External Facilities Research Articles

Spectral Response of Eucalyptus saligna under Water Stress in Southern Brazil

The present work aims to assess the effect of water stress on the reflectance emitted by leaves of Eucalyptus saligna individuals. The design was completely randomized and the study comprised 30 subjects who underwent 5 cycles of drought simulation, 45 days each. Five individuals were submitted to water deficit treatment and five were used as controls, remaining in adequate water conditions. The experiment and data collection were performed in the external facilities of the forest management laboratory of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Which it comprised the period from September 2014 to April 2015. Spectral information was collected from 24-month-old tree individuals in adequate water and water stress situations by means of FieldSpec®3 spectroradiometer. Subsequently, the spectral data for the electromagnetic spectrum range from 400 nm to 1700 nm were processed and analyzed. The resulting spectral behavior varied between water stress cycles. In the 450 nm wavelength range, the reflectances ranged from 3.8% to 7.4%, at 550 nm from 7.9% to 14% and at 650 nm from 4.8% to 8.8%. In the near infrared region, in the 900 nm to 1300 nm range, the reflectances ranged from 28% to 62%. The spectral response of E. saligna showed minimal differences when compared to healthy green vegetation, even though it was exposed to water deficit situations. From the information obtained, this research can be used as a parameter for comparative analysis between species belonging to the genus Eucalyptus sp.

Liquid–gas support and lubrication based on a ferrofluid seal

The use of a lubricated bearing is an effective way to reduce friction. In contrast to traditional hydrostatic and hydrodynamic bearings, a type of liquid–gas mixed supporting construction based on a ferrofluid seal was introduced in this paper. When the undersurface of a magnet ring bonds to a plate, ferrofluids absorbed on the upper surface of the magnet can supply bearing capacity generated by the magnetized fluid and the compressible gas sealed in the ring chamber. The supporting forces of the liquid, gas and liquid–gas mix based on a ferrofluid seal were tested. To further increase the supporting capacity, two simple methods were suggested. The low-friction properties of this supporting structure were also confirmed. The advantage of the construction is that the supporting forces are adjustable and independent of any other external facilities or relative movement. Such a design provides the underlying applications for precision and low-velocity mechanisms.

Critique – Tools for sharing

Recent growth in chemical engineering student numbers has driven an increase in the number of UK universities offering the subject. The implications of this growth are described, along with the different challenges facing new providers in the UK compared with established departments. The approaches taken by the various new entrants are reviewed, with reference to recruitment strategies, infrastructure, the use of external facilities, and the particular flavours of chemical engineering being offered by the new providers. Information about the differentiating features of the large number of chemical engineering degree courses now available is somewhat indistinct: this should be rectified in the interests both of prospective students and of employers. Dilemmas facing new providers include the need to address the fundamentals of the subject as well as moving into more novel research-led areas; enabling students to develop the competencies to sustain them for a whole career as well as meeting immediate employer needs; and providing sufficient industry understanding when academics may lack substantial industrial experience. The central importance of practical provision and of the design project, and the approaches taken by new providers to deliver these components, are reviewed, together with the role of software tools in chemical engineering education, and measures to facilitate industry input into courses. As long as it is not used prescriptively or to inhibit innovation, the accreditation process provides constructive guidance and leverage for universities developing new chemical engineering programmes.

New chemical engineering provision: Quality in diversity

Recent growth in chemical engineering student numbers has driven an increase in the number of UK universities offering the subject. The implications of this growth are described, along with the different challenges facing new providers in the UK compared with established departments. The approaches taken by the various new entrants are reviewed, with reference to recruitment strategies, infrastructure, the use of external facilities, and the particular flavours of chemical engineering being offered by the new providers. Information about the differentiating features of the large number of chemical engineering degree courses now available is somewhat indistinct: this should be rectified in the interests both of prospective students and of employers. Dilemmas facing new providers include the need to address the fundamentals of the subject as well as moving into more novel research-led areas; enabling students to develop the competencies to sustain them for a whole career as well as meeting immediate employer needs; and providing sufficient industry understanding when academics may lack substantial industrial experience. The central importance of practical provision and of the design project, and the approaches taken by new providers to deliver these components, are reviewed, together with the role of software tools in chemical engineering education, and measures to facilitate industry input into courses. As long as it is not used prescriptively or to inhibit innovation, the accreditation process provides constructive guidance and leverage for universities developing new chemical engineering programmes.

Mobile User Indoor-Outdoor Detection Through Physical Daily Activities.

