External Priorities Research Articles

Facilitators and Barriers to Integrating Patient-Generated Blood Pressure Data into Primary Care EHR Workflows.

Evidence supports using patient-generated blood pressure data for better outcomes in hypertension management. However, obstacles like dealing with home-generated paper data sets and questions of validity slowed the meaningful incorporation of home blood pressure into clinical care. As clinicians value patient data more, reliance on digital health solutions for data collection and shared decision-making grows. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the design and early implementation of an electronic health record (EHR)-based data visualization tool and explore the barriers or facilitators to integrating) patients' home blood pressure data into the electronic workflow in the clinical setting. Findings can inform potential next steps for implementation and provide recommendations for leveraging patient-generated health data (PGHD) in hypertension management. We qualitatively explored pre- and early-implementation factors for integrating PGHD into clinicians' EHR interfaces intended to support shared decision-making using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). We collected data in the form of notes and transcripts from clinician focus groups, administrative leadership feedback sessions, research team observations, and recurring team meetings. This study took place at a midwestern academic health center. We identify implementation facilitating factors, adoption considerations, and next steps across CFIR domains focusing on large-scale implementation. Key recommendations include aligning internal and external priorities, empowering champions to facilitate uptake, using intuitive design, and anticipating and planning for unintended consequences. These findings can guide future efforts to include PGHD in workflows, thus enhancing shared decision-making and laying the groundwork for larger implementations. Understanding the implementation barriers and facilitators to connect PGHD to clinician apps in the EHR workspace can promote their adoption and maintenance.

A multi-framework analysis of stakeholders' perceptions in developing a localized blue carbon ecosystems strategy in Eastern Samar, Philippines.

Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs) are vital for global climate change mitigation and offer diverse local ecosystem co-benefits. Despite existing literatures on integrating national and international BCE agendas at the local level, the development and implementation of localized BCE strategies often lag behind. To provide insights on this knowledge gap, we present a case study conducted in Eastern Samar, Philippines. Employing a multi-framework analysis- encompassing DPSIR (drivers, pressures, state, impact, responses), SOAR (strengths, opportunities, aspirations, results), and PESTLE (political, economic, social, technological, legal, environmental) frameworks, stakeholder perceptions collected from focus group discussions highlight issues and challenges in developing and implementing a BCE strategy. Findings reveal that the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 in the study sites stimulated conservation efforts and raised awareness, but governance structures and policy enforcement influence the success and longevity of management and conservation efforts. Through the integration of multiple frameworks, this study outlined a potential localized BCE strategy, emphasizing both internal priorities such as stakeholder engagement and alternative livelihoods and external priorities related to policy and technological supports. While developed based on a specific case study in the Philippines, the proposed strategy is presented in a general manner, enabling its potential replication in other provinces in the Philippines or in countries with similar geographic settings.

COVID-19 impact on India: Challenges and Opportunities

The world is still witnessing adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that is shattering the entire world. The virus ripped apart the global economy like never before leading to low growth rates in the largest economies of China, the United States (US), Japan, India, and in many others. The world has come out of the great lockdown, but there is no sign of recovery and the COVID-19 threat is still looming. The pandemic hit the global economy so hard that it will probably take nearly a decade to restore the normality worldwide. Reports show that China is getting cornered by multinational companies, many of which have signalled intention of shifting their production base from China and are now in search for alternative locations. This research paper explores the effects of the pandemic on the global society, with particular focus on India and the measures taken by its government in response to pandemic-related challenges. The paper claims that if India manoeuvres its foreign policy by properly balancing its domestic and external priorities, it will play a most prominent role in the emerging international order.

