External Environmental Information Research Articles

A Spatial Cognitive Model that Integrates the Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Information on the Hippocampus and Striatum

Reproducing the spatial cognition of animals using computational models that make agents navigate autonomously has attracted much attention. Many biologically inspired models for spatial cognition focus mainly on the simulation of the hippocampus and only consider the effect of external environmental information (i.e., exogenous information) on the hippocampal coding. However, neurophysiological studies have shown that the striatum, which is closely related to the hippocampus, also plays an important role in spatial cognition and that information inside animals (i.e., endogenous information) also affects the encoding of the hippocampus. Inspired by the progress made in neurophysiological studies, we propose a new spatial cognitive model that consists of analogies between the hippocampus and striatum. This model takes into consideration how both exogenous and endogenous information affects coding by the environment. We carried out a series of navigation experiments that simulated a water maze and compared our model with other models. Our model is self-adaptable and robust and has better performance in navigation path length. We also discuss the possible reasons for the results and how our findings may help us understand real mechanisms in the spatial cognition of animals.

Design of Ackerman Mobile Robot System Based on ROS and Lidar

An ackerman mobile robot system based on ROS and lidar was developed in this research. The i5 industrial control computer was taken as the core controller, and the Ubuntu system was installed inside, the control core of the driving part was the STM32 microcontroller. Using the external environment information obtained by lidar and IMU sensors, the corresponding SLAM algorithm was developed and designed under the Linux system based on the distributed framework of ROS operating system. Through establishing the feature map of environment, the system can locate position and posture of vehicle body in real time, and generate optimal path according to the given target point automatically identify and avoid surrounding obstacles. According to the state of the robot and the commands of the user, it can realize the functions of human-computer interaction, SLAM map scanning and drawing, Wi-fi remote control, real-time positioning, autonomous navigation, etc. efficiently and quickly.

Information Environment and Cost Stickiness

We examine the effect of firms’ information environment on asymmetric cost behavior (cost stickiness). Using plausibly exogenous variation in firms’ information environment stemming from brokerage closures, we find that the stickiness of selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) costs reduces in response to adverse changes in the information environment. This effect is concentrated in firms characterized, ex ante, by poorer reporting quality, higher information uncertainty, lower institutional holdings, greater financial constraints, and lower resource adjustment costs. Managers respond to adverse information shocks by reducing the stickiness of SG&A costs that are less likely to create future value, thereby paving way for higher enterprise valuation. Our paper contributes to the growing literature on cost behavior research by documenting the link between firms’ external information environment and internal cost management, and presents novel evidence on managers’ altering their cost behavior to generate internal funds when access to external capital is limited.

Research on the application of Lean production mode in enterprises——Take Desi fogg company for example

Lean production is the third milestone of industrialization in human history. This is a revolutionary production and operation practice. Its core idea is to reduce waste, establish an efficient production system, improve corporate profits. It represents the direction in which manufacturing, or manufacturing standards, are moving today. With the continuous advancement of the information revolution, manufacturing enterprises must re-integrate external environmental information, transform their ideas and methods, and at the same time use big data and artificial intelligence to strengthen the manufacturing industry and form a new production mode. This article expounds the theory of lean production and basic methods from the perspective of big data and artificial intelligence. It combined with desi fogg existing organizational structure, site management, quality management, product development, production organization, problems existed in the aspects of applied research in the core of lean production ideas and principles, proposed the desi fogg lean production plan, and solve the management problems of the production process and waste of resources, establish the enterprise system of lean production system, and improve the level of the site management、 production quality and enterprise competitiveness.