An automatic, fast, and accurate switching method between Global Positioning System and indoor positioning systems is crucial to achieve current user positioning, which is essential information for a variety of services installed on smart devices, e.g., location-based services (LBS), healthcare monitoring components, and seamless indoor/outdoor navigation and localization (SNAL). In this study, we proposed an approach to accurately detect the indoor/outdoor environment according to six different daily activities of users including walk, skip, jog, stay, climbing stairs up and down. We select a number of features for each activity and then apply ensemble learning methods such as Random Forest, and AdaBoost to classify the environment types. Extensive model evaluations and feature analysis indicate that the system can achieve a high detection rate with good adaptation for environment recognition. Empirical evaluation of the proposed method has been verified on the HASC-2016 public dataset, and results show 99% accuracy to detect environment types. The proposed method relies only on the daily life activities data and does not need any external facilities such as the signal cell tower or Wi-Fi access points. This implies the applicability of the proposed method for the upper layer applications.

Interpretation of the nexus between the entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial business opportunities in the healthcare context: a phenomenological study

Since few studies focused exclusively on the entrepreneurship, the entrepreneurial agents and their interaction with the business opportunities in the healthcare area, the purpose of this paper is to interpret the intersubjective nature of the interplay between the entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial business opportunities in the context of healthcare entrepreneurship. The paper's methodology is qualitative hermeneutic phenomenology. The samples of sixteen entrepreneurs in the pharmaceutical, medical biotechnology, medical devices and m-health areas of Iran were interviewed using semi-structured questions. Based on the interpretive phenomenological analysis approach, this study explores how healthcare entrepreneurs make sense of their business opportunities. The findings indicated seven spheres of the entrepreneurs' context-based insights, the entrepreneurs' context-based projections, the entrepreneurs' dispositional attributions, the external facilities in macro levels, the external facilities in micro levels, the entrepreneur's environmentally oriented actions and the entrepreneur's presupposition-oriented actions as the nature of the entrepreneurship nexus.

Brain-Machine Interface-Based Rat-Robot Behavior Control.

Brain-machine interface (BMI) provides a bidirectional pathway between the brain and external facilities. The machine-to-brain pathway makes it possible to send artificial information back into the biological brain, interfering neural activities and generating sensations. The idea of the BMI-assisted bio-robotic animal system is accomplished by stimulations on specific sites of the nervous system. With the technology of BMI, animals' locomotion behavior can be precisely controlled as robots, which made the animal turning into bio-robot. In this chapter, we reviewed our lab works focused on rat-robot navigation. The principles of rat-robot system have been briefly described first, including the target brain sites chosen for locomotion control and the design of remote control system. Some methodological advances made by optogenetic technologies for better modulation control have then been introduced. Besides, we also introduced our implementation of "mind-controlled" rat navigation system. Moreover, we have presented our efforts made on combining biological intelligence with artificial intelligence, with developments of automatic control and training system assisted with images or voices inputs. We concluded this chapter by discussing further developments to acquire environmental information as well as promising applications with write-in BMIs.

Short review on factors influencing real estate and hedonic pricing module

Population urbanisation is the narrow measurement for urbanisation level. By identifying the connections among industrialisation, urbanisation and population migration, this paper reveals that industrialisation is an essential cause for urbanisation and population migration, followed by expanding requirement of accommodation, which generated the motivation for real estate development. Thus, the real estate development is the result of urbanisation. Higher urbanisation level usually lead to higher real estate price based on the supply and demand relationships in marketing theory. Besides the macro factors stimulating real estate price, this paper reviewed several micro factors studied by previous researchers like location or accessibility, external and internal facilities. Location is normally calculated by distance to the city centre or other facilities. Broadly used for evaluating and predicting real estate pricing since 1980s, hedonic module is a multiple linear regression module especially used for exploring the effectiveness of various factors influence on real estate price. This paper reviewed several researches used hedonic pricing module and the variables used to measure that influence. With the comparison of artificial neural network, this paper summarised the comments from other scholars for hedonic, contrasting the advantage and disadvantage of hedonic method.