Exploring contextual factors for pre-service teachers teaching with technology through planning, teaching, and reflecting

Teaching with technology is a required skill for today’s teachers and the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is a commonly used framework that is used to assess the effective usage of this skill. In this framework, teachers’ knowledge is assessed under various individual and blended knowledge domains. The effect of contextual factors on TPACK is a relatively recent focal point of this framework. Therefore, this study investigates pre-service teachers’ enactment of different TPACK domains and interprets the results according to contextual factors that underlie their decisions and their knowledge levels. For this purpose, a case study involving four pre-service teachers was conducted. The contextual factors are extracted from the pre-service teachers’ reflection and teaching philosophy statements. Then their demonstration of TPACK levels are found both during planning and teaching stages. The results indicate that pre-service teachers with low TPACK enactment are mostly preoccupied with contextual elements related to practical concerns, whereas those with higher levels exhibited a greater degree of contextual elements related to beliefs and external priorities. It was also found that this latter group’s planning and teaching artifacts are more balanced with respect to TPACK levels, whereas a more significant drop in TPACK levels from planning to teaching was observed for the former group.

ПОЛІТИКА США ЩОДО УКРАЇНИ: МІЖ ЛІБЕРАЛЬНО-ДЕМОКРАТИЧНИМИ ЦІННОСТЯМИ ТА ПРАГМАТИЧНИМИ ІНТЕРЕСАМИ

The author analyzed in detail the main factors that influence the US policy towards Ukraine: 1) the relative importance of the internal and external priorities of the US, 2) the relative commitment to the policy of a united free Europe, 3) the relative importance of the policy towards Ukraine against other foreign policy priorities, 4) perceived complementarity Kyiv’s behavior with US interests and goals, 5) perceived coherence of Moscow’s behavior with US interests and goals, 6) relevant views of key figures in the executive branch of government and their relative influence, 7) pressure and restrictions from Congress, 8) pressure from Ukrainian organizations diaspora. In the first chapter of the monograph, the author addressed the period of R. Reagan’s presidency, when American policy towards the USSR consolidated liberal-democratic values and pragmatic interests. The second chapter examines in detail the vicissitudes of recognition of the independence of Ukraine by the United States. The third chapter of the monograph examines the role of the USA in the process of nuclear disarmament of Ukraine. The fourth chapter of the monograph is devoted to the US position regarding the Orange Revolution in Ukraine. In the fifth chapter, the author analyzed the reasons for the US’s refusal to provide assistance to Ukraine with lethal weapons.

ПОВОЄННЕ ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ ФРАГМЕНТАЦІЇ СВІТОВОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

Досліджено питання сучасного світового розвитку з огляду на російську воєнну агресію проти України. Охарактеризовано світові тенденції щодо фрагментації на противагу попереднім глобалізаційним тенденціям. Глобалізаційні процеси продовжують існувати у світі, але в умовах регіональних і покраїнових обмежень. Ще напередодні 2020-х років світова економічна думка дискутувала щодо перспектив розвитку в умовах так званої слоубалізації (повільної глобалізації). Активне використання режиму санкцій визначає окремі країни не лише як не сприятливі для економічної діяльності, а й як такі, що фактично виключені з процесу глобалізації. Відбуваються реальні зміни центрів економічної могутності. Нині дедалі активніше йдеться про теоретичну і практичну фрагментацію. Фактично у світі відбуваються процеси посилення економічної фрагментації, що виступає противагою традиційним глобалізаційним процесам. Фрагментація є одним з вагомих наслідків російської збройної агресії проти України і має перспективи призвести до поділу світу на геополітичні блоки із своїми власними технічними стандартами, резервними валютами і системами платежів. Визначено, що перспективи повоєнної відбудови України відбуватимуться в умовах фрагментації світової економіки і реалізовуватимуться за відповідними параметрами. Україна і надалі залежатиме від зовнішніх джерел фінансування і матеріальної допомоги. У цьому контексті вкрай актуальним є збереження зовнішніх пріоритетів розвитку країни, у першу чергу набуття повноцінного членства в Європейському Союзі. Важливо також усвідомити роль держави в економічному житті в умовах війни і в період післявоєнної відбудови. Крім того, беззаперечною повинна бути максимальна коректність у відносинах з іноземними партнерами, зокрема, у питаннях розрахунку потреб України у фінансуванні процесу відбудови з огляду на відмінності в ставленні до проблем корупції в Україні й країнах Заходу.

