External Impulse Research Articles

Modele zmian stopy bezrobocia w ujęciu przestrzennym

Statistical and econometric analyses make possible to analyze spatial processes depending on phenomena location. This allows to separate and to monitor an external impulse in space and time. Graphical presented changes in surveyed areas as well as their comparison with changes in neighbouring units allow to monitor creating spatial clusters of similar values of a researched features and spatial clusters with similar phenomena. The article tries to prove that global crisis changes in unemployment rate did not show any diffusion. There were no change transfers to neighbour areas. Local changes in unemployment rates were reaction to external impulse (economic crisis). Strong regional centers (voivodship capitals) preserve their "resistance areas" of about 100 km around which make impossible to transfer impulses from neighbour areas.

Cues on apparel web sites that trigger impulse purchases

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the external cues on apparel web sites that encourage impulse buying.Design/methodology/approach – Focus group interviews were first conducted to identify potential external cues on apparel web sites. The findings from the focus group interviews were then used to create an appropriate coding guide. A content analysis of 60 apparel web sites was then conducted to assess the extent to which external trigger cues of impulse buying are available on apparel web sites.Findings – From the focus group interviews, four mutually exclusive thematic categories, consisting of 20 external trigger cues of impulse buying, were identified; sales, promotions, ideas, and suggestions. A content analysis of these external impulse buying cues was presented. A correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between retailers' web sales and the amount of external cues present on their web sites.Research limitations/implications – The findings from the study suggest tha...

1P216 1YA0900 哺乳動物細胞の細胞分裂は外部機械刺激によって誘起される(細胞生物的課題(接着,運動,骨格,伝達,膜),日本生物物理学会若手奨励賞選考会,若手招待講演,第48回日本生物物理学会年会)

1P216 1YA0900 哺乳動物細胞の細胞分裂は外部機械刺激によって誘起される(細胞生物的課題(接着,運動,骨格,伝達,膜),日本生物物理学会若手奨励賞選考会,若手招待講演,第48回日本生物物理学会年会)

Developing an estimate of daily cumulative loading for the knee: Examining test–retest reliability

Although the knee adduction moment during gait is a valid and reliable proxy for the dynamic load on the medial compartment of the knee, it represents exposure to loading during one stride only. In contrast, a measure that incorporates both the nature and frequency of loading throughout daily activities might provide additional insight into the effects of cumulative knee loading. The purpose of this study was to introduce a new representation of daily cumulative knee loading and examine its test–retest reliability. Thirty healthy adults participated. Cumulative knee loading was calculated on two testing periods from the mean external knee adduction moment stance phase impulse, measured with a three-dimensional motion capture system over five walking trials, and mean steps/day, measured with a unidimensional accelerometer over one week. Analysis for test–retest reliability included Bland–Altman graphs, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC 2,1) and standard errors of measurements (SEM). The ICC values for cumulative knee loading, adduction impulse and steps/day ranged from 0.84 to 0.89. Bland–Altman plots suggested daily cumulative knee loading and steps/day measures were less reliable at higher values. The SEM values were 9.67 kNm s, 1.45 Nm s and 1043 steps/day for cumulative knee loading, adduction impulse and steps/day, respectively. Daily cumulative knee loading is reliable and provides a stable measure of the total exposure to knee loading. These findings support further study of cumulative knee loading to determine its potential clinical importance.

Possible pathways between depression, emotional and external eating. A structural equation model

Emotional and external eating appear to co-occur and both have been shown to correlate to neuroticism, especially depression. However, there is evidence suggesting that emotional and external eating are independent constructs. In this study we revisited the relation between depression, emotional, and external eating. Using structural equation modelling, we examined whether depression, emotional and external eating are directly related and also indirectly related through the intervening concepts alexithymia and impulsivity. Participants were 549 females concerned about their weight. They filled out instruments on emotional and external eating, depression, alexithymia, and impulse regulation. The relational structure between the model variables was explored for one half of the participants and this solution was checked using the other half. Our data showed a moderate relationship between emotional and external eating. Depression was positively and directly associated with emotional eating, but not with external eating. In addition, depression was indirectly related to emotional eating through both alexithymia and impulsivity. A significant relation was found between impulsivity and external eating. Results suggest potential mediating pathways between depression and emotional eating, while no relation appeared to exist between depression and external eating. Emotional and external eating would appear to be different constructs.