Short review on factors influencing real estate and hedonic pricing module

Population urbanisation is the narrow measurement for urbanisation level. By identifying the connections among industrialisation, urbanisation and population migration, this paper reveals that industrialisation is an essential cause for urbanisation and population migration, followed by expanding requirement of accommodation, which generated the motivation for real estate development. Thus, the real estate development is the result of urbanisation. Higher urbanisation level usually lead to higher real estate price based on the supply and demand relationships in marketing theory. Besides the macro factors stimulating real estate price, this paper reviewed several micro factors studied by previous researchers like location or accessibility, external and internal facilities. Location is normally calculated by distance to the city centre or other facilities. Broadly used for evaluating and predicting real estate pricing since 1980s, hedonic module is a multiple linear regression module especially used for exploring the effectiveness of various factors influence on real estate price. This paper reviewed several researches used hedonic pricing module and the variables used to measure that influence. With the comparison of artificial neural network, this paper summarised the comments from other scholars for hedonic, contrasting the advantage and disadvantage of hedonic method.

Factors Affecting the Success Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIBF) at Puskesmas Jumpandang Baru 2014

Breast milk provides antibody and contains all the nutrients the newborn baby needs for the first six months. Although breastfeeding is a matter of personal preference, family support is a factor that is important in the practice of early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), in addition to internal factors, knowledge, attitudes, experiences and perceptions of mothers and external factors, health facilities and personnel birth attendant. This study aims to determine the relationship of successful factors in early initiation of breastfeeding at Puskesmas Jumpandang Baru. This study was quantitative research with a cross-sectional design. There were 80 sample cases of mothers who did early initiation breastfeeding. Data were analyzed using chi square. The research result indicate that there is no significant relation between birth weight, maternal age, parity, education, mother's knowledge as well as mother's ANC frequency and the successfulness of EIB. Whereas, there is a significant relationship between midwife's knowledge (p=0.01) and the midwife's attitude (p=0.00) with the success of early breastfeeding initiation.

Physical activity and yoga for holistic development of personality an initiative to foster positive outcomes: A review report

Physical activity and yoga are the most traditional and ancient Indian sciences that originally consisted of varied practices including physical postures known as asana, regulated breathing and meditation. It involves understanding the spiritual basis and ethical practices of life. It goes without saying that yoga is useful in enhancing physical, mental, emotional as well as social development. It leads to the enhancement of physical fitness, cognitive abilities and psychological development of children. It aids to calm the mind thereby providing serenity and composure through stimulation, relaxation and self-awareness. Yoga is the movement of the body through different condition, postures and poses. It is the way through which internal and external facilities of an individual meets in totality and through yoga children can achieve both physical and mental harmony. Numerous research studies suggest that providing yoga within the school curriculum is inevitably an effective way to help students to develop and maintain self-regulation, mind-body awareness and physical fitness among students. Yoga fosters positive student outcomes such as improved behaviour, mental health and better performance.

Russian Arctic Today: Substantive Novelties and Legal Collisions

Recent changes in the Russian Arctic are often unique in terms of their nature and intensity. Fundamentally new production and infrastructure facilities are being launched, the innovative development of external defense facilities is being completed. Furthermore, the territories of corporate management and support zones for the development of Russian Arctic zone are being established. We consider the examples of the project in the South Tambey licensed area (a liquefied natural gas production facility, a large settlement, a seaport and a large airport), the construction of Rosneft’s multifunctional service structure, changes in the nuclear power industry of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Moreover, we demonstrate emerging legal collisions. A new edition of the state program for the Arctic region’s development, and the establishment of eight support development zones on the territory of the Arctic zone was officially announced. We examine the primary changes in the organizational, managerial and legal support for the development of Russian Arctic zone, which are due to the above-mentioned legislative developments. We critically analyse plans to launch a State Governance Body, responsible for the significant part of the support zones, within the St. Petersburg administration. These and other novelties have required the revision of: a) the content of the federal law on the development of Russian Arctic zone, including in the context of foreign practice of implementing the «Arctic law»; b) a set of subordinate acts of the Russian Government, the state program «Socio-economic development of Russian Arctic for the period until 2020» in particular, which has been and will be substantially reconfigured in the near future.

Residents’ Level of Satisfaction about Retirement Home Facilities Based on the Happiness Index Measures

