External Factors Research Articles

Analisis Budaya Organisasi Karyawan PT. Exedy Manufacturing Indonesia

The social relationships created in an organization need a cultural bond to achieve the desired goals. The purpose of this research is to determine the application of organizational culture at PT. Exedy Manufacturing Indonesia. The research design uses quantitative methods with factor analysis. Research location at PT. Exedy Manufacturing Indonesia. Data was collected through observation and questionnaires. The research population was all employees at the company PT. Exedy Manufacturing Indonesia. Samples were taken randomly from various departments with a total of 100 respondents. The research results show that the three organizational culture factors that exist at PT. Exedy Manufacturing Indonesia namely Team Orientation, Stability, Innovation and risk taking. Component (factor) 1 has a correlation value of 0.799 > 0.5. Component (factor) 2 has a correlation value of 0.738 > 0.5. Component (factor) 3 has a correlation value of 0.739 > 0.5. These three factors include internal and external factors, so they can be used as a reference for PT. Exedy Manufacturing Indonesia to carry out improvements and developments.

Analisis Beban Kerja Karyawan Pada CV. Petroasia Jaya Utama

Employees are important in the company, they must be guaranteed and maintained by the company. This relates to paying attention to workload on employees. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the workload on employees of CV. Petroasia Jaya Utama. This article identifies 2 dimensions of workload, namely internal factors and external factors. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method, this research also involves interviews and observations. The interviewees in this study involved 5 employees at the research location at CV. Petroasia Jaya Utama. The results showed that internal and external workloads have a significant influence on employee performance. Employees who experience excessive workload and an uncomfortable work environment tend to experience fatigue and are less productive. Therefore, companies should pay attention to employee workload and take steps to reduce workload and improve the quality of the work environment. The results of this study can be used as reference material for companies to improve employee performance and reduce the workload faced by employees.

Evaluation of Terpene Decomposition in Kaffir Lime Juice during Storage Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry.

Kaffir lime juice, often treated as production waste, can be a good source of terpenes. These compounds undergo various decomposition processes under the influence of external factors, especially during transportation and storage. In this paper, it was possible to monitor changes in the terpene profile of kaffir lime juice under different storage conditions, namely, 4 °C, 20 °C, and 35 °C. The identification of key decomposition products was achieved using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and a data mining protocol. It was followed by tracing those products in different storage conditions using a high-throughput proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) approach. Based on our findings, degradation pathways were presented, showing that the main products resulting from storage are p-cymene, p-cymenene, terpinene-4-ol, and α-terpineol. It was shown that conversion to p-cymenene occurs after 5 days of storage. Terpinene-4-ol and α-terpineol were found to be the final products of the conversion at all temperatures. Changes in the composition of terpenes are important from the point of view of their bioactive properties.

Dielectric anisotropy in self-assembling MXene-based lyotropic nematic compounds

The formation of a lyotropic liquid crystal phase at the level of MXene-based aqueous dispersions due to the self-assembling capacity of these two-dimensional (2D) materials has been previously successfully reported. However, the influence of electrical external factors has been less studied in spite of the fact that understanding the electrical behaviour of 2D-based liquid crystal compounds is vital for fostering the development of new innovative applications. Consequently, within this paper, we report an in-depth evaluation of the dielectric properties of liquid crystalline phases in Ti3C2 MXene aqueous dispersions. The dependence on the low voltage of planar ε⊥′ to homeotropic ε∥′ orientational transition is emphasized and discussed, while the influence of the electric field frequency at the level of dielectric anisotropy is assessed in respect to various concentrations of MXene flakes within the same 2D-based compounds. Nonetheless, dielectric spectroscopy highlights the biphasic nature (containing both nematic and isotropic phases) of the studied aqueous Ti3C2 MXene inks visible up to 20% MXene. Above this concentration, the existence of a pure nematic phase in the dispersion of highMXene concentration (>20 wt%) was detected based on the evaluation of dielectric permittivity against various voltage values.

Green human resource management practices in the manufacturing industry: A sustainable approach

Purpose: This study investigates the adoption of environmentally friendly Human Resource Management (HRM) practices as a sustainable strategy in the manufacturing sector. It focuses on how employees' environmental consciousness, environmental regulations, and companies’ environmental performance impact the implementation of green HRM practices. Research Methodology: The study involved surveying employees and managers in manufacturing companies, with data gathered and analyzed quantitatively. Results: The findings indicate that Employees’ environmental awareness significantly influences the adoption of green HR practices, whereas the effect of environmental regulations is relatively positive. Furthermore, a company’s environmental performance was found to be positively correlated with its green HR practices. Limitations: This was a survey-based study. Further qualitative studies should be conducted to improve the quality of results. Contribution: Suggestions for future research include conducting further studies to comprehend the internal and external factors influencing the adoption of green HR practices and considering the role of organizational culture and individual motivation in promoting such practices. This will provide a more comprehensive understanding of green HR strategies, which can assist manufacturing companies in achieving enhanced environmental sustainability.