A Two-Layer Risky Driver Recognition Model With Context Awareness

For autonomous vehicles and intelligent connected vehicles, the real-time recognition of risky drivers can play an important role in traffic accident prevention. However, the external environment substantially impacts driving behavior and driving risk and is usually costly to acquire. Existing risky driver recognition models often ignore external environment information or assume this information is given. We propose two hierarchical two-layer context-aware machine learning structures. The first layer can speculate external context, for example, traffic states. The second layer recognizes risky drivers based on the contextual information speculated from the first layer. The German Highway Drone Dataset is used to establish risky driver recognition and traffic state recognition models. Rear-end collision risk and side collision risk are evaluated for each vehicle. Drivers with high collision risk are labeled as risky drivers. By analyzing vehicle trajectory data from three traffic states: free-flow, saturated, and congested, we find that traffic states have a significant influence on vehicle’s longitudinal speed, lateral speed, longitudinal acceleration/deceleration, and collision risk. Six classifiers, including SVM, KNN, RF, Adaboost, Extra trees, and XGBoost, are applied to train recognition models. Results show that the proposed structures can significantly improve model’s ability to recognize risky drivers.

Model of Sustainable Tax Development Practices under Information Environment by Total Interpretive/Structural Model (TISM)

The dynamics of corporate information environments are seen as a basis for managerial decision-making such as sustainable tax development, which can reduce agency costs and promote market-level information symmetry across regulatory bodies. The purpose of this research is presenting a Model of Sustainable Tax Development Functions under the Information Environment of Tehran Stock Exchange Companies. In this research-based on qualitative and quantitative methodology, Initially, 13 tax professionals who were also active at the university level, Participated in the Meta-synthesis and the Delphi section to validate the research components and indicators among the 11 approved studies, Delphi analysis used to identify the theoretical adequacy of the component and the set of indices. In the quantitative section, 28 CEO of the stock exchange companies who were selected through an available sampling method selected randomly and used matrix questionnaires to stratify the identified indices in a range of the most influential indices. To the least effective indicators. The results in qualitative Analysis indicate the existence of three main components in the form of the final indicators based on theoretical adequacy and in the quantitative section, it was found that the indicators, greater dynamics of the value of the company based on tax transparency (C1) as an indicator of external information environment functions and increased The level of disclosure of economic performance in line with the GRI standard (C9) and the strategic balance between tax minimization and corporate value (C10) as an indicator of the component of internal information environment functions most strongly as a consequence of sustainable tax development under corporate information environment conditions for stock companies. Tehran Stock Exchange. These results show that the development of sustainable tax functions under corporate information environment conditions can also help to improve the effectiveness of corporate internal operations, regardless of the positive effects on the competitive and market levels.

Can Informal Information Transfer Reduce the Cost of Equity? Based on the “Sina Weibo” of Entrepreneurs

In the era of mobile internet, social media has become the main platform for people to transfer information. Microblog, an unofficial and informal communication channel with low cost and great convenience, provides entrepreneurs a chance to move from the backstage to the front-stage of firms.Unlike traditional information transfer mechanisms such as TV and newspapers, Microblog is an informal information transfer mechanism. It is an important supplement to the formal information transmission mechanism of firms, which can effectively alleviate the information asymmetry between investors and firms. By using Microblog, an entrepreneur has more initiative in disseminating information, such as what information to release, when to publish and how to express it, etc. At the same time, Microblog can not only spread the information to the fans and readers without attenuation and distortion, but also receive comments and feedback from them. Another advantage of Microblog is that the entrepreneur can express or share his or her outlook, viewpoint and even the mood in Microblog, which shortens the distance between the entrepreneur and information receivers. The kind of person the entrepreneur @ shows their social capital. Investors and creditors are sensitive to the information of Microblog, by which they understand the entrepreneur and his or her financial decisions. So, we expect that when other things being equal, the cost of equity of firms with Microblog-entrepreneurs will be lower than the cost of equity of firms without Microblog-entrepreneurs.In addition to the dummy of Microblog, we use the number of Microblog posts, comments, forwards and likes to measure the information content of Microblog. We find that the Microblog of entrepreneurs plays a significantly positive role on reducing equity cost. This informal information transfer effect is stronger when firms are located in the regions with lower marketization and in the case of weak external information environment. Further tests show that the more personal information on Microblog, the more Microblogs including @, or the more positive sentiment in the content of Microblog, the more equity cost is reduced.We contribute to the literature in several ways academically. First, coping with the development of We Media, we classify the information transmission mechanism into formal and informal. Second, we investigate the behavior of entrepreneurs on firms’ equity cost and fill the gap in the literature. Third, we offer a new idea and method to the front-stage behavior of entrepreneurs. In practice, Microblog of entrepreneurs is not just a simple individual behavior; it bears an important organizational purpose, and every word and action of entrepreneurs may affect firms. The results of this paper provide implications for the information transmission choice of entrepreneurs in the new We Media era.