Happiness index is determined by the key factors of economic variables (income and employment), social factors (education and family life), and health (mental and physical). The satisfaction level affects the happiness index, which is crucial for sustaining the quality of life in any given environment. The surrounding environment includes the management of the facilities offered by the retirement home. Since facility management is a significant indicator of the satisfaction level among retirees, this study aims to focus on the satisfaction level of senior citizens regarding the characteristics of retirement village housing. A questionnaire-based Likertscale approach was designed to capture the demographic profile, satisfaction regarding the internal and external facilities of the retirement home, as well as the other services provided. A total of 116 questionnaires using a face-to-face survey were analyzed using factor analysis. The KMO test was more than 0.5, and Bartlett’s test was p < 0.5, indicating that the factor analysis is considered appropriate for further analysis using the factoring technique. The results indicate that the bedroom and washroom of the retirement home need improvement in terms of space area, while the characteristics of the internal and external space of the house should focus on cleanliness and illumination. The management of the internal facilities needs to be enhanced, while the transport services offered require adjustments to increase access to other places. The design, layout, and finishes of the retirement home highly affect the emotional state of the senior citizen, especially in terms of their feelings towards their previous home as well as their families and friends. The lack of privacy, loss of independence, and insecurity are other factors that reduced their satisfaction with the services and facilities offered at the retirement home. This study also contributes valuable references to policymakers, developers and retirement homes providers in developing retirement homes that cater to the unique requirements of the elderly people in Malaysia and to ensure that their happiness and well-being are given priorities.

Geographical factors and business failure: An empirical study from the Madrid metropolitan area

Geography has been considered a decisive factor in different fields of business-related research. This paper provides some evidence concerning the role of geography on business failure in urban environments. The paper use spatial econometric methodology to evaluate the impact of the geographical location of external economic agents on the probability of business failure. In addition, it is shown that probabilities of business failure for geographically close firms are correlated. A firm-level empirical application based on 3125 industrial small and medium firms (SMEs) located on the Madrid metropolitan area (Spain) confirms that the geographical proximity between firms, external economic agents and transport facilities has a determinant impact on business failure among these companies. This study contributes to gaining a greater understanding of the factors that determine SMEs business failure, highlighting the importance of geographical factors.

Life cycle cost and environmental assessment for resource-oriented toilet systems.

The rich content of nutrients in human waste provides an outlook for turning it from pollutants to potential resources. The pilot-scale resource-oriented toilet with forward osmosis technology was demonstrated to have advantages to recover clean water, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, biogas, and heat from urine and feces. For the possibility of further full-scale implementation in different scenarios, six resource-oriented toilet systems and one conventional toilet system were designed in this study. The methodology of cost-benefit analysis and life cycle assessment were applied to analyze the life cycle economic feasibility and environmental sustainability of these systems. As results indicated, resource-oriented toilets with forward osmosis technology concentrating urine proved to have both economic and environmental benefit. The economic net present value results of new resource-oriented toilets were much better than conventional toilet. The energy consumption in resource-oriented toilets contributes a lot to the environmental impacts while resource recovery such as the fertilizer production and fresh water harvest in resource-oriented toilet systems offsets a lot. Taking both life cycle economic feasibility and environmental sustainability into consideration, the partial resource-oriented toilet (only recovering nutrients from urine) is the best choice, and the totally independent resource-oriented toilet could be applied to replace conventional toilets in areas without any external facilities such as sewer and water supply system etc.

Three Confinement Systems—Spherical Tokamak, Standard Tokamak, and Stellarator: A Comparison of Key Component Cost Elements

Since the 1950s “next-step” fusion devices and power plant studies have been developed for a number of magnetic confinement systems but an open question remains: can a magnetic fusion device be simplified to the point where it will be cost competitive and operate with high availability? Concept designs based on the ARIES advanced tokamak, spherical tokamak (ST), and the quasi-axisymmetric (QAS) stellarator option have progressed in recent years through a series of Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) studies with an underlying intent to improve the engineering feasibility of each, giving special attention to concepts that simplify the device configuration and improve maintenance features. For the ST option, design details centered on a 3-m Fusion Nuclear Science Facility that evolved to incorporate vertical maintenance, high temperature superconductor magnets, a small inboard duel coolant lead lithium blanket, and a liquid metal divertor. In collaboration with the Korean fusion demonstration reactor (K-DEMO) and CFETR concept study teams the tokamak design has evolved to increase plasma component access within a vertical maintenance approach using enlarged toroidal field coils incorporating a low- and high-field Nb3Sn winding pack that provide a peak field of 16 T. A recent PPPL stellarator study focused on simplifying the stellarator winding topology to improve access to in-vessel components; combining coil optimization with winding surfaces that incorporated geometry constraints specified by engineering. This paper centered on a 1000-MW power plant design with a tokamak like vertical maintenance scheme that allows access to remove large internal blanket sectors. Results of three confinement studies (PPPL developed ST, K-DEMO, and QAS stellarator) will be presented to highlight concepts that simplify each device configuration and improved their maintenance features. Scaling each option to a common 1000-MW net electric power plant mission allows comparisons to be made of key cost elements such as the size of major core components, sizing of the reactor hall, or external facilities needed to handle and store activated in-vessel components.