Research on the Entrepreneurial Process of Hidden Champion: A Case Study Base on Opportunity-resource Integration

Objective: This research aimed to explore the internal mechanism of transforming strategic orientation into the entrepreneurial performance of hidden champion start-ups. Methods: Based on the theory of opportunity-resource integration, the research adopted a longitudinal single-case study method to explore the opportunity-resource integration behaviors guided by the strategic orientation of Company A, and build the “orientation-behavior-performance” model. Results: The research found that internal and external factors influenced the selection of strategic orientation at each stage of hidden champion start-ups. Guided by different strategic orientations, hidden champion start-ups achieved rapid growth in entrepreneurial performance through corresponding opportunity-resource integration behaviors. Conclusion: Start-ups should flexibly choose a strategic orientation to guide the identification of opportunities and integration of resources according to the resources available at each stage.

Macroeconomic Determinants of Remittances Inflow in Nepal

Background: The phenomenon of international migration and remittances has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in the context of developing countries like Nepal. In 2020 alone, remittance flows to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) reached $540 billion. In many developing nations worldwide, including Nepal, migration has become an important source of income and foreign exchange, providing critical support for households and contributing to economic growth. Objective: To investigate the effect of various macroeconomic factors on remittance inflow in Nepal. Methods: Using the ARDL approach to co-integration, the study examines Nepal's short-run and long-run macroeconomic determinants of remittances, utilising annual data from 1993 to 2021. Results: The study finds that global oil prices, nominal exchange rate, and domestic output influence remittance inflow in Nepal. None of the macroeconomic variables affect remittance inflow significantly in the short run, while the oil price is positive and significant in the long run. The study also identifies the existence of a correction mechanism in the case of remittances whenever deviations from the long-run equilibrium occur. Furthermore, a negative association between domestic GDP and remittances corroborates the common finding that remittances are countercyclical and altruistic. Implications: The study has major policy implications, highlighting that remittance inflows are affected by external factors and that there is a negative relationship between domestic GDP and remittance inflows. These findings should be considered when formulating policies related to foreign employment and remittance inflows. Paper Types: Research Paper JEL classification: B22, F24, C22

Macroeconomic Determinants of Remittances Inflow in Nepal

Background: The phenomenon of international migration and remittances has gained significant attention in recent years, particularly in the context of developing countries like Nepal. In 2020 alone, remittance flows to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) reached $540 billion. In many developing nations worldwide, including Nepal, migration has become an important source of income and foreign exchange, providing critical support for households and contributing to economic growth. Objective: To investigate the effect of various macroeconomic factors on remittance inflow in Nepal. Methods: Using the ARDL approach to co-integration, the study examines Nepal's short-run and long-run macroeconomic determinants of remittances, utilising annual data from 1993 to 2021. Results: The study finds that global oil prices, nominal exchange rate, and domestic output influence remittance inflow in Nepal. None of the macroeconomic variables affect remittance inflow significantly in the short run, while the oil price is positive and significant in the long run. The study also identifies the existence of a correction mechanism in the case of remittances whenever deviations from the long-run equilibrium occur. Furthermore, a negative association between domestic GDP and remittances corroborates the common finding that remittances are countercyclical and altruistic. Implications: The study has major policy implications, highlighting that remittance inflows are affected by external factors and that there is a negative relationship between domestic GDP and remittance inflows. These findings should be considered when formulating policies related to foreign employment and remittance inflows. Paper Types: Research Paper JEL classification: B22, F24, C22

The impact of risk management implementation on the effectiveness of SAI’s internal audit function

Internal audits play an important role in monitoring the achievement of organizational objectives. However, research on the factors influencing the success of internal audits remains limited. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of BPK’s Itama (The Inspectorate General of the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia) functions, hypothesized to be influenced by risk management policy implementation. This study employs quantitative methods; data were collected via surveys and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test theory-based hypotheses. Results reveal a significant positive correlation between risk management policy implementation and the effective functioning of Itama. Additionally, the study identifies key factors determining the success of risk management policy implementation: economic, social, and political conditions. Therefore, internal auditors of supreme audit institutions must consider these external factors when implementing risk management policies. This study contributes to understanding internal audit effectiveness by highlighting the impact of external economic, social, and political conditions.