External and internal trigger cues of impulse buying online

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the internal and external factors of impulse buying in online shopping.Design/methodology/approach – Two pretests were conducted; Pretest 1 to identify external impulse trigger cues on web sites and Pretest 2 to evaluate the content validity of the findings from Pretest 1. Based on the pretests, a web experiment and survey were conducted to explore the effect of different external impulse trigger cues on impulse‐buying behavior online and also to examine how internal factors of impulse buying (impulse‐buying tendency (IBT), affective and cognitive state, normative evaluation) are related to online impulse‐buying behaviors.Findings – No significant differences were found among the types of external impulse trigger cues, however a positive correlation was found between a person's IBT and online impulse‐buying behavior, and between a person's affective state and online impulse‐buying behavior. A negative correlation was found between a person's cognitive ...

Compensation of nonlinearities in active magnetic bearings with variable force bias for zero- and reduced-bias operation

Compensation of the active magnetic bearing actuator nonlinearities for a variable force bias control is demonstrated. Instead of the classical premagnetization current, a force bias is applied. In the proposed novel compensation method, the magnetic force bias is produced by an on-line tunable set bias current, which may be adjusted by some upper control scheme. The compensation of the nonlinearities for the zero- and reduced-bias operation is implemented as a part of the inner current control loop. In the outer position control loop, an optimal stabilizing controller is employed. With a controller applying the compensation of nonlinearities and the zero-bias current, it is possible to achieve a dynamic performance comparable with that of a controller with the classical bias current. Stable operation under step position references and external impulse disturbance forces with the zero force bias is shown. Additionally, the initial lift up of the rotor with the zero force bias is presented and the robust stability of the compensated controller is verified using sensitivity functions.

Dynamics and Impact Control of a Flying Soccer Ball

Dynamics and Impact Control of a Flying Soccer Ball Jae Yeon Choi and Byung-Ju Yi School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791 (Received 12 August 2008, in nal form 31 October 2008) This paper deals with the dynamics and the impact control of a soccer ball driven by a kicking robot. The trajectory of the ball is a function of its initial velocity, launch angle and some aerodynamic e ect. Specially, the initial velocity is created by an instant impulse given to the ball. The external impulse exerted on a ball by a kicking robot is a function of the robot's geometry and dynamic parameters. Initially, we analyze the external impulses for several kicking postures and we simulate trajectories for several di erent kicking conditions. Based on this observation, a trajectory-planning algorithm calculating the initial velocity and the launch angle of the ball is proposed, an external impulse required for that motion is calculated and the result is applied to the kicking simulation. The aerodynamic e ect, such as the drag force and the lift force, is also incorporated into the dynamic simulation of the soccer ball. A kicking robot has been developed for experimental veri cation of the proposed analytical methodology. The experimental result is shown to be in good agreement with the simulation result within a 10 % error bound. PACS numbers: 45.40.Ln, 05.45.-a

MODELING OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL IMPULSES IN CASE OF MULTIPLE COLLISIONS

When a robot system collides with environment, not only the contact point but also the joints of the robot system experience impulsive forces or moments. In the real environment, the structure collides with environment at multiple points. However, most previous modeling methods have assumed one point contact to environment. In this work, we propose external and internal impulse models in case of multiple contact. The case of one point contact is compared to the case of multiple points contact through simulation.

