal and external steel reinforcements and the level of applied hydrostatic pressure on the structural safety of a large-section subsea RC shield tunnel are investigated.

A systematic review of methodologies for studying behavioral imprinting

AbstractBehavioral imprinting is a learning phenomenon by which animals acquire preferences for stimuli through perceptual exposure during critical periods, without substantial external reinforcement. Since being acknowledged in 1516 by Sir Thomas More in artificially incubated domestic chickens, imprinting has been reported in diverse species, across various sensory modalities, and during different life‐history stages. Due to this diversity, imprinting research uses highly varied methodologies, with distinctive differences between the methods employed for different types of imprinting. We systematically review relevant literature, identifying and describing the range of methodologies used to study imprinting across taxa and modalities. After compiling a representative dataset of 192 behavioral imprinting‐focused experiments, we categorize studies by imprinting sensory modality, focal species, ontogenetic stage addressed, and methods applied for both exposure and testing. The majority of studies in the sample focus on filial imprinting in precocial birds but nonfilial types, such as sexual or home range imprinting in altricial and non‐avian species, are also present, albeit at far lower proportions. Filial imprinting is studied across different sensory modalities, mostly through applying artificial stimuli, but nonfilial imprinting studies mainly use live animals as stimuli, without isolating the relevant sensory modalities. Most studies of filial imprinting measure preference by spatial proximity, following response, or the suppression of a fear response, whereas most studies of sexual imprinting employ the attempt frequency of sexual behaviors. Finally, we analyze the relative frequencies of methodological approaches in each imprinting category, to highlight potential biases due to uneven research effort rather than intrinsic biology. The patterns and biases in imprinting methodologies that we uncover hamper attempts to establish whether different forms of imprinting share mechanistic foundations, including whether imprinting constitutes a biologically meaningful learning category.

Flexural behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams comprising coarse and fine rubber and strengthened by CFRP sheets

Despite having many advantages, using rubber to produce reinforced concrete members like beams is still restricted. When there is more waste tire rubber in concrete structures, rubber concrete's flexural and compressive strengths gradually decrease. However, this study used steel fibers to improve compressive strength and externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets to increase flexural strength. Four groups of three reinforced concrete beams each were established for the study's use. The first and third groups of concrete beams used a volumetric replacement of fine and coarse aggregates with 5% and 10% waste tire rubber. However, steel fibers were added to the second and third groups at a rate of 1.25% of the concrete volume. Waste tire rubber and steel fibers were not replaced or added to the fourth group, the main reference group. The dimensions of each beam were 2.1×0.2×0.3 m. A concrete beam's first member is always free of external reinforcement, followed by its second member, which has one layer, and its third member, which has two layers of CFRP sheet. ABAQUS, a finite element analysis program, was used numerically to represent the third strengthening layer. The results showed that strengthening the reinforced rubberized concrete beams with a single layer of CFRP sheets increased the load at first crack and failure by 8.57% and 17.64%, respectively, compared to the unreinforced reference beam, compensating for the loss caused by the production of rubberized concrete and adding additional flexural strength. These loads increased by 31.43% and 26.45%, respectively, due to the steel fibers added to the beams containing these waste tire rubber. Strengthening with two layers of CFRP sheets increased the load at first crack and failure by 17.14 and 34.27, respectively. The steel fibers added to the beams that contained these amounts of waste tire rubber, on the other hand, caused these loads to increase by 42.86 and 49.23%, respectively. Strengthening with three layers numerically results in an exponential increase in load at the first crack and the failure by 8.03 and 52.88%, respectively. On the other hand, the loads on the beams that contained these quantities of waste tire rubber increased by 50.49% and 104.47%, respectively, when steel fibers were added to them.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НАПРЯЖЕННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ПЕРЕМЫЧЕК ГАЗОБЕТОННЫХ СОСТАВНЫХ