Pop friction: performing Canada at the Festival Internacional da Canção Popular

ABSTRACT This article examines Canada-Brazil relations through the prism of a music festival, the Festival Internacional da Canção Popular, held in the wake of the 1964 military coup. Using sources (in French, English, and Portuguese) collected through multi-site research (Montreal, Ottawa, and Rio de Janeiro), it demonstrates that Canadians’ half-hearted, uninspired performance between 1966 and 1969 resulted from their perception of the South American giant as largely irrelevant – and too foreign – with regard to domestic and external priorities. Their elitist and tepid approach to music diplomacy was also a function of their failure of imagination in the making of international cultural relations. Not only did the Department of External Affairs and cultural officials in Canada fail to comprehend how popular music could be rendered valuable in the centennial decade and amid an upsurge of nationalism in the predominantly French-speaking province of Quebec, but they also found themselves complicit with the Brazilian dictatorship’s efforts to embellish its image through a spectacle of sound and light.

EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND THREATS TO UKRAINE’S FOREIGN TRADE

Background. In terms of unfavorable external conditions and a significant deterioration of the socio-economic situation, the Ukrainian market has stagnated. Russia’s actions, including its unilateral suspension of the Free Trade Agreement, have led to a reduction in Ukraine's bilateral foreign trade operations. The processes of globalization and integration issue new challenges to the economy of any country, in particular, the questions of evaluation and stimulation of foreign trade of enterprises emerge in the conditions of constant transformation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identifytrends and features of Ukraine’s foreign trade in the context of globalization and integration. Materials and methods. The article is based on a synthesis of research results of domestic and foreign scientists to determine the main influencing factors of cooperation with the EU on the state of development of Ukraine’s foreign trade. Research on this issue was conducted using the methods of theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis. Results. Ukraine’s position in world trade is determined by the main factors: the dynamics of GDP, rating and index of economic freedom. The peculiarities of Ukraine's foreign trade over the last decade have been studied, the main partner countries; the main challenges that arise in our foreign trade as a result of European integration processes have been identified. It is proved that in the analysis of GDP it is expedient to use the indicator of GDP calculated on purchasing power parity. It is established that in the conditions of the world crisis, the war in the east caused the greatest damage to the economy of Ukraine. It was clarified that Ukraine needs to expand the geography of foreign trade relations, at the same time there is a significant unrealized potential for the development of bilateral relations with EU countries. Conclusion. Ukraine must follow the chosen course of European integration, but at the same must also develop other partnerships with countries on other continents. Unfortunately, Ukraine exports more raw materials and goods with low added value. Therefore, there is a need: to change the content of exports, to introduce tax and customs instruments to support exports, to amend the Association Agreement in terms of international trade. The structure of foreign trade does not stimulate Ukraine's economy to innovative development, so there is an urgent need for domestic policy reforms and changes in external priorities.

AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASINDA AVROPA İTTİFAQI ÇƏRÇİVƏSİNDƏ ƏMƏKDAŞLIQ VƏ TURİZMİN İNKİŞAFI

The aim of the study is to study the development of cooperation and tourism in the Republic of Azerbaijan within the framework of the European Union. There is a lot of work to be done in tourism management to adapt to the European Union. In particular, there are problems that need to be addressed on a sectoral basis. Nowadays, our country prefers more bilateral relations in relations with the European Union in accordance with its external priorities. In addition to participating in regional EU projects, Azerbaijan, a leading country in terms of its share in the overall economic development of the South Caucasus, is trying to take a certain position in the EU's external relations. Thus, the Azerbaijani state creates new formats of bilateral relations with the European Union, demonstrating the Union's desire to integrate into the common European economic, political and security space, developing all the institutions necessary to get closer to it. Key words: European Union, Azerbaijan, tourim, cooperation, development, project.

Experiences of social scientists in health research settings: SBM Leadership Institute.