Effects of drowsiness on evoked response

Event Abstract Back to Event Effects of drowsiness on evoked response Jiri Coufal1* and M. Mojžíš1 1 University of West Bohemia, Czechia In this paper we address major problem of present time – traffic accidents. They are caused by various factors. We are focusing on one of them – the driver’s ability to stay vigilant and resist the fatigue. We are exploring a relation of vigilance level with brain activity. Among many methods of brain activity monitoring we have chosen the electroencephalography. In healthy subjects brain potentials keep stable form when no external impulse is present. When the external impulse comes, human brain activity waveform is altered. Such response is called event related potential or evoked potential. Our primary objective is to evaluate subject’s vigilance level on the basis of the latency time when the impulse is processed with brain cognitive centers. The foreshadowed method of vigilance evaluation has to be proven. For that purpose we use scenarios resembling real traffic situations. The subject drives a vehicle on a monotonous road. His ride is interrupted by various obstacles suddenly appearing in front of him. The scenario is implemented in sophisticated simulation software. The simulator has to offer immersive experience for the test subject and its control has to be simple enough not to distract him. It also provides wide range of modification possibilities including powerful scripting language. The progress of the simulation along with continuous brain activity recording is the subject of an analysis and classification. That is done by wavelet transformation as a method of input signal analysis and processing. The result of the method is length of an interval between impulse and brain response. Apart from that, other methods of signal analysis and feature extraction are experimented with. Most important required qualities are time consumption of the calculation (it has to work online) and precision. The secondary objective is to extend the experiment using a feedback. Ascertained level of vigilance is used as parameter affecting course of the scenario. For example its fluctuation modifies the interval between obstacle re-spawn. Consecutive change of subject’s attention level is subject of our research as well. Our simulation/analysis framework is designed for wide range of experiments involving traffic situation and their impact on state of human mind. In full paper we are going to present results arising from its online operation. Conference: 10th International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience, Bodrum, Turkey, 1 Sep - 5 Sep, 2008. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Neuroinformatics of Cognition Citation: Coufal J and Mojžíš M (2008). Effects of drowsiness on evoked response. Conference Abstract: 10th International Conference on Cognitive Neuroscience. doi: 10.3389/conf.neuro.09.2009.01.324 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 15 Dec 2008; Published Online: 15 Dec 2008. * Correspondence: Jiri Coufal, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czechia, jcoufal@kiv.zcu.cz Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Jiri Coufal M. Mojžíš Google Jiri Coufal M. Mojžíš Google Scholar Jiri Coufal M. Mojžíš PubMed Jiri Coufal M. Mojžíš Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Impact Modeling of Sawing Tasks and Experimental Verification Using a Parallel Robot

The amount of the external impulse exerted on the object being sawn has been treated one of important control parameters. At the same time, the internal impulses experienced in the joints should be taken into account to avoid serious damage or injury at the joints of robot. This paper discusses the impulse models in a straight sawing task. And, a motion planning algorithm is proposed, which employs the external and internal impulses as performance indices. For this, the gradient projection method is employed to exploit the kinematic redundancy of the robot structure. Finally, through both simulation and experimentation for the sawing task, the effectiveness of the proposed motion planning algorithm could be verified.

Knee joint loading differs in individuals with mild compared with moderate medial knee osteoarthritis

To compare the knee joint loading patterns in individuals with differing radiographic grades of knee osteoarthritis (OA) for characterization of the mechanical implications of different structural states, and to compare the knee adduction angular impulse, a measure of gait complementary to the commonly used peak knee adduction moment. Asymptomatic subjects (those without knee OA) having a Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) radiographic severity grade of 0 or 1 (n = 28) and subjects with symptomatic knee OA having K/L grades of 2 (n = 66) or 3 (n = 23) were recruited. Gait analysis was used to calculate the peak external knee adduction moment and the external knee adduction angular impulse for the whole stance and for the 4 subdivisions of stance. Both the peak knee adduction moment and the knee adduction angular impulse increased with K/L radiographic grade (P < 0.05). However, only the knee adduction angular impulse differed between subjects with moderate (grade 3) and those with mild (grade 2) radiographic knee OA (P < 0.05). The differences between mild and moderate symptomatic radiographic knee OA are not only structural but also functional, based on the magnitude of load in the medial knee joint. Moreover, knee adduction angular impulse provides additional information beyond that available from the peak knee adduction moment, and may therefore be an important gait parameter to include in OA research. These findings are important for our understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of OA.