In this paper, the authors study the stress-strain state of composite jumpers made of aerated concrete blocks with steel reinforcement rods and external composite reinforcement when working in bending. Rod reinforcement of jumpers is carried out by inserting steel reinforcing bars into the body of aerated concrete in the longitudinal and transverse directions. Composite reinforcement is performed with carbon fiber tapes in the stretched edge of the element over the entire width, as well as parts of tapes on the flange sides of the aerated concrete block at the vertical seam or in the center of the element. The test results are assessed by comparing the strength of the normal section and the deformability of aerated concrete bending jumpers, the effectiveness of gluing carbon fiber tapes and aerated concrete, and the optimal use of various types of reinforcement. It has been established that external composite reinforcement at a load of up to 60% of the breaking load reduces the deformability of aerated concrete bending elements due to an increase in flexural rigidity, and at a load of more than 60% due to a change in the design scheme. Jumpers with rod reinforcement have a brittle nature of destruction, while those with external composite reinforcement fail plastically. In general, the load-bearing capacity of composite aerated concrete jumpers reinforced with external composite reinforcement is sufficient to withstand operational loads

Bond tests on concrete elements externally bonded with steel plates and assessment of bond strength models

The use of steel plates as externally bonded reinforcement for existing reinforced concrete (RC) elements can be still considered a reliable typology of strengthening intervention thanks to their relatively lower prices in comparison with fiber reinforced plastic materials, FRPs, largely used in the last decades, the ductile stress–strain behavior, and the high stiffness properties. Despite steel plates represented the first attempt of external strengthening for RC elements, design indications and practical execution rules concerning the use of such a technique nowadays are still very few. There is, indeed, a lack of experimental and theoretical studies in literature for predicting accurately the behavior of existing RC members externally strengthened with steel plates. In particular, special attention should be paid to the bond behavior at the steel–concrete interface, since it can strongly influence the performance of the strengthened elements. To this aim, an experimental campaign concerning bond tests on steel plates bonded over concrete elements and realized according to the single shear test set-up was carried out by the Authors. The experimental results are analyzed in the paper in terms of failure loads and modes, load–displacement behaviour, axial strain distributions along the steel plates, and distribution of shear stresses and slips. Then, the experimental results are compared with some well-known literature bond strength models for external FRP reinforcements in terms of failure load, transfer length and bond law. The comparisons with existing models in terms of debonding loads are developed also for an extended database of bond tests on steel plates available in literature and were prodromal to calibrate new coefficients specifically assessed for externally bonded steel plates.

Behavioral change readiness among obese adolescents in Jakarta, Indonesia

BACKGROUND Prochaska’s transtheoretical model of behavioral change process, consisting of stages and processes of change, should be monitored to evaluate obesity management, particularly in adolescents. Two of four processes of change are supporting relationships, which promote behavioral change, and weight management actions, which are activities that push individuals to a particular direction in patients’ weight loss progress. This study aimed to determine the participants’ current stages of change, nutritional status, and their relationship with the processes of change.
 METHODS This cross-sectional study used secondary data collected in 2018 from 115 obese adolescents aged 15–21 years in Jakarta, Indonesia, using an Indonesian-translated and validated questionnaire adapted from Andrés et al’s study. The questionnaire evaluated participants’ processes of change, focusing on scores of supporting relationships (5 items) and weight management actions (10 items).
 RESULTS Of the participants, 71.3% were classified as obese grade I, and 28.7% were obese grade II. Most participants were in the contemplation (31.3%) and action (31.3%) stages. The mean supporting relationships and weight management actions scores were different between participants with obese I and obese II (66.67 versus 80, p = 0.004; 64.17 versus 70, p = 0.008, respectively). Meanwhile, no differences were identified in supporting relationships and weight management actions scores in all stages of change.
 CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with obesity and higher BMI (based on the obesity grading of the WHO Asia Pacific) tended to have significantly higher scores for supporting relationships and weight management actions, indicating that external reinforcement and immediate weight loss actions played pivotal roles in readiness for behavioral change.

Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures by composite materials taking into consideration the carbonization of concrete

One of the main causes for deterioration of reinforced concrete structures in modern construction is corrosion of reinforcement. Corrosion leads to decrease of adhesion between reinforcement and concrete, formation of cracks and destruction of the protective layer of concrete. All this reduces the load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures. The structures of sludge reservoirs exposed to carbon dioxide were used as an object of the study. The characteristic defects and damages revealed by visual inspection were described. The verification calculation of the considered construction depending on the pH of the medium was performed on the basis of the results of technical inspection and study. The degree of carbon dioxide impact on the considered structures was determined by the phenolphthalein test method, which is based on the color change of acid-base indicator solution on the surface of concrete and reinforced concrete depending on the pH value of its medium. The phenolphthalein test revealed that pH of the medium is less than 8 for the depth more than the thickness of the concrete protective layer. A verification calculation of the considered structure was performed on the basis of the technical inspection results and the conducted research. According to the calculation results, a variant of beam reconstruction and strengthening using external reinforcement based on carbon fibers FibARM 230/150 was proposed. The reconstruction was carried out with account of the carbonized concrete layer.

Repair and Retrofit of Bridge structural elements: New Cementitious Materials

AbstractThe condition of infrastructure, the constant need to repair and maintain them and the increasing costs associated with the maintenance has led to the search for replacements for steel in new concrete infrastructure around the world. Further, alternatives for repair and strengthening of existing concrete structures ranging from the use of FRP as plates or fabrics wraps to the use of ultra‐high‐performance concrete (UHPC) elements as external reinforcements to achieve requisite strength and serviceability requirements are being attempted. The present study evaluates the performance of repaired/retrofitted structural concrete elements and sub‐assemblages damaged in flexure or shear using different repair schemes including those based on use of FRP plates or wraps, UHPC elements, etc., to restore the capacity of damaged structural concrete elements. An ANSYS based finite element model that accounts for both the constitutive properties of the primary structure in its damaged state and the repair material is used in this study to assess the different repair schemes. The analysis is shown to predict the test results very well. The importance of considering bond slip between rebar and surrounding concrete in the analysis is highlighted. Likewise, the consequence of bond between repair material and the primary structure on the overall structural performance is clearly seen. Performance of normal and high performance of concrete under high temperature resulting in spalling and significant damage from a fire and its rehabilitation with geopolymer concrete will be shown in lab scale tests and simulations. Finally, a field application of load testing of a defunct masonry arch bridge, its retrofit strategy and subsequent deployment with cementitious mixes as a repair to operationalise the bridge with significant cost saving will be illustrated.

Enhanced Performance of Fracture Strength of Rubberized Concrete Panels by External Reinforcement

Enhanced Performance of Fracture Strength of Rubberized Concrete Panels by External Reinforcement

Experimental investigation of FRP strengthened reinforced concrete T-beams in torsion

In general, reinforced concrete (RC) members are most commonly influenced by flexural moments, axial and shear forces. However, they may also be subject to torsional moments. Torsion in reinforced concrete (RC) beams is an important phenomenon that affects the structural behaviour of buildings. Both the concrete and steel reinforcement contribute to the torsional resistance of a RC member. However, the contribution of concrete is usually neglected by the modern design codes, due to cracking. Moreover, the subject of maintenance and repair or strengthening of existing RC structures is a significant problem. The last years, fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) is widely used as external reinforcement in flexural and shear strengthening. Nevertheless, its use in torsional strengthening is not so widely investigated. Ιn this paper, the torsional behaviour of RC T-beams reinforced in shear with FRPs is experimentally investigated. Five groups of T-beams subject to pure torsion, two of which are control beams and other three beams are strengthened in shear with U-jacketed FRP fabrics. Experimental results reveal that FRPs can increase the ultimate torsional capacity of the member.

Use of Waste Tires as Transverse Reinforcement and External Confinement in Concrete Columns Subjected to Axial Loads

Approximately 246 million waste tires are generated annually in the United States. That is roughly three tires per four individuals in the country. Most tires end up in landfills, adversely affecting the environment. In the last two decades, researchers have explored using tire chips in concrete to replace a portion of coarse aggregates. Past studies have indicated that up to 50% of coarse aggregates in concrete can be replaced with tire chips. This research proposes using recycled rubber tires and rubber chips in concrete columns. The tires are used as external transverse reinforcement in plain concrete columns. The tires function as formwork during the pour while providing confinement after curing. The concepts in this research can be used for retrofitting structures with inadequate foundations and constructing new structures. After analyzing the data from this research, the axial compressive test of confined columns was 50% greater on average than unconfined columns. The confinement effectiveness ratio for all confined specimens was greater than one.