Modularized Production of Value-Added Products and Fuels from Distributed Waste Carbon-Rich Feedstocks

Abstract We have adapted and characterized electrolysis reactors to complement the conversion of regional- and community-scale quantities of waste into fuel or chemicals. The overall process must be able to contend with a wide range of feedstocks, must be inherently safe, and should not rely on external facilities for co-reactants or heat rejection and supply. Our current approach is based on the upgrading of bio-oil produced by the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of carbon-containing waste feedstocks. HTL can convert a variety of feedstocks into a bio-oil that requires much less upgrading than the products of other ways of deconstructing biomass. We are now investigating the use of electrochemical processes for the further conversions needed to transform the bio-oil from HTL into fuel or higher value chemicals. We, and others, have shown that electrochemical reduction can offer adequate reaction rates and at least some of the necessary generality. In addition, an electrochemical reactor necessarily both oxidizes (removes electrons) on one side of the reactor and reduces (adds electrons) on the other side. Therefore, the two types of reactions could, in principle, be coupled to upgrade the bio-oil and simultaneously polish the water that is employed as a reactant and a carrier in the upstream HTL. Here, we overview a notional process, the possible conversion chemistry, and the economics of an HTL-electrochemical process.

Humanitarian medical treatment of prisoners with serious illnesses

이 연구는 중증질환 수용자의 인권적 의료처우와 관련한 유엔피구금자최저기준규칙을 포함한 국제규범을 살펴보고 형의 집행 및 수용자 처우에 관한 법령, 법무부의 수용자의료관리지침 등을 비교분석하여 국제적 인권규범 수준에 준하는 정도의 국내법의 정비방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 교정시설의 중증질환 수용자의 의료환경은 매우 열악하여 2016년을 기준으로 의사는 정원의 79%에 그치며, 안양교도소 등 14개소는 전문의가 한 명도 없었다. 2013년 이후 4년 동안 교정시설에서 매년 질병으로 22명이 사망하였고, 형집행정지거부로 외부진료를 받지 못하고 사망한 경우는 66명으로 나타났다. 또한 2016년을 기준으로 교정시설 수용자 중 34.2%가 질병관리본부가 정한 4대중증질환을 앓고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그런데 현행 형의 집행 및 수용자 처우에 관한 법령은 국제규범의 중증질환 수용자에 대한 인권적 의료처우의 가이드라인에 미치지 못하는 것으로 분석되었다. 유엔피구금자최저기준규칙, 유엔수용자처우기본원칙, 유엔경제사회이사회결의안 2004/35, 유럽평의회 각료위원회 권고 No.R (93) 6, 유럽평의회 각료위원회 권고, No. R (98) 7, 말기질환에 대한 세계의료협의회 선언 등은 중증질환 수용자에 대하여 외부의료시설로의 이송원칙, 조기석방, 차별 없는 진료기회, 임종호스피스, 에이즈보균 수용자의 조기석방 등 구체적인 가이드라인을 제시하고 있다. 이를 바탕으로 중증질환 수용자의 인권적 의료처우를 위한 국내법의 정비방향을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 교정시설 중증질환 수용자 의료처우 규정의 명문화가 필요하다. 둘째, 중증질환 수용자의 범주 및 처우규정의 명문화가 필요하다. 셋째, 임종 호스피스의 제공과 지역의료사회체계와의 연계규정 명문화가 필요하다. 넷째, 중증질환 수용자에 대한 최우선적 형집행정지제도의 명문화가 필요하다. 다섯째, 교정시설 의료인프라 수준의 명문화 규정이 필요하다.The purpose of this study is to compare the international norms on humanitarian medical treatment for prisoners with serious illnesses, the administration and treatment of correctional institution inmates act. Based on this, I tried to suggest the improvement direction of the administration and treatment of correctional institution inmates act based on the international human rights norm. The medical environment for the patients with serious diseases of the correctional facilities is very poor, and as of 2016, there are only 79% of doctors in total, and 14 hospitals, including Anyang Prison, have no specialists. From 2013 to 2016, 22 people died of the disease each year at the correctional institution, and 66 prisoners were found to have died without receiving external medical treatment because of the reject of the sentence execution suspension permission by the prison government. As of 2016, 34.2% of the patients in the correctional institution have suffered from the four serious diseases prescribed by the KCDC. However, it is analyzed that the current laws do not conform to the human rights medical treatment standard for the severe disease prisoner prescribed by international norms. International norms such as the United Nations Guidelines for the Minimum Standards for Detained Persons provide specific guidelines for the transfer of illness prisoners to external medical facilities, early release, equitable access to medical care, terminal illness hospice and early release of AIDS prisoners. Therefore, the direction of the improvement of the administration and treatment of correctional institution inmates act for the human rights medical treatment of the severe disease prisoner is as follows. First, it is necessary to label the medical treatment provisions of the correctional institution’s serious illness prisoners. Second, it is necessary to clarify the category of serious illnesses and treatment regulations. Third, the provision of terminal illnesses hospice and the stipulation of linkage with local medical social system are necessary. Fourth, it is necessary to stipulate the top priority for the sentence execution suspension permission of serious illnesses. Fifth, regulations on the level of medical infrastructure of correctional facilities are necessary.