USAGE OF INFORMATION-SEARCH ENGINE AT HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION ARCHIVAL WORK MANAGEMENT

The purpose of the article is to justify the need to use the information-search engine in universities’ archival affairs management, as well as to develop data workflows diagrams to understand the process of information searching automation in universities’ archival funds. The methodology uses business process modeling techniques, namely DWFD data workflow modeling. A functional approach is used to determine the minimum number of objects in the subject area and the relations between the objects. Structural-logical query generation method was also used to work with structured information databases. The scientific novelty of the work is to create a data workflow diagram (DWFD), which is included in the functional model. DWFD will allow, at the functional modeling stage, to determine the basic data requirements and to trace how information is exchanged, both within the archived information-search engine being designed and the system as a whole with the external information environment. Conclusions. With the help of structural modeling tools, DWFD the process of information-search engine development for archival units of higher education institutions, taking into account the international archival standard ISAD (G) was designed. Thus, the proposed project to develop an information-search engine that is able to accumulate information and output it on multidimensional requests will allow the university archival department staff to increase the efficiency of fulfilling requests for university graduated and employees’ personal data verification. As a prospect for further scientific research is the digitization of archival documents with the assignment of a certain indexation, that is, metadata and uploading them to the database, as well as the ability to create thematic virtual exhibitions of the archive fund on the based on the digitization of archival materials.Key words: information-search engine, automation, archival subdivision, higher education institution informatization, university informatization, ISAD (G), verification, projecting, archival affairs management.

In-Vehicle Infotainment Systems: Using Bayesian Networks to Model Cognitive Selection of Music Genres

In the world of transportation, the ceaseless evolution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is reflected on their migration towards In-Vehicle-Infotainment (IVI) systems, which are characterized by innovative applications and services. Such systems aim to support drivers/passengers with a varying set of functions, enhancing the quality of driving through entertainment. The goal of this study is to introduce a novel IVI cognitive functionality that automatically and dynamically proposes the optimal music genre to the drivers/users when they want to make a certain journey with their owned (or shared) vehicles. The proposed recommender functionality utilizes in an automated manner (i) drivers/users’ profile data and current situation, (ii) drivers/users’ personal preferences, (iii) external environment information obtained from sensor measurements, and (iv) previous knowledge and experience. Knowledge is obtained through the exploitation of Bayesian networking principles in combination with a practical implementation of the Naive-Bayes model. Indicative simulation results showcase the efficiency of the proposed infotainment functionality, in terms of accuracy and speed of convergence, in proactively identifying the optimal music genre and accordingly notifying the drivers/users.

A Large‐Area, Stretchable, Textile‐Based Tactile Sensor

AbstractA tactile sensor is a necessary means for intelligent equipment to acquire external environment information and improve the performance of human–robot interaction. Although high‐performance tactile sensor array is widely studied, the large number of wires required to transmit data from numerous arrays is still a major obstacle in large‐area application. In this study, a large‐area, low‐cost, stretchable, textile‐based tactile sensor, which is sensitive for contact position, is proposed. The sensor has a simple three‐layer structure and four external wires due to the use of a novel double‐faced effect functional knitted textile with “self‐uniformity” characteristic. The porous polyurethane foam with a large pore size is first reported as touch switch material. It not only has excellent touch switch function, but also makes the sensor have a soft and elastic touch and good impact buffering. In addition, the application of radial basis function neural network makes the sensor have self‐learning “intelligence,” which makes the sensor flexibly and quickly arrange even on the surface of a complex 3D object. Finally, the potential applications of the sensor are demonstrated. This study shows that the sensor has great potential in the fields of wearable devices, robot interaction control, and human–computer interface.