The Society of Behavioral Medicine (SBM) Leadership Institute provides leadership training for mid-career behavioral medicine scientists. As an institute fellow, I explored the experiences of social scientists working in healthcare settings. Exploratory research to describe the experiences, barriers, and facilitators social scientists face working in a healthcare delivery and research system. Our research questions were exploratory, focused on understanding (a) the experiences of social scientists working in a healthcare delivery and research system, (b) barriers that social scientists face working in a healthcare delivery and research system, (c) perceived value of sociological and anthropologic methods to clinicians and other health researchers, and (4) to understand the landscape of organizational models that feature social scientists as part of a larger scientific enterprise. We developed a plan for needs assessment activities. We conducted a design workshop of social scientists (n = 11). Using human-centered design methods, we elicited experiences and asked participants to develop a prototype model where social scientists could find career fulfillment with minimal structural barriers. We found that social scientists feel a strong sense of pride in their social science training and passion for the work they do. They reported occupying multiple disciplines at once, including multiple promotion and reputational expectations. Participants commonly reported that they themselves, as well as collaborators, viewed social science work, particularly qualitative research, as supplemental to quantitative work. Participants described perceptions that social science research is less rigorous or requires less training compared with other disciplines. Participants identified several contextual factors that influenced the perceived value of social science research in healthcare, including the focus of external funding priorities on larger clinical questions, organizational structure, and tangible leadership support of social science. The SBM Leadership Institute created a space for preliminary research into an area that could improve the experiences and research impact of social and behavioral scientists.

Впровадження інтелектуальних логістичних технологій в інфраструктурний комплекс морського транспорту

The paper investigates trends in the development of intelligent logistics technologies in the infrastructure complex of maritime transport. The features of the development of the maritime industry in the context of the digitalization of the economy and the inclusion of world port operators in the processes of Industry 4.0 are analyzed. In particular, the current macroeconomic trends and prospects for the development of sea transport in Ukraine have been identified. The research methodology is based on theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific literature, statistical methods, as well as observation, comparative method, description, measurement. The use of scientific research methods made it possible to identify the challenges facing the domestic transport system in the context of the development of global digital logistics. The results of the study indicate that external priorities for the development of maritime transport and the direction of digitalization can increase transport efficiency and improve customer service. It has been proven that these areas of intellectualization of ports provide for the combination of a wide range of advanced technologies: artificial intelligence, cloud computing services, block chain technology. Sharing the latest tools allows transport participants (operators, ports, ship owners, customers) to optimize logistics operations and manage in real time. The analysis made it possible to identify the reasons for the underutilization of the Ukrainian ports and assess the factors hindering the development of the Ukrainian maritime industry. Financial and economic, legal, organizational, and technical problems are identified among the main problems. At the same time, the adopted rules for servicing clients within the ports and the imperfection of the regulatory framework for the unification of documents and information exchange procedures have a significant impact. Most ports are not ready to operate in the new competitive environment. In general, it is recommended to make management decisions on the implementation of intelligent information and telecommunication systems in the maritime industry of Ukraine. It is recommended to intensify the involvement of port infrastructure in logistics processes, taking into account digitalization trends: to introduce systems of automated control centers, subsystems for intelligent analysis, display of data and information, networks of port sensors and actuators, wireless access networks with infrastructure elements of the backbone intelligent multimodal transport system. The implementation of the proposed measures becomes possible in the context of the integrated implementation of information technologies based on joint teamwork to create an electronic model at the level of the USPA and other transport operators.

The future judicial cooperation between the EPPO and third countries

The editorial focuses on the need to develop the EPPO’s role in the fight against EU fraud in relation to third countries. It gives an overview of the relevant international legal framework and of the various options that the EPPO will have at its disposal to engage in judicial cooperation with third countries under EU Regulation 2017/1939. It analyses the legal parameters that will determine the application of these modalities in practice and concludes that there may be room for having a fresh look at ways of strengthening the external role of the EPPO once it is up and running and in a position to define its external policy priorities.

Localizing Peacebuilding: The Arizona Market and the Evolution of U.S. Military Peacebuilding Priorities in Bosnia

ABSTRACTThis article examines peacebuilding localization, in particular how encounters with local contexts and actors shape external peacebuilders' priorities and practices. My vehicle for exploring this dynamic is the rapid emergence of a massive black market in northeast Bosnia, the ‘Arizona’ market, which developed on territory controlled by U.S. peacekeeping forces. I argue that the military's relationship with the market contributed to a shift from an initially minimalist, peacekeeping-centric, conception of the peacebuilding process toward the embrace of broader post-war political and economic initiatives, and identify three factors that influenced its unfolding in the case of Arizona: adaptation, embeddedness and place.