INTERFERER REJECTION IMPROVED BY NOISE IN ULTRA-WIDEBAND TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Ultra-wideband technology uses baseband transmission of low-power ultra-short information-bearing impulses, and represents a promising approach for very-high speed wireless communications with multiple access, as well as for low-rate high-accuracy positioning systems. The first demonstrations of the huge potential of ultra-wideband were based on hypotheses of perfect power control and multiuser interferences modeled as white Gaussian noise. Here, by explicitly modeling the interference with an external impulse signal, we demonstrate the possibility of improving the rejection of the interferer thanks to a constructive action of the noise. This is interpreted as a novel instance of the phenomenon of stochastic resonance or improvement by noise in signal processing.

Ergebnisse der sakralen Neuromodulation bei Therapie der überaktiven Blase

Currently, sacral nerve modulation (SNM) is an effective treatment for overactive bladder symptoms which are refractory to anticholinergic or muscarinergic treatment. However, SNM requires the implantation of stimulation electrodes at the sacral nerves and a subcutaneous impulse generator. The SNM procedure can be divided into three phases: the acute phase comprising the implantation of the test stimulation electrodes, the subchronic stimulation phase over a period of 7-14 days during which neurostimulation takes place by means of an external impulse generator, and finally chronic SNM after implantation of the final impulse generator. In 1981 the SNM technique for treatment of bladder dysfunctions was first developed by Tanagho and Schmidt and has since been refined, while the range of indications has been extended continuously. It has been shown that patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunctions are able to gain the greatest benefit from SNM. The long-term results of SNM are very encouraging so far. In addition, a highly innovative and promising technique is the implantation of a miniaturized impulse generator with integrated stimulation electrode at the n. pudendus. However, the outcome of these trials has not fully been capable of living up to the expectations so far.

A Proposal of Optimum Groove Design Concepts of Spiral-Grooved Journal Bearings Applied to Spindles of Precision Equipments (2nd Report, A Guide for Reduction of Amplitude of Indicial Response)

Optimum designs of the groove dimensions of spiral-grooved journal bearing applied to the spindle of precision equipments are discussed in the course of the study, and the NRRO (non-repeatable run-out) characteristic of the bearing is focused in this paper. The NRRO is formulated as an indicial response of the rotor against an external impulse load, so that three kinds of evaluation indices, i.e., “maximum displacement Emax”, “displacement integration Σ” and “displacement composition Ec”, are introduced to evaluate the characteristics of the indicial response of the rotor. The optimum values of groove parameters are calculated through minimization of each evaluation index value. The performances for the bearings with the obtained groove dimensions are examined, concluding that the groove design according to the “minimizing Ec” criterion is recommendable rather than that to the conventional “maximizing Kxx” criterion.

Performance Analysis of Sawing Based on Impulse Measure and Geometry—Dublahal Arm Approach

Some of manufacturing tasks, such as sawing, often require continuous impulsive motion. In the case of sawing, such impulsive motions can be observed between the teeth of the saw and the object. The amount of the external impulse exerted on the object has been treated as an important control parameter. At the same time, the internal impulses experienced at the joints should be taken into account to avoid serious damage or injury at the joints of robot. The purpose of this paper is to improve the efficacy of sawing by using dual arms. For this, we suggest an external impulse model, and introduce a new concept of effective mass that accounts for the hardness of the object to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed chip model employed in the derivation of the external impulse model. Closed-form internal impulse models are also proposed for both single and dual arms. Based on these models, the paper proposes a new measure for internal impulse. A normalized impulse ellipsoid reflecting the velocity direction is employed to visualize the impact geometry. Finally, we identify the optimal sawing region, wherein there is a maximum amount of external impulse and a minimal amount of the internal impulse. Simulation and experimentation demonstrate that the dual arm exhibits a better sawing performance than a single arm, in terms of external and internal impulses.

