External Plate Research Articles

Refined and Simplified Simulations for Steel–Concrete–Steel Structures

Steel–concrete–steel (SCS) sandwich structures have gained increasing interest in new constructions. The external steel plates increase the stiffness, the sustainability, and the strength of the structures under some extreme solicitations. Moreover, the use of these plates as lost prefabricated formwork makes SCS structures modular, enabling higher construction rates. However, for a better understanding of the complex behavior of these structures up to failure, refined numerical simulations are needed to consider various local phenomena, such as concrete crushing in compression and interface interactions. Indeed, the highly non-linear steel–concrete interaction around the dowels is the key point of the composite action. In this contribution, a refined methodology is first proposed and applied on a push-out test. It is especially demonstrated that a regularization technique in compression is needed for the concrete model. Interface elements are also developed and associated with a nonlinear constitutive law between steel connectors and external plates. From this refined methodology, simplified numerical modeling is then deduced and validated. Directly applied to an SCS wall-to-wall junction, this simplified strategy enables the reproduction of the overall behavior, including the elastic phase, the degradation of the system, and the failure mode. The response of each component is particularly analyzed, and the key points of the behavior are highlighted.

Comparison of clinical efficacy between closed reduction combined with semi-circular external fixator and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) in the treatment of middle and distal tibia fractures

To compare the clinical efficacy between closed reduction combined with semi-circular external fixator and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) in the treatment of middle anddistal tibia fractures. The clinical data of sixty patients with middle and distal tibia fractures admitted between January 2019 and November 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were categorized into external fixation group (n=30) and internal fixation group (n=30). There were 18 males and 12 females in the external fixation group, with an average age of (49.29±2.35) years old. Among them, 14 patients presented with fractures on the left side, and 16 patients presented with fractures on the right side. Closed reduction, arched wire, and semi-circular external fixator were used for treatment. There were 20 males and 10 females in the internal fixation group, with an average age of (48.96±1.87) years old. Among them, 15 patients presented with fractures on the left side, and 15 patients presented with fractures on the right side. MIPPO technique was used for the treatment. Perioperative parameters, including time injury to surgery, surgical duration, incision length, intraoperative bleeding, time to active activity, and incision healing level, were compared between the two groups. Clinical outcomes were also assessed, including Johner-Wruhs scores, time to minimum pain-adapted full weight-bearing, visual analog scale (VAS), SF-36 scale, and complications. The external fixation group exhibited a significantly shorter incision length (1.36±0.86) cm and lower intraoperative bleeding (10.83±5.73) ml compared to the internal fixation group (12.74±3.12) cm and (86.47±8.90) ml, respectively(P<0.05). The postoperative active activity time (1.50±0.54) days and minimum pain-adapted full weight-bearing activity time(108.87±3.43) days in the external fixation group were slightly delayed than the internal fixation group(1.15±0.98) days and (105.27±3.68) days, respectively(P<0.05). Over a mean postoperative follow-up duration of (6.23±1.89) months, both groups showed improved VAS and SF-36 scale scores. There were no statistically significant differences in VAS and SF-36 scale scores 1, 3, 6 months post-operatively between the two groups(P>0.05). The intraoperative surgical time in the external fixation group (35.42±9.31) minutes was shorter than that in the internal fixation group(74.22±7.81) minutes (P<0.05). There was no intraoperative vascular or nerve injury, nor postoperative skin necrosis in the external fixation group. However, skin necrosis was observed in 6 patientsin the internal fixation group, representing a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Both external fixation and plate internal fixation are effective methods for the treatment of middle and distal tibia fractures. External fixation exhibits the advantage of less surgical trauma and a lower incidence of complications.