Weather-Related Combined Effect on Failure Propagation and Maintenance Procedures towards Sustainable Gas Pipeline Infrastructure

Weather-related events are among the major causes of failure propagation in natural gas pipeline infrastructure. The interaction between multiple natural-force factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and wind, and their unpredictable simultaneous occurrence can intensify the vulnerability of pipeline infrastructure, increasing the likelihood of leaks, ruptures, and mechanical damage. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the combined effect of weather-related events on the failure propagation of pipelines, focusing on the impact of weather-related external force factors and climate change on sustainable pipeline integrity, including corrosion, erosion, and mechanical damage. Additionally, the paper examines various maintenance policies and strategies that can be implemented to mitigate the impact of weather-related failures. The review highlights gaps in existing knowledge and future research directions to enhance the understanding of weather-related failure propagation in natural gas pipeline infrastructure. This paper provides insights into the challenges and opportunities for improving the resilience and sustainability of pipeline infrastructure to weather-related failures.

Weather-Related Combined Effect on Failure Propagation and Maintenance Procedures towards Sustainable Gas Pipeline Infrastructure

Weather-related events are among the major causes of failure propagation in natural gas pipeline infrastructure. The interaction between multiple natural-force factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and wind, and their unpredictable simultaneous occurrence can intensify the vulnerability of pipeline infrastructure, increasing the likelihood of leaks, ruptures, and mechanical damage. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the combined effect of weather-related events on the failure propagation of pipelines, focusing on the impact of weather-related external force factors and climate change on sustainable pipeline integrity, including corrosion, erosion, and mechanical damage. Additionally, the paper examines various maintenance policies and strategies that can be implemented to mitigate the impact of weather-related failures. The review highlights gaps in existing knowledge and future research directions to enhance the understanding of weather-related failure propagation in natural gas pipeline infrastructure. This paper provides insights into the challenges and opportunities for improving the resilience and sustainability of pipeline infrastructure to weather-related failures.

труктурно-содержательная трансформация концепта-сценария ТРУД на материале публицистики 1940–2020-х гг.

The article is devoted to the representation of the concept-scenario LABOR in the publicistic contexts of the period 1940-2000s, the main representatives of the concept LABOR, which possess high and low combinability within the framework of publicistic contexts, the linguocognitive model of the scenario is reconstructed, as well as the main changes of the labor scenario. As a result of the analysis of 2000 contexts with representatives of the concept LABOR the conclusions are made that the content of the concept LABOR is subject to dynamic transformations under the influence of extralinguistic factors, which is manifested in the ways of linguistic explication of information relevant to the native speaker of the Russian language. Thus, the article presents a model of the concept LABOR, including separate blocks of the scenario (subject, addressee, process, result, characteristic of labor), shows the transformation of the labor scenario under the influence of external factors. The strongest transformations are exposed in the structure of the concept LABOR to the representation of the subject and addressee of labor, with unique features (collective nature of the subject, separation of the subject and addressee) represented in the period of domination of the Soviet ideological picture of the world.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Menyebabkan Terjadinya Pembiayaan Bermasalah Pada Akad Al-Qardh di Koperasi Syariah Majelis Ta’lim Masjid Al-Arif Kota Bandung

The occurrence of problematic financing will have a negative impact on the financial condition of cooperatives and affect the income of sharia cooperatives. Therefore, with the phenomenon of Al-Qardh financing problems at the Sharia Cooperative of the Ta'lim Council of Al-Arif Mosque in Bandung, researchers are interested in conducting research entitled Factors Causing the Occurrence of Problematic Al-Qardh Financing in the Sharia Cooperative of the Ta'lim Al-Arif Council of Bandung City. The research method used by researchers is descriptive qualitative method. Al-Qardh financing is one of the products in the Sharia Cooperative Cooperative Majelis Ta'lim Masjid Al-Arif, this product also has many enthusiasts. There is a problematic financing that occurs in the Sharia Cooperative of the Ta'lim Council of Al-Arif Mosque which is triggered by two factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors include the lack of careful analysis and application of the values contained in the 5C principle by the cooperative to the character of members so that there are some members who are difficult when collecting their obligations, while the external factors are the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the lack of ability of members to manage money in the business they run, causing losses that have an impact on the difficulty of paying bill obligations to the cooperative.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Menyebabkan Terjadinya Pembiayaan Bermasalah Pada Akad Al-Qardh di Koperasi Syariah Majelis Ta’lim Masjid Al-Arif Kota Bandung