충격과 ZMP 조건을 고려한 인체 모델의 착지 동작 해석

This paper deals with modeling and analysis fer the landing motion of a human-body model. First, the dynamic model of a floating human body is derived. The external impulse exerted on the ground as well as the internal impulse experienced at the joints of the human body model is analyzed. Second, a motion planning algorithm exploiting the kinematic redundancy is suggested to ensure stability in terms of ZMP stability condition during a series of landing phases. Four phases of landing motion are investigated. In simulation, the external and internal impulses experienced at the human joints and the ZMP history resulting from the motion planning are analyzed for two different configurations. h desired landing posture is suggested by comparison of the simulation results.

Transient Response Analysis of Piezoelectric Vibrator Driven by Impulse Force

In this paper, the investigation of a voltage transient response and its characteristics for a piezoelectric vibrator driven by an external impulse force is reported. An equivalent circuit with an impulse force is used to first derive a theoretical transient response and its characteristics. Then, a driving and measuring system is constructed to determine the transient responses and their characteristics at various impulse forces. Moreover, relationships between the transient response and the impulse force are measured and discussed.

인간형 로봇의 임팩트 모델과 공기역학을 고려한 축구공의 궤적 계획

Usual human gait can be modeled as continual impact phenomenon that happens due to the topological change of the kinematic structure of the two feet. The human being adapts his own control algorithm to minimize the ill effect due to the collision with the environment. In order to operate a Humanoid robot like the human being, it is necessary to understand the physics of the impact and to derive an analytical model of the impact. In this paper, specially, we focus on impact analysis of the kicking motion in playing soccer. At the instant of impact, the external impulse exerted on the ball by the foot is an important property. Initially, we introduce the complete external impulse model of the lower-extremity of the human body and analyze the external impulses for several kicking postures of the lower-extremity. Secondly, a trajectory-planning algorithm of a ball, in which the initial velocity and the launch angle of the ball are calculated for a desired trajectory of the ball, will be introduced. The aerodynamic effect such as drag force and lift force is also considered. We carry out numerical simulation and experimentation to verify the effectiveness of the proposed analytical methodology.

Evolution of Annular Self-controlled Electron?Nucleus Collapse in Condensed Targets

We considered peculiarities of the evolution of a region with sharp boundaries that is filled with a partially ionized plasma and is a part of the volume of a condensed target. The creation of such a region in the near-surface layer of the target can be related to the action of an external impulse symmetric ionizator or to the action of an intense small-extension shock wave on the target surface. We defined the conditions such that their fulfilment during the establishment of the equilibrium between the Coulomb attraction of electrons and ions with atom ionization multiplicity Z*1 and the kinetic pressure of electrons causes both the compression of this region and its ionization to the state with Z*2 > Z*1. The last leads to a further additional compression and ionization. Under these conditions, the spontaneous avalanche-like ionization of atoms of the target to the state of ‘‘bare’’ nuclei occurs synchronously with the avalanche-like metallization and the self-compression of the target. We showed that the avalanche-like ionization and the self-compression of the target happen in the case where the gas of degenerate electrons has drift momentum. If the region with initial ionization has the form of thin spherical layer, the process of avalanche-like ionization and self-compression of the target in this region is accompanied by the accelerated movement of the plasma layer to the target center. One of the reasons for the accelerated movement is the surface tension in a bounded domain of the nonequilibrium plasma layer neutralized by ions of the target. With increase in the velocity of movement of this layer to the target center, the additional self-compression of the system of electrons and nuclei to the state of degenerate electron gas occurs. At the leading edge of the running layer with extremely high electron density which is neutralized by nuclei of the target, the formation of a collapse of the electron--nucleus system proceeds, and the binding energy maximum for the electron--nucleus system shifts from A≈60 to A ≫ 60. This result makes possible the fast synthesis of superheavy nuclei. The decay of the collapse state, a partial restoration of the target structure, its rapid cooling, and the condensation of a part of the products of nuclear reactions happen in the target volume at the trailing edge of the moving plasma layer. Upon such a scanning propagation of the wave with high electron density, all the target substance is involved, step-by-step, to the process of nuclear transformations. At the target center, the moving plasma layer is squeezed with the formation of the state of quasistationary collapse under inertial confinement. Then the collapse state decays irreversibly.