Study on the Preparation of Network Ti-N/Ti Composites by Nitridation of Ti Powders.

Composite structure design is an important way to improve reinforcement strengthening efficiency. The dispersion of the external reinforcement is often not uniform enough, however, and it is agglomerated in the matrix, which cannot uniformly and effectively bear the load. The interconnected reinforcement network prepared by the in-situ self-growth method is expected to obtain higher material properties. In this paper, the TiN shell was formed on the surface of Ti powder by the in-situ nitriding method, and then the network TiN/Ti composites were prepared by sintering. In the control group, TiN was dispersed by mechanical ball milling, and it was found that TiN powder was coated on the surface of Ti particles, and the sintered TiN/Ti composites formed a discontinuous structure with a great deal of TiN agglomeration. A uniform TiN nitride layer of 5~7 μm was formed on the surface of Ti powder by the in-situ nitriding method, and a connected TiN network was formed in the sintered Ti-N/Ti composites. The composites prepared by nitriding have higher compressive strength, hardness, and plasticity. The hardness of the Ti-N/Ti composite is 685.7 HV and the compressive strength is 1468.5 MPa. On this basis, the influence of the connected TiN structure on the material properties was analyzed, which provided theoretical guidance for the structural design of the network structure-reinforced titanium matrix composites.

FLEXURAL BEHAVIOR OF RC BEAMS CONTAINS RUBBERIZED PIECES AND STRENGTHENED WITH CFRP SHEETS

When rubberized, concrete beams lose some of their flexural strength. Conversely, flexural strengthening accounts for a sizeable portion of the structural applications for external carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) sheets that strengthen reinforced concrete beams. In this study, externally bonded sheets of (CFRP) were used to compensate for the flexural strength loss brought on by using rubberized concrete in constructing the beams. The study's reinforced concrete beams were split into two groups, each with three beams. In the first group, waste tire rubber (WTR) replaced (5 and 10) % of the fine and coarse aggregate, respectively. The reference group is the second group of typical concrete-mixture beams without used tire rubber. Each beam measured (2.1 m ×0.3m × 0.2m) has the same tensile, compression, and shear reinforcement. Every group of concrete beams contained a beam without any external reinforcement, a beam with a single layer, and a beam with double layers of (CFRP) sheet, where the beam soffit was externally strengthened. ABAQUS' finite element analysis software was used to represent the third external strengthening layer numerically. The mechanical properties of the two groups have been tested; additionally, the flexural response of the beams was examined using a monotonic two-point loading. The outcomes denote that strengthening with one and two layers of (CFRP) sheet increases the first crack load (FCL) and failure load (FL) by (8.57 and 17.64) with (17.14 and 34.27) %, respectively. The first crack deflection (FCD) also increased by (58.64) and (78.19) %, while the failure deflection (FD) decreased by (13.25) and (5.42) %, respectively.

Flexural performance and damage evaluation on basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) sheet reinforced concrete

Basalt fiber reinforced polymer (BFRP) is a promising composite material for concrete restoration as an external sheet reinforcement. This work aims to propose a methodology that can effectively monitor and evaluate the damage of external BFRP sheet reinforced concrete during its industrial service life. For better understanding of flexural performance and damage evaluation on BFRP sheet reinforced concrete, four-point bending tests were conducted on specimens produced with different bonding conditions (bonding BFRP sheet at 0%, 80%, 90%, and 95% of failure load) to explore suitable repair strategies for engineering. Multi-view digital image correlation technique is used to analyze the deformation on concrete part and BFRP sheet simultaneously. Such a non-contact measurement makes it possible to observe crack development and evaluate damage degree of concrete beams during loading process and could be applied in industrial measurement. In addition, crack development could be characterized by length and width, which is calculated by strain distribution of both concrete part and BFRP sheet. Results reveal that BFRP sheet could improve about 78.56% of flexural strength and 304.38% of ductility. Besides, it is found that the growth of damage degree is steadier in BFRP reinforced specimens. According to the early warning levels proposed in this work, it is suggested that BFRP reinforcement should be adopted before concrete is loaded to 90% of failure load to allow for timely repair and facilitate subsequent health monitoring.