The occurrence of problematic financing will have a negative impact on the financial condition of cooperatives and affect the income of sharia cooperatives. Therefore, with the phenomenon of Al-Qardh financing problems at the Sharia Cooperative of the Ta'lim Council of Al-Arif Mosque in Bandung, researchers are interested in conducting research entitled Factors Causing the Occurrence of Problematic Al-Qardh Financing in the Sharia Cooperative of the Ta'lim Al-Arif Council of Bandung City. The research method used by researchers is descriptive qualitative method. Al-Qardh financing is one of the products in the Sharia Cooperative Cooperative Majelis Ta'lim Masjid Al-Arif, this product also has many enthusiasts. There is a problematic financing that occurs in the Sharia Cooperative of the Ta'lim Council of Al-Arif Mosque which is triggered by two factors, namely internal and external factors. Internal factors include the lack of careful analysis and application of the values contained in the 5C principle by the cooperative to the character of members so that there are some members who are difficult when collecting their obligations, while the external factors are the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the lack of ability of members to manage money in the business they run, causing losses that have an impact on the difficulty of paying bill obligations to the cooperative.

Analisis Penerapan Prinsip Kehati-Hatian (Prudential Principle) Dalam Penyaluran Pembiayaan Konsumtif Pada Lembaga Keuangan Syariah

The aim of this research is to explain the application of the prudential principle in the distribution of consumer financing at DI BMT MUBARAKAH KUDUS. The type of research that the author conducted was field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. This research was carried out at BMT Mubarakah Kudus. The subjects of this research were managers, tellers, marketing and customers of BMT Mubarakah Kudus. The main data sources obtained directly from the original sources through observation, interviews, or surveys, and secondary data sources come from relevant literature studies. The data collection techniques in this research are interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, testing the validity of the data through triangulation of methods, theories and data sources. The data analysis technique is applied using an inductive thinking approach to examine in depth the analysis of the application of the prudential principle in the distribution of consumer financing at BlMT Mubarakah Kudus. The results of the research show that the application of the prudential principle in consumer financing at BMT Mubarakah Kudus applies a feasibility analysis based on the 6 C principles (character, capacity, capital, condition, collateral and constraints) with an emphasis on the analysis aspects of character, ability, and guarantee. The factors that influence the occurrence of problematic consumer financing involve internal aspects, where BMT Mubarakah Kudus faces a lack of caution in analyzing prospective customers when applying for financing. Meanwhile, external factors, including economic conditions that have not fully recovered after the pandemic, have caused a decline in income for many businesses.

Reassessing Hospitality Education to Foster Connections Between Industry and Academia

The pandemic has had widespread impacts on Hospitality and Tourism, including its educational sector. It has brought challenges such as adapting to technology, addressing student counseling needs, managing enrollments, handling student behavior issues, and ensuring effective practical training in areas like Food Production and Food & Beverage management. These challenges underscore the necessity for reforms within this sector. Traditional academic practices must be reevaluated to incorporate new technologies and innovative teaching methods, while also introducing new subjects like soft skills, startups, and entrepreneurship. The longstanding gap between industry and academia needs to be reexamined, with a focus on enhancing mutual understanding through better information exchange. Research suggests that although academics often propose changes to hospitality training, industry acceptance can vary. While technical skills remain vital, both sectors should prioritize developing critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, strategic planning, and leadership skills in their curricula. The goal should be to equip students with competencies that add significant value. Academic programs offer foundational skills and transferable knowledge, complemented by practical industry experience. Balancing these skill sets presents a significant challenge for both sectors. External factors such as globalization and technological advancements underscore the need for international competencies, emphasizing problem-solving and critical thinking. This paper aims to assess the quality of hospitality and tourism education across various dimensions—curriculum, faculty, strategic planning, administration, student achievement, and resources—and proposes strategies to foster a mutually beneficial relationship between industry and academia.

Environmental responsive peroxidase-like activity of MoS2@halloysite nanotubes mediated by piezoelectric effect

Nanozymes, as a class of synthetic enzymes, have the characteristics of abundant raw materials and powerful environmental adaptability, potentially serving as substitutes for natural enzymes. Herein, the MoS2 nanosheets were anchored on the surface of alkali activated halloysite nanotubes by utilizing a facile hydrothermal process, resulting in the formation of MoS2@halloysite (MoS2@HNTs) core-shell nanocomposites. The catalytic effect of material on peroxidase under the mechanical stress of applied ultrasonic vibration was systematically investigated with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as the substrate for chromogenic reaction. The results demonstrated that the established piezoelectric polarization effect generated by MoS2 with asymmetric crystal structure under mechanical force can promote the in-situ coloration of TMB. Concretely, MoS2@HNTs possessing higher Michaels constant (3.42 mmol L-1) and reaction velocity (3.16 × 10–6 mol L-1 min-1) exhibited enhanced peroxidase-like activity compared to pristine MoS2 microspheres. This may be attributed to the fact that halloysite dispersed the MoS2 nanosheets, exposing more reactive sites, and the nanocomposites produced more pronounced structural deformation under mechanical stress. The detailed experiments and theoretical calculation have elucidated the structure-activity relationship and microscopic mechanism among the microstructures, piezoelectric polarization effects and peroxidase catalytic effects of materials. This work provides an advanced prototype for the research of environmental responsive enzyme-like catalytic effects of mineral-based nanozymes with the regulation of external environmental factors.