Acute Crisis Care for Patients with Mental Health Crises: Initial Assessment of an Innovative Prehospital Alternative Destination Program in North Carolina

ABSTRACTObjective: Emergency Departments (ED) are overburdened with patients experiencing acute mental health crises. Pre-hospital transport by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to community mental health and substance abuse treatment facilities could reduce ED utilization and costs. Our objective was to describe characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of acute mental health crises patients who were transported by EMS to an acute crisis unit at WakeBrook, a North Carolina community mental health center. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients diverted to WakeBrook by EMS from August 2013–July 2014. We abstracted data from WakeBrook medical records and used descriptive statistics to quantify patient characteristics, diagnoses, length of stay (LOS), and 30-day recidivism. Results: A total of 226 EMS patients were triaged at WakeBrook. The median age was 38 years, 55% were male, 58% were white, and 38% were uninsured. The most common chief complaints were suicidal ideation or self-harm (46%) and substance abuse (19%). The most common diagnoses were substance-related and addictive disorders (42%), depressive disorders (32%), and schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (22%). Following initial evaluation, 28% of patients were admitted to facilities within WakeBrook, 40% were admitted to external psychiatric facilities, 18% were stabilized and discharged home, 5% were transferred to an ED within 4 hours for further medical evaluation, and 5% refused services. The median LOS at WakeBrook prior to disposition was 12.0 hours (IQR 5.4-21.6). Over a 30-day follow-up period, 60 patients (27%) had a return visit to the ED or WakeBrook for a mental health issue. Conclusions: A dedicated community mental health center is able to treat patients experiencing acute mental health crises. LOS times were significantly shorter compared to regional EDs. Successful broader programmatic implementation could improve care quality and significantly reduce the volume of patients treated in the ED for acute mental health disorders.

Influence of coaches behaviour on elite volleyball players' motivational climate and performance satisfaction

Introduction. Coaching behaviour, motivational climate and its influence towards performance satisfaction are important in understanding the development and growth of athletes. In general, positive coaching behaviours could help in enhancing the motivational climate and satisfaction of athletes while negative coaching behaviour might have the opposite effect. Therefore, this study explored the influence of volleyball coaches’ behaviour on elite volleyball players’ motivational climate and performance satisfaction. Methodology. Three hundred and twenty-eight elite volleyball players (137 male and 191 female, age: 24.42 ± 8.92 years old) participated in this study. They completed three questionnaires: the Coaching Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ), Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), and Athlete Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). These questionnaires were used to assess athletes’ perceptions of their coaches’ behaviour, to examine the influence of athletes’ perceptions of the individual feedback received on their perceptions of the team’s motivational climate and to measure the elite volleyball players’ satisfaction of their team’s performance. Results &amp; Discussion. There was a positive relationship between motivational climate and performance satisfaction (r=0.25); coaching behaviour and performance satisfaction (r=0.26); motivational climate and performance satisfaction (r=0.40). For CBQ, the mean score showed that coach support (2.97 ± 0.40) was the most important as compared to negative coaching behaviour (2.44 ± 0.45). For ASQ, the mean score showed that team integration (5.33 ± 1.00) was the most important subscale influencing athlete satisfaction. The lowest rated athlete satisfaction was external agents, example, facilities and supporters (4.56 ± 0.95). For PMCSQ-2, a higher mean was reported for task-involving climate, example, cooperative learning, effort/improvement, important role (5.36 ± 0.89) than ego-involving climate, example, intra-team member rivalry, unequal recognition, punishment for mistakes (4.09 ± 0.95). Conclusion. Coaches should look into their own coaching behaviour because it is a fundamental aspect in enhancing the performance of athletes with respect to motivational climate and performance satisfaction.