External Fixator vs. Locking Compression Plate in “Supracutaneous” Mode for Open Distal Tibial Fractures: A Comparison on Economics, Union, Functional Outcome and Complications

Objectives Historically, in the pre-antiseptic era, there was a great fear of open tibial factors because of high incidence of infection eventually leading to amputation and in many cases septicemia and death. Despite improvements in surgical techniques in the last century, the optimum treatment for open type IIIa and Type II tibial farcture remains controversial. Literature available on use of Ex-fix as a definitive and permanent modality is very sparse and is not encouraging. In order to maintain biology of the fracture and to expedite the healing process many institutions and surgeons are using Locking compression plate as an external fixator which is fondly called as supracutaneous plating (SCP). Material and Methods The patients who had Gustilo and Anderson type II and IIIa # of distal Tibia were enrolled in this study. They were randomized into 2 groups. In one group (Ex-Fix) external fixator was applied in and in another group SCP was done. Four general indicators, including direct cost of hospitalization, first surgery time, time to full weight bearing, and time to complete union were compared between the groups. The functional outcome of the ankle was assessed. Presence of infection, Time to union was noted in both cases. Results Mean time to fracture union was statistically less in SCP group 5.84 months as compared to 7.21 months in Ex–fix group. Also, 12 patients in Ex-fix group had to undergo a reoperation as compare to only 1 in SCP group. This led to higher cost of expenditure and higher duration of stay in Ex-fix group. AOFAS Score, Teeny and Wiss were better in SCP group as compared to Ex-fix group. Conclusion Highlighting the role Of LCP in Supracutaneous mode as a definitive and final surgery , thus reducing the financial and psychological implication of reoperations in open grade and tibial fractures which are seen in patients managed with Ex-fix in definitive mode or as an interval for secondary nailing, we recommend the use of routine use of SCP in such tibial fractures after thorough debridement and diligent handling of soft tissue.

Repairing and strengthening techniques of RC beams: a review

The purpose of this review is to present the techniques for strengthening or repairing of reinforced concrete-beams (RC). The concrete members, like RC beam are might be required to be strengthened to increase the internal strength capacity to resist additional external loads or repaired to increase the design’s structural rigidity and insulate the reinforcement from aggressive conditions. The experimental studies that related to the techniques of repairing and strengthening of RC beams using: external steel plates, fiber reinforced concrete (FRC), reinforced concrete (RC) jacketing, sprayed fiber reinforced polymer FRP, epoxy injection, mortar jackets, near-surface carbon fiber (SNSM-CFRP) strips, near-surface glass fiber (NSM-GFRP) rods, CFRP laminate and sheet; and adding an ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) layer. All the techniques that were discussed showed that there is an improvement in the general behavior of the beams that have been strengthened and repaired, as well as an increase in the maximum load and ductility.

Influence of plate thickness on the results of residual stresses determination by through hole drilling in orthotropic composites of different fiber orientation

The main objective of this study is to characterize residual stress in composite orthotropic plates using hole drilling method. The values of hole diameter increment in the principal anisotropic directions, which were obtained from electronic speckle-pattern interferometry on the external surface of the specimen, serve as the initial experimental information. The theoretical foundation of the approach is based on S. G. Lekhnitsky's analytical solution, which describes a stress concentration along the edge of the central open hole in a rectangular orthotropic plate under tension in principal anisotropy directions. The transitional model, that is essential link for deriving residual stress components from initial experimental data, provides the unequivocally solution to the properly posed inverse problem. Firstly, the validation of the transitional model regarding prescription of residual stress values for specific plies within a specimen’s thickness is based on calibration experiments. These experiments yield data for unidirectional and cross-ply composite plates of three different thicknesses. The results demonstrate that the values of principal residual stress components for cross-ply composite material are independent of plate thickness. This means that the transition model, based on the measurements of deformation responses to through hole drilling on the external plate face, can be reliably implemented to characterize the maximal residual stress values present in the middle plane of the composite plate. An investigation into the effect of hole diamter values on the determination of residual stress is conducted for cross-ply and angle-cross-ply composites. It is shown that a hole of diameter of 3.2 mm provides the most reliable results.

The seismic behaviors of steel-concrete-steel composite walls with dumbbell-shaped connectors

In this study, quasi-static tests were conducted on six steel-concrete-steel composite wall (SCSCW) specimens with novel dumbbell-shaped connectors (DSCs) to investigate their seismic performance. The research parameters included the connector arrangement scheme and the axial load. The failure mode, load-displacement curve, and strain data were analyzed in detail. All the specimens exhibited flexural failure, and the experimental phenomena included the local buckling of external steel plates and compressive failure of internal concrete. The local buckling located between the foundation and first row of connectors, had a limited effect on the bearing capacity of the specimens. The connectors effectively controlled the buckling range of the external steel plates. With increasing axial load, the deformation capacity of the specimens decreased significantly. Under the same displacement, the greater the axial load, the greater the secant stiffness, and the higher the accumulated energy dissipation value. When the load reached its peak value, the yield range of the bottom front steel plates of specimen with large axial load was less than that of the specimen with small axial load. The theoretical formula accurately calculated the flexural bearing capacity of SCSCWs, and the maximum error and the average ratio which was defined as experimental value to calculated value were 9% and 1.02, respectively. The horizontal load-displacement relationship of the specimens was calculated using the OpenSees software, and the maximum error of the bearing capacity was 4%. The parametric analysis showed that increasing the steel plate thickness can effectively improve the bearing capacity of SCSCWs.