До проблеми близькосхідного напряму в концепті зовнішньої політики України.

Since the beginning of Ukraine’s independence, there have been adopted a number of important legal documents that define and characterize the Ukrainian foreign policy. It is the basis for the research of Ukrainian scholars to justify the vectors of foreign policy, to predict the partnership and alliance with Ukraine in international relations and in the region. These legal documents define the strategic regions of Ukrainian interests and explain the actions of the external department, are a benchmark for business and the public sector. In the article, the author analyzes the main legal documents that are decisive in the formation Ukraine’s foreign policy, its geographical areas, activities, features, and search of the Middle East vector. We considered two main components to analyze the concepts of Ukraine’s contemporary foreign policy and formed conditions. Firstly, that is the political and legal base, according to which the external priorities, principles, directions and policies of the Ukrainian state are defined. Secondly, it is an analysis of developments of Ukrainian scholars, foreign policy specialists who form a contemporary political opinion and analyze the perspectives of Ukraine in the international relations. The author pays attention to the interpretation of external trends in the normative legal documents, such as, the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine was adopted on July 16, 1990, the Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine «On Main Directions of Foreign Policy of Ukraine», the Laws of Ukraine «On Fundamentals of National Security of Ukraine», «On Diplomatic service», «On national security of Ukraine». Special attention is paid to the establishment of diplomatic relations between Ukraine and countries of the Middle East region, the work of diplomatic services. The author suggests a scientific understanding of the external directions adopted in legal documents from the beginning of proclamation of independence to the present, the explanation of the European integration course and the peculiarities of the Ukrainian policy of «multivectoral». It also drawn attention to the study of Ukrainian scholars of foreign policy and its trends. Despite the intercivilizational choice, the advantageous geographic and geopolitical location there are still weak relationships and the lack of knowledge about the Middle East region.

An Agribusiness development approach of beef cattle in selected areas of Bangladesh

The study was pursued to ascertain the existing internal and external factors, alternative strategies and priorities of the strategies applied in enhancing beef cattle agribusiness at Pabna and Sirajganj districts in Bangladesh. The primary data and present study were collected by employing various techniques such as survey, FGD, KII and observation methods. The total sample size was 180 which were selected through convenience sampling technique. The following analytical tools used were employed i) IFE-EFE analysis ii) SWOT analysis, iii) SWOT matrix, and iv) QSPM model. By analyzing all the factors from SWOT four strategies were developed to determine the beef cattle development. The best strategy was selected by using QSPM matrix. The results IFE is 2.610, EFE is 2.438 and the total weighted score is 5.833 indicates that beef cattle sub-sector agribusiness are opportunity to explore their strengths and minimize their weaknesses. The beef cattle agribusiness development through the implementation of the integrated or contract farming that supported to backward and forward linkage and support services.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 12(2): 351-358, December 2014

Civil Society Capture: Top-Down Interventions from Below?

ABSTRACTDriven by the failure of internationally led top-down peacebuilding interventions, international donors have increasingly posited that civil society actors can play a crucial role in peacebuilding and conflict resolution. This has led to a notable increase in the support for civil society in order to integrate local perspectives into peacebuilding and statebuilding interventions over the past decades. Using the case of Cyprus, this paper challenges this premise and argues that this support continues to create homogenized discourses that are not representative of the diversity of local notions of peace. Rather, most types of international support cause civil society actors to adapt their agendas to external priorities, and exclude alternative, less professionalized and critical voices. Local peace actors who resist liberal governmentality have access neither to the monetary support needed to sustain their peace work, nor to international protection for their cause. At the same time, those actors working in line with the international endeavour remove themselves from the ‘everyday’ of local realities so that peace interventions yet again fall into the old trap of top-down interventions.