The quantitative analysis of difference between Chinese and German libraries subject services

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the difference of subject service between Chinese and German libraries. Subject service is the key direction of user-oriented service in libraries at home and abroad, especially in university libraries. It is an innovative measure to provide service for teaching, learning and research in libraries under the information environment. Subject service has strong practicality, and with the increasing demand of users and the continuous change of external information environment, the service content and mode are gradually improved.Design/methodology/approachBy investigating the selected websites of University Libraries between China and Germany, the specific practice status of subject services between these two countries was known, and the study provided a basis for the comparative analysis of the practice status of subject services between China and Germany. By using the elastic analysis model, the library services in foreign countries and China can be quantitatively analyzed to find out the matching situation between resources and reader’s needs, and then formulate the countermeasures for the allocation of literature resources. In this way, readers can find out the hotspot topics which are more in line with their needs, as well as in the field of inquiry. It is also helpful for readers to further study and analyze the knowledge background and subject distribution in this field.FindingsThe results show that there are still some deficiencies in China’s participation in international scientific research cooperation. By mapping high-frequency keyword co-occurrence network and clustering knowledge map, it is seen that there are differences in user research, information search, subject service platform and other aspects between Chinese and German library subject services. There are also some gaps in such aspects as location, disciplines service website revealing mode, resources support, disciplines service platform and so on.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this study compares the status of scientific research and practice of discipline services between China and Germany, due to the limited capacity, the paper only selects a number of key points for comparative analysis of discipline services at home and abroad. Due to the limited range of data collected by WOS and Chinese Social Sciences Index, there are some deviations in data processing in the software used, which makes the theoretical research and comparison results have certain limitations.Practical implicationsBy investigating and analyzing the current situation of subject service in university libraries between China and Germany, this paper points out the shortcomings of subject service in university libraries in China on the basis of comparative analysis and draws on the advanced experience of German subject service to provide guidance for improving the problems in subject service in China.Originality/valueThe innovation of this study lies in the comparative analysis of Chinese and German subject services from the perspective of subject service research and work practice and puts forward some strategies to improve the development of domestic subject services. At present, there are few domestic literatures comparing the research status of subject services between China and Germany by using visualization method. This study quantitatively compares the time distribution, knowledge evolution direction, research hotspots and topics of subject services at home and abroad by using visualization technology and summarizes the evolution direction of subject services between China and Germany.

Product Differentiation, Benchmarking, and Corporate Fraud

We exploit a pairwise measure of product market differentiation to study the relation between economic comparability and financial accounting fraud. We show that firms with greater economic comparability exhibit a significantly lower incidence of fraud. Importantly, this effect is economically larger than that of most predictors of fraud documented in the literature. To help establish identification, we exploit economic comparability with rivals issuing IPOs, as well as cross-sectional variation in accounting comparability, firm complexity, institutional ownership, and analyst coverage. Our analyses suggest that greater economic comparability enhances the external information environment, which improves external monitoring and disciplines manager reporting behavior.