Study of U-shape steel-encased composite beams with variable sections under negative bending moments

To reduce steel consumption and improve the negative moment bearing capacity of composite beams, a new type of composite beam with an external U-shaped steel plate was proposed in this paper. Static load tests of three scaled simply supported composite beams were completed, and the failure patterns, load–displacement curves, strain distributions, and slip of the new composite beams under negative bending moments were researched. The results showed that the new composite beam under negative bending moments underwent typical flexural failure with excellent ductility (ductility coefficient of 6.2), wherein the embedded steel plate played a key role in the loading process of the composite beams, contributing more than 50% of the flexural load capacity. On the basis of the experiments, finite element models were established in ABAQUS to investigate the influence of different construction parameters, including the material strength, thicknesses of the external steel plate and the embedded steel plate, and reinforcement ratio. Finally, design formulas were derived according to the simplified plasticity theory to calculate the flexural capacity of the proposed composite beam for engineering practice, which achieved close agreement with the experiments, with an average relative error of 3.5%.

Experimental and numerical study on shear and bending behaviour of external plate concrete beams with prefabricated cages

Experimental and numerical study on shear and bending behaviour of external plate concrete beams with prefabricated cages

Seismic performance of bolted T-stub Beam-to-Box column connection

Using internal continuity plates in box columns due to accessibility problems and complicated detailing of connection was perceived as fraught with shortcomings and limitations. To overcome this deficiency, the effectiveness of external continuity plates in conjugation with T-stub connectors in I-beam to box-column connections under cyclic action is investigated in this study. Three damage control strategies based on the fuse action of T-stubs (T-F), strengthening the connections (T-S), and using reduced beam section (RBS) connections (T-R) are pursued and are compared to a corresponding end-plate connection (E). Nonlinear finite element analyses are conducted using the ABAQUS/STANDARD software on the connections under the qualification cyclic loading conditions to elucidate all the main seismic behavioral aspects, including the strength, initial stiffness, energy dissipation, ductility, von-Mises stress, and equivalent plastic strain distributions of models. First, the accuracy of numerical models is validated by a series of available experimental results. Then, a parametric study is performed on the effects of the moment ratio of the beam to column, the number of continuity plates, stiffeners embedded on the beam, and using high strength materials on the seismic performance of the connections. From the results, it is found that the T-S model was the most efficient among the different connections studied, supplying the stiffness, strength, energy absorption, and ductility increases by 2%, 21%, −17%, and 22%, respectively with respect to the E model, satisfying the requirements of AISC Seismic Provisions for SMF. Increasing the beam-to-column moment ratio and the number of continuity plates, had limited effects by less than 10% on the seismic performance of the connections. In the absence of continuity plates, the connections exhibited worse inelastic seismic performance with decreases in stiffness, strength, and energy dissipation up to 67%, 44%, and 74%, respectively. The T-F connection gained a 13% strength increase and satisfied the AISC requirements when high-strength T-stubs are used. Based on the numerical observations, design strength and rotational stiffness of the proposed connections on the component-based joint design strategies, are finally outlined.