IDP STABILIZATION ASSISTANCE: ROUTES TO OPTIMIZATION IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the paper is to advise to optimization improvement pathways in IDP stabilization system in Ukraine that currently lacks real-time global-scale coordination, resulting in less efficient peaceful change. It is argued that with funding uncertainty, the system halts at middle level, aiming at sustainability. The article states that to improve, it needs to maintain high motivation and marketability of its professionals through skills and professional certification. Future grassroots projects should focus on mind changes. Methodology. A desk and in-depth study has been carried out of several national IDP stabilization programs dealing with the government that ensure infrastructural support to communities hosting IDPs. It has been studied how the programs “mindchange” their stakeholders (2014-2016 data) via regional NGOs and supports grassroots, using a real-time communication platform with features of cloud, internet banking, social network and dedicated server. Improving change generation tools, it leverages transformation with small, but not too small, resources to catalyze change. Results of the research showed that the bargain between external priorities and grassroots interests should favor program interest with “soft” projects, and listen to grassroots with “hard” projects. However, funding for non-state actors could have a 4–level structure, including: national projects for regional change strategies; regional NGO support funds; simple grassroots grants; and individual innovation prizes. Practical implications. Regional NGOs can improve beneficiary satisfaction and widen participation by supporting informal civic movements. For slowlyfunded programs, a pre-funding risk assessment report could be useful to assess change that is happening before the funding starts. Additionally, internships as a mind changing tool in IDP perception should focus on young professionals and high-ranked MPs, the latter to be engaged in group cooperation, aimed at professionalizing and strengthening their united voice to advance reforms in the region’s governments, the 60+ generation must give way to 50+ reformers and build on 35+ functional change-makers. Value/originality. The article concludes with the statement that we approach the need to establish an international coordination and control system, with IDPSA growing from an anti-poverty and democracy-building system – into the framework of support and stabilization the vital social functions in the regions of the world. While we agree that IDPSA in our region duplicates some functions of the state, therefore, it should be the state, supported by the global coordination system, which performs these functions directly – putting us closer to the developed economies and democracies of the world. According to the author, the structure of IDPSA might replace important sectorial functions in such states, building a humane world with common goals and aspirations of the higher values – where the combination of global security and humanism objectives and growth will be in harmony with the preservation of regional historical identity.

Armut und Wahnsinn: “Arme Irre” und ihre Familien im Spannungsfeld von Psychiatrie und Armenfürsorge in Glasgow, 1875–1921 by Jens Gründler (review)

Reviewed by: Armut und Wahnsinn: “Arme Irre” und ihre Familien im Spannungsfeld von Psychiatrie und Armenfürsorge in Glasgow, 1875–1921 by Jens Gründler Eric J. Engstrom Jens Gründler. Armut und Wahnsinn: “Arme Irre” und ihre Familien im Spannungsfeld von Psychiatrie und Armenfürsorge in Glasgow, 1875–1921. Publications of the German Historical Institute London Volume 72. Munich: Oldenbourg Verlag München, 2013. 382 pp. €22.80 (978-3-486-71494-4). In the introduction to this study of the Woodilee asylum in Scotland, Jens Gründler cites several cases of patients and families that availed themselves of psychiatric services. The cases illustrate that, far from simply warehousing the mad, the asylum was often called upon only as a last resort and for relatively short periods of crisis in the lives of patients and their families: some patients were brought to the asylum only when their families could no longer cope; others were retrieved from it by relatives wishing to care for them at home. This emphasis on the role and agency of families makes Gründler’s monograph an important and timely addition to the historiography of psychiatric institutions. The book begins with essential background information on the administration of Scottish poor laws, the institutional setting, and debates on the construction of the Woodilee asylum, which opened in 1875. It then turns to the official agencies and actors in charge of overseeing and operating the facility, stressing their specific roles and jurisdictions alongside those of family members, relatives, and friends. Drawing on the asylum’s patient records and the case files of the local poverty relief board, Gründler describes a complex web of historical actors who were subject to checks and balances and to overlapping supervisory controls. The book’s architecture mimics the passage of patients through the asylum. Gründler examines patients’ institutional trajectories, tracing the situations they encountered and paths they traversed on their way into, through, and out of the asylum. He argues that, at every stage along the way, patients’ families and relatives had important roles to play. And when it comes to institutionalization, his conclusions are remarkable: asylums were more often a welcome resource for overburdened families than instruments of social control; many patients were not impoverished; sudden changes in a family’s structure (death, marriage) or financial wherewithal prompted psychiatric institutionalization; and more generally, families—more so than medical experts—determined whether, when, and why someone became mentally ill. Concerning patients’ lives in the Woodilee asylum regime, Gründler stresses that patients were enmeshed in an asymmetric web of power relations in which they—far from being mere objects of institutional discipline—could sometimes check the behavior of medical and nursing staff, subvert reward systems, and mobilize the solidarity and support of their families. In his analysis of patients discharged from Woodilee, Gründler argues that stable family structures improved the chances of patients being discharged as cured. Furthermore, Gründler examines several cases of patients who were retrieved from the asylum by their families, demonstrating how the asylum’s totalizing impetus could be disrupted by a variety of pragmatic considerations and external pressures: the “binary logic of the medical system (sickness-health)” (pp. 296–97) was called into question by the logics of other competing internal and [End Page 818] external priorities (overcrowding, orderly wards, cost) and by the pragmatic and emotional calculations of patients’ relatives. The final two chapters exploit files of the local welfare agency to move outside the asylum and to assess both the “careers” (pp. 269–97) of discharged patients and the often desperate circumstances of their families and relatives. While asylums sometimes served as receptacles for the incorrigibly mad, they also fulfilled their charge of curing and resocializing many patients. Significantly, it was the familial and social dynamics of reintegration—often more so than the mental illness itself—that led to recidivism and impoverishment. And the example of so-called “casuals” and “ins and outs,” who were repeatedly admitted to Woodilee during temporary episodes of crisis in their lives, indicates that patients and families sought asylum care in the expectation that they would be healed. This is a solidly documented, well-structured, and cogently...