The effects of trust and distrust on ICT-enabled information sharing in supply chains

PurposeDrawing on transaction cost economics (TCE) and social exchange theory (SET), the purpose of this paper is to explain why and how external environment, governance structures and interpersonal relationships influence information and communication technology (ICT)-enabled information sharing in supply chains (SCs) of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from developing economies.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a theory-building approach using a multiple case study design, including four SMEs operating in SCs from two developing economies (i.e. Republic of North Macedonia and People’s Republic of China), in which the authors conduct both within-case and cross-case analyses.FindingsSocial bonds (known as vrski in Macedonian and guanxi in Chinese) were found to govern buyer–supplier exchanges by supporting the establishment of personal trust and the reduction of distrust. These social bonds compensate for the institutional deficiencies in developing economies and thus encourage ICT-enabled information sharing by SMEs in their SCs.Research limitations/implicationsBy applying the theoretical perspectives of TCE and SET to the cross-case analysis, the authors develop nine propositions to explain ICT-enabled information sharing and its interdependencies with external environment, governance structures and interpersonal relationships in developing economies. Further research is recommended to refine and test the generalizability of the theoretical model.Practical implicationsFirms have to develop and nurture social bonds with their suppliers from developing economies to reduce risks related to the environmental uncertainty and institutional voids. This can increase trust and decrease distrust associated with ICT-enabled information sharing.Originality/valueThe study examines why and how external environment (environmental uncertainty and institutional environment), social bonds (vrski and guanxi) and interpersonal mechanisms (trust and distrust) influence ICT-enabled information sharing of SMEs operating in developing economies.

Sparse long short-term memory for information fusion in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks are designed to perceive, gather, and process external environmental information and send it to the observer. However, the transmission of mass information is a challenge to the sensor nodes. To address this challenge, information fusion technologies are proposed to reduce mass redundant data. However, these techniques rarely consider the historical information, and thereby often encounter the difficulty of low prediction accuracy. In order to solve this difficulty, we propose a novel information fusion approach for the cluster heads. The proposed approach is based on time-recurrent neural network, called sparse long short-term memory, which is derived from the long short-term memory network. The sparse long short-term memory uses sparse matrix to reduce the dimension for a high-dimensional coefficient matrix. Therefore, the computational cost of the fusion algorithm is reduced in wireless sensor networks. The simulation results show that the sparse long short-term memory algorith...

Information model of production system management

Improvement of production systems of the organization is carried out through the introduction of quality management systems, changes in the model of production organization, the use of modern approaches to improve product quality and customer satisfaction. Measurement, evaluation and analysis of the production system allows to set the direction of activity to improve production processes and to develop activities aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of the whole system. The production system is an open system, it is connected and exchanged with the external environment information, resources, etc. the production system is Called the operating system, which consists of three subsystems: processing subsystem, directly related to the technological processes of raw materials and semi-finished products conversion into finished products; support subsystem, which performs auxiliary functions necessary for the implementation of the main technological processes; planning and control subsystems that receive and process information from the internal and external environment of the organization. The task of building an automated information system is connected with the need to integrate with the subsystem of data collection and analysis, visual representation of information for decision-making at all levels. Building an information management system of the production system is impossible without a powerful infrastructure, without a single information system support and process control. The proposed information system will help to automate the processes of management of the organization, quickly form the strategic and tactical goals of the organization. Within a given period of time, data will be collected and analyzed from the internal and external environment, timely analysis of deviations of the values of indicators from the planned values. The results of information processing will be timely visualized both for each employee and the production system of the organization as a whole.

The Formation of the Efficient System of Ecological Enterprise

The necessity of using ecologically oriented approach in the process of production by developing and introducing the system of ecological management was investigated in the article. The general principles of its formation with the directions of actions and results were determined. 14 principles of efficient management of V.Ye. Deming for raising the efficiency of ecological management system were adapted with the aim of its constant improving, ensuring long-term developing of enterprise, and raising its competitiveness. The conducting of SWOT-analysis in the system of ecological management was suggested for determining the strategies of enterprise activities, further improving and raising the efficiency of this system. The model of forming the efficient system of enterprise ecological management was suggested. The improvement and efficiency of this system presupposes using general principles and those of efficiency, external environmental information, and SWOT-analysis. The international experience of inefficient ecological management, proving