To compare the functional and radiological outcome between external fixation and volar plating for the treatment of intraarticular distal end radius fractures

Background: Fracture of distal radius may be stable that is extra-articular, non-comminuted without distal radio ulnar joint disruption or unstable that is intra-articular, comminuted displaced with distal radio ulnar joint disruption. Complications of unstable fractures are shortening due to bone loss or due to resorption of the cancellous bone from metaphysis, resistant deformity, residual pain, late collapse, radio carpal arthritis and gross functional impairment. Aims and Objective: The purpose of this study to compare the relative efficacy of external fixation versus plating with regard to functional and radiological outcome. Materials and Methods: Total of 60 patients having intraarticular distal end radius fracture were included in this study and was equally divided into two groups, one group treated by external fixator other group with volar locking compression plate with or without augmentation by k-wire. Follow-up was done after 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 ,6 and 12 months. The radiological evaluation was performed with Sarmiento’s Modification of Lindstrom’s Criteria. With the Modified Mayo Wrist Score, the patient’s functional outcomes were assessed and both groups were compared. Results: In this study we found that volar plate group had good to excellent outcome in 73% cases and 07% with fair outcome however with external fixator group found good to excellent in 50% cases and poor in 17% cases. Conclusion: In our study, we showed that the use of an external fixator and a volar locking plate for the treatment of intraarticular distal radial fractures were reliable. The relative simplicity of use, low surgical exposure, and decreased surgical trauma are benefits of external fixation. Despite these volar locking plates augmented with or without k wire had a good to excellent results in terms of early rehabilitation and less complications related to wrist joint. External fixator with ligamentotaxis provide significant good results in communited intraarticular distal end radius fracture.

Low cost energy-efficient preheating of battery module integrated with air cooling based on a heat spreader plate

Integration of heating and cooling functions has aroused increasing interest for the automotive battery modules. The proposed cylindrical 18650 battery module is equipped with an external sleeved spreader plate (SHSP), which features low thermal resistance and a large exchange area as an efficient heat transfer medium. The transient temperature characteristics of the battery module were experimentally investigated in both cooling mode and heating mode, respectively. In cooling mode, the temperature characteristics of the battery module equipped with SHSP were examined. With an inlet velocity of 1 m/s and a discharge rate of 3 C, the temperature rise and temperature difference are only 12.9 °C and 2.83 °C at an ambient temperature of 25 °C, respectively. In heating mode, the heat-up characteristics of the battery module were experimentally examined at a subzero temperature of −20 °C under three different heating protocols: continuous heating, fast-rest-slow heating, and slow-rest-fast heating. Immune from potential effects on the battery internal degradation, the heating rate of the battery module in a continuous heating protocol could reach 6.98 °C/min with a heating efficiency of 69.8%, which outperforms the existing external heating modes.Additionally, the fast-rest-slow heating protocol has clear-cut advantages in terms of heating rate while maintaining a smaller temperature difference during the heating phase. Finally, a simplified thermal resistance network model for the cell is established based on the analysis of the one-dimensional steady state heat transfer. According to projections, the thermal resistance of the present heating model is 2.03 K/W, which is less than the hot air convection heating model by 5.24 K/W. The proposed method exhibits excellent performance and provides a low-cost, highly efficient design solution for the battery module under varying conditions.

Testing and predicting the response of reinforced conrete shear walls retrofitted for recentering

Laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the feasibility of a new retrofit method for reinforced concrete shear walls to enable self-centering and to evaluate strength and drift capacity prediction methods for pre- and post-retrofit walls. The proposed retrofit method involved cutting the base of a wall, adding external post-tensioning, and providing additional confinement at wall toes. Three shear walls, one benchmark and two retrofitted specimens, were tested under quasi-static cyclic lateral loading. The two retrofitted specimens differed in the initial post-tensioning force, external confinement plate size, and base cut shape. The benchmark specimen exhibited both flexure and shear damage, whereas the governing displacement mechanism for the retrofitted walls was rocking at the wall-to-foundation interface. As intended, the strengths of the retrofitted walls were 80% to 100% of that of the benchmark specimen. The retrofitted walls had larger drift capacities, fewer cracks, smaller areas of concrete crushing, lower residual drifts, and sufficient energy dissipation. The existing methods predicted the strength and drift capacity of the pre-retrofit specimen reasonably well, yet overestimated the strength and underestimated the drift capacity of the post-retrofit specimens.