Corporate diversification and cash holding

Cash holding is one of company's internal funding sources that might be used for investment purposes. In fact, corporate investment funding policy may affect the magnitude of the cash holding because management must decide proper sources of the funds, i.e. internal and external priorities, and which sources will be taken first. This study aims at testing whether diversification strategies may reduce or increase the tendency of companies to save cashes in a company, either a financially-constrained, financially non-constrained or all of them. The sample taken in this study is manufacturing companies listed at the Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2006-2011 . They are selected by using a purposive sampling. Analytical techniques applied are the data analysis panel with the Ordinary LeastSquared (OLS) approach. The results indicate that diversification strategies have a negative and insignificant influence to the change of cash holding in a company. Companies tend to keep cash holding in response to a lower positive cash flow in a diversified company. The influence is stronger on a constrained company than a financially non-constrained one. The cash flows have a positive influence on cash holding. The trend is stronger on financiallyconstrained corporations. Meanwhile, market-to-book value of assets have an insignificant and positive influence to cash holding company. These influences also apply to financially non-constrained ones. However, the influence of market-to-book value of company assets in financially non-constrained companies cannot not be determined as they have no systematic patterns on either debt ratio, payout ratio, book-to-market asset ratio or the size of assets.

Australian G20 Presidency

The 2014 Australian presidency took place against the backdrop of multiple challenges in both global economy and international politics, with Ukrainian crisis, Syrian conflict, Islamic State, and Ebola. Thus, despite being an economic forum, the G20 could not avoid addressing these issues, with discussions taking place during the bilateral meetings and on the sidelines of the forum.The article attempts to analyze the Australian G20 Presidency within a functional paradigm, assessing G20 performance on the three main objectives of plurilateral summitry institutions: strengthening capacity for political leadership to launch new ideas and overcome deadlocks; reconciling domestic and international pressures; and consolidating collective management.The analysis revealed that, despite a number of setbacks, the 2014 Australian presidency managed to steer the G20 members’ cooperation on the four major pillars of the institution’s agenda, reflecting a consistently high level of the G20 commitment to fulfilling its key mission of ensuring strong, sustainable, balanced and inclusive growth. The research was carried out with financial support of Russian Humanities Research Foundation within the framework of a research project “Elaborating a Supply – Demand Model to Balance External Demand and National Priorities in the Presidency Proposals for Agenda in G20, G8 and BRICS”, project №12-03-00563.