Low-carbon efficiency analysis of rail-water multimodal transport based on cross efficiency network DEA approach

Multimodal transport is an effective method to reduce the energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in transportation sector. Evaluating the low-carbon performance is a prerequisite for developing multimodal transport. This paper establishes the new cross-efficiency (CE) network data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, and applies it to evaluate low-carbon efficiency of railway-waterway intermodal transportation (RIT) in China from 2017 to 2022. The proposed approach takes advantage of network DEA and considers the internal structure in the RIT system as well as the interconnections between various transportation modes. This article comprehensively analyzes the evaluation results in terms of the overall situation, geographic distribution characteristics, internal stages and links, external influencing factors, and efficiency prediction, and the results find that: (1) the low-carbon efficiency of China's overall RIT needs further improvement. (2) The geographical distribution shows a trend that the efficiency in the Northern Region is higher than that in the Southern Region. (3) The level of urban industry, external transportation conditions, and foreign trade development will all affect the performance of RIT. Finally, according to the empirical results, management strategies are proposed. The main contributions include: proposing a network-structured CE-DEA method focusing on internal states; The advantages of CE network DEA are utilized to study CO2 emissions of multimodal transport; The low-carbon efficiency of RIT in China is comprehensively analyzed. This study enriches the research on DEA methods, and the results can provide a basis for decision-making by the government and transport enterprises, help promote the development of low-carbon transport in China, and provide a reference for the optimization of multimodal transport in other countries.

Heat and mass transfer analysis of hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating permeable cylinder: A modified Buongiorno model approach

Many external factors influence the properties of nanoparticles in the working fluid, which subsequently determines the efficacy attributes of the ensuing nanofluid. Incorporating these factors is essential for studying heat and mass transfer in hybrid nanofluids, as it provides a detailed representation of the mechanism. Such factors are porous medium, heat source, Thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. The rotation of a cylinder can alter the flow field and boundary layer around it, which could be used for flow management scenarios such as drag reduction or separation of boundary layers control, and the complex flow patterns generated through a rotating cylinder could be utilized for improved mixing and heat transfer in processes in industry. Thus, the current novel aspect of the study examines the impacts of thermophoresis and Brownian motion over a rotating cylinder in the presence of a porous media comprised of water-based TiO2 and Fe2O4. The physical circumstances are primarily represented as PDEs based on the considered flow conditions, which then get transformed into a system of ODEs using the relevant similarity variables. The numerical solution is obtained by using RKF-45th and the shooting procedure. The flow symmetry and the effects of the specific variables associated with the problem are examined and delivered graphically. The findings confirm that the drag coefficient improves with porous material, altering fluid dynamics. Heat transmission steadily drops as the thermophoretic parameter gets larger, but mass transfer displays a contrary trend for evolving Brownian motion parameters. Also, the current results are validated with existing past studies.

Variation in Soluble Sugars in Arabica Coffee Cherry Fruits.

The maturation of Arabica coffee fruits is influenced by both endogenous and external factors. The stage of fruit maturation affects the chemical composition of the beans, which in turn impacts the quality of the coffee beverage. During maturation, the fruit peel changes colour from green to red (cherry), signalling the optimal harvest time and suggesting high fruit quality. However, the degree of redness can vary, indicating different levels of maturity. This study aimed to explore the variation in soluble sugar accumulation in relation to the redness of coffee fruit tissues. We classified ripe fruits into six ripeness categories based on the intensity of the red colour of the epicarp, measured using a colourimeter. We analysed total soluble sugar, sucrose, and starch in three parts: coat (exocarp + mesocarp), coat juice (obtained by squeezing the coat), and beans. Our findings reveal that the variation in sugar in the endosperm does not correspond to changes in the coat, suggesting separate regulation of sugar accumulation, particularly sucrose, which is crucial for coffee quality. Our data indicate that there is no transfer of sucrose and reducing sugars from the red coat to the bean.