Design and analysis of lattice structure applied humerus semi-prosthesis

Abstract Bone tissue loss may occur in bone structures, which are one of the elements that provide the body’s endurance and movement of living things, due to situations such as falling, hitting, or cancer formation. In bad scenarios, applications such as an external plate or internal rod addition are made to regain the old durability of the structure. At the same time, full or semi-prosthesis applications can be made in cases where the original bone structure cannot be preserved. With today’s advanced possibilities, lattice structures can be produced effortlessly with the additive manufacturing (AM) method. Here, the formation of the structure that can show anisotropic behavior depending on the production and the effect of the roughness caused by the production quality should also be seen in the process plan. In this study, it was aimed to compare the durability of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) and magnesium (ZK60) materials for humeral half prosthesis using cubic-based lattice structure and to show their differences compared to the original bone structure. Maximum stress and deformation values were obtained by performing analyses with the finite element method on the lattice semi-humerus prosthesis obtained with this aim. Reliability analysis was made on the data obtained, and parameter optimization of the lattice structure was aimed. As a result of the study, it was seen that the lattice structure with 65% porosity compared to the reference values is reliable and with the same reliability rate, magnesium provides approximately 60% lightness compared to titanium.

Free Fibula Flap in Traumatic Femoral Bone Reconstruction: A 10-year Review.

The loss of femoral bone substance represents a major therapeutic issue. When the loss of bone substance is extensive, or the local condition is unfavourable, there are few satisfactory solutions. In this study, we share our experience of large femoral bone reconstruction by free fibula flap. A retrospective monocentric chart review (2007-2017) was performed for 26 patients after receiving a pure bone-free fibula flap operation. The times of consolidation and hypertrophy of the graft were analysed according to the fixation with a 2-year follow-up. The time to consolidation was 8.7 months (range, 6-15) for double plates, 7.2 months (range, 5-11) for locked plates, 6 months (range, 5-7) for external fixators and plate blades and 8 months (range, 7-9) for intramedullary nails.Full weight-bearing was resumed at an average of 6.5 months (range, 5-10) postoperatively. It was authorised at 7 months (range, 5-10) for patients fixed by double plate, at 6.3 months (range, 5-9) for those fixed by a locked plate, at 5.5 months (range, 5-6) for those fixed by an external fixator or plate blade and at 7 months for those fixed by an intramedullary nail. Free fibula flap remains reliable in the face of a great loss of bone material after trauma, with high consolidation rates. The choice of fixation must be reasoned and should offer a compromise between stability, allowing consolidation and hypertrophy of the graft, and rigidity, exposing the risk of massive osteosynthesis dismantling. Other multicentric studies, including more patients, should be carried out to compare the techniques of fixation. Viaud-Ambrosino S, Bargemon JBV, Kachouh N, et al. Free Fibula Flap in Traumatic Femoral Bone Reconstruction: A 10-year Review. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2023;18(1):44-50.

Experimental and analytical performance of replaceable shear fuse connections for heavy beams

Experimental testing and finite element analysis were used to quantify the inelastic rotation capacity of replaceable shear fuse connections that exceed the current prequalification limits in AISC 358–22. Three experimental specimens with W1000 × 591 beams were tested per the procedures in AISC 341 Chapter K. Fuse plate geometry and the number of fuse plate bolts varied between specimens. All three specimens completed at least one cycle at 0.04 rad, with one specimen completing a cycle at 0.06 rad under the standard AISC special moment frame connection loading protocol. Using extra bolts on the fuse plate to match the bolts at the top flange in one configuration resulted in higher strains in the fuse yielding regions. Finite element models confirmed that about 90% of the moment at the face of the column was transmitted by the horizontal couple at the beam flange levels and that bolt lines should be more centered on the external connection plates. The connections had high post-yield stiffness and had strain hardening factors of up to 1.52. A more transparent procedure for addressing strain hardening in design was developed.

Increasing the Force Exertion of a Soft Actuator Using Externally Attachable Inter-Chamber Plates

The application of soft actuators has become increasingly common in wearable devices. In this study, we investigated the force characteristics of soft actuators made entirely of elastic material, when equipped with solid external chamber plates of varying thickness that can be attached from the outside. This study examines the effect of these plates on the force characteristics of a fully silicone-based fifteen-chamber soft actuator without any non-stretchable internal components. The parameters of the actuator were determined with consideration of wearable applications, such as rehabilitation devices and exoskeletons. The observed differences in the behavior of the actuator at various pressure levels and plate thicknesses were measured. Furthermore, the effect of the externally inserted plates between the chambers on the passive bending of the actuator was examined. The obtained results were evaluated and compared to determine how external chamber plates of given thicknesses affect the operational performance of a soft actuator.