Improvement of structural performance of RC Beams with external reinforcement method: an experimental investigation

The old existing RC structures around the world need to be examined and reinforced to increase their capacity for different reasons. Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer (FRP) is believed to be the most efficient system to retrofit and improve the strength of the RC members. However, in certain cases, engineers need to utilize the combination of flexural and shear FRP systems, which was not mandated in the standard code. Therefore, this research was focused on the structural behavior of RC beams strengthened with a flexural and shear FRP combination. The beam specimens were tested for failure under a two-point load configuration and the confining effect of the FRP was also investigated. The finding of the experimental test revealed the enhancement of the load capacity and ductility performed in RC beams. The specimen failure was indicated by the concrete crushing at the top part of the beam and the yield condition at the bottom longitudinal reinforcement. It was also discovered that the externally bonded FRP system could confine the concrete and result in the enhancement of ductility and compressive strength. The evidence presents the understanding of the structural behavior of the RC beam strengthened with the combination of flexural and shear FRP systems.

Modeling and modal analysis of the structure of long-span transmission tower

The structure of the long-span transmission tower is a typical nonlinear structure with the characteristics of great height, large line span, heavy overall weight and flexible tower body. The current design code only analyzes the traditional tower types, but the analysis of the truss structure of transmission tower is limited. Aiming at improving the design defects of the structure of long-span transmission towers, this paper uses the finite element software APDL to build the three-dimensional finite element model of a long-span transmission tower, to carry out the modal finite element analysis as well as to extract the specific parameters of each modal finite element mode: Modality, Natural frequency of vibration, Periodicity. The results show that the natural vibration period of the main machinery of this type of steel transmission tower is about 0.37–1.37 s; The structure of the long-span transmission tower has certain displacements in six degrees of freedom, in which the value of the X-dimensional displacement is the largest. There are some large displacements and local torsion in the high-order mode, combined with the results of modal analysis, so it is suggested to consider the structural improvement or external reinforcement of the weak parts of the long-span transmission tower.

Reinforcement of concrete with composite materials based on fiberglass

Many existing constructions (old and new) have significant deficiencies in terms of load-bearingcapacity which, in some cases, could jeopardize the safety of their users. Indeed, we can consider that thesestructures have arrived (or will arrive very soon) at the end of their useful life, hence the need to findtechnical and economic solutions to rehabilitate them in the most effective way possible. In the case ofreinforced concrete bridges, very many suffer from an advanced state of degradation caused by prolongedexposure to an aggressive environment or even a continuous increase in use loads. In addition, for the oldstructures, the technical standards used for their design and dimensioning had to be modified from the dateof their construction. Thus, certain structural elements in service no longer meet the performancerequirements in terms of response to loads. Indeed, it is often less expensive to reinforce the structuralelements of structures than to carry out a complete reconstruction, especially since following the evolutionof technology, several methods of reinforcement remain available on the market and with prices more andmore competitive, including that which consists of the external reinforcement of reinforced concreteelements with composite materials which, due to their strength/weight ratio and their resistance to externalagents (non-corrodible product), have very interesting advantages if they are compared to steel whether itis used passively or actively (simple reinforcement or prestressed). In addition, these composite materialscan be used both for shear and bending reinforcement for beams and for column containment. This workaims to use (FRP) Fiber Reinforced Plastics (materials generally formed of two main and distinct elements:the fiber "made from Glass" and the matrix "an epoxy resin which allows the transfer of loads between thefibers which improves the properties, in the long and short term"), to assess the influence of glass fibers onthe general behavior of concrete, in particular on its resistance, its deformations and its ductility. The resultsobtained at the end of the cyclic loading tests of the specimens confirm the importance of the contributionthat the confinement of the concrete specimens by FRP can bring in terms of resistance to compression anddeformation observed following the realization of the static loading tests. However, these cyclic loadingtests of the specimens show us the very considerable gain in the ability of the specimens to withstandloading-unloading cycles.