Repeated impact performance of stainless steel-lightweight high ductility cement composite beams

Engineering structures serving in the marine environment may be subjected to multiple impact loading effects such as repeated impacts from floating ice, ship and dropped objects. Compared with reinforced concrete structures, steel–concrete–steel composite structures can maintain better integrity under continuous impacts due to the restraining effect of the external steel plates on the internal concrete. In this study, repeated impact tests are conducted to investigate the effect of different parameters on the multiple impact response of the stainless steel-lightweight high ductility cement composite (LHDCC) beam, which were previously designed by the authors. The failure modes, impact force history, displacement history, velocity history, strain history and reaction force–displacement curve of the composite beam under multiple impacts are analyzed in detail. Finite element simulation using LS-DYNA is carried out to investigate the impact and energy dissipation of the composite beams, in which the multi-drop hammer modeling method is proposed to simulate the multiple impact scenarios. To improve the simulation accuracy, uniaxial and triaxial tests on LHDCC materials are conducted to calibrate the parameters of the Continuous Surface Cap Model (CSCM) constitutive model. The numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Case study of shear strengthening of RC Corbels by steel plates using fea

The study aimed to explore the possibility of strengthening RC corbels with many strengthening techniques. The research analyzed the RC corbels behavior under a wide range of variables. The theoretical study consisted of twelve models reinforced with GFRP bars with strengthening by steel plate. Finite element analysis with ANSYS APDL was used to verify five specimens. This research deals with a static nonlinear FE simulation to investigate the behavior of RC Corbels reinforced internally and externally. The verification with experimental work demonstrated a satisfactory agreement in the load-displacement relationship, ultimate load and displacement, and failure mode. The parametric study was implemented which included strengthening the four concrete corbels externally and four corbels internally by a steel plate in many configurations while the remaining three were modeled with varied compressive strength (30, 40, and 50) MPa. The external strengthening included the placing of steel plate externally around the corbel in a U-shaped form and partial strengthening by strips and bottom plate. The models with internal strengthening involved placing the steel plate internally instead of stirrups. The results discovered that the strengthening provided enrichments in the stiffness, ductility, and energy absorption by 37 %, 4 %, and 26 %. In addition, in the case of full external strengthening more than internal retrofitting, there is a maximum improvement in the cracking and ultimate load carrying capacity. The external strengthening was better than internal one due to the confinement effect of the concrete. The stress distribution and crack pattern were affected by the strengthening techniques and more cracks appeared in the corbels with external steel plates.

A rare case report of congenital pseudoarthrosis of tibia and fibula managed with dual modality of treatment: Ilizarov external fixator and plate osteosynthesis

A rare case report of congenital pseudoarthrosis of tibia and fibula managed with dual modality of treatment: Ilizarov external fixator and plate osteosynthesis

A novel vertical waterproofing joint with trapezoidal steel plate connections for steel–concrete underground silos: Bending test and numerical simulation

Steel-concrete silo is a popular option in green grain storage project due to its pretty stiffness and better waterproof. However, the structural form and mechanical properties of vertical joints in the prefabricated steel–concrete silo are two key problems, which restrict its wide application. Consequently, a novel vertical waterproofing joint with trapezoidal steel plate (TSP) connections is proposed for steel–concrete underground silos. The TSP is welded laterally between the adjacent prefabricated silo walls, and it also needs to undertake part of the axial force transmission of underground silos. Firstly, the steel–concrete specimen of two-TSPs’ deformation, interior force, failure mode and mechanism are analyzed comprehensively. Secondly, two numerical model of the steel–concrete silo wall with non-TSP and two-TSP are established on ABAQUS. Finally, the effect of different parameters on mechanical properties are analyzed. Experimental results show that, compared with the specimens with non-TSP, the deflection of the proposed two-TSP connection is decreased by 270% and the yield load of internal waterproof steel plate is increased by 29%. When the internal waterproof steel plate is yield, the compressive strain of external waterproof steel plate and TSP in the upper part are similar, while its internal tensile strain in the lower part have a little gap. TSP can cooperative work with both internal and external waterproof steel plates. Numerical results are difference from test results by only 5.34% and 4.48% respectively, which verifies that the numerical model is effective and feasible. Meanwhile, it is also found that the proposed novel connection has the greatest strength enhancement effect on flexural bearing capacity of vertical joint, and the greatest effect on improving the flexural bearing capacity of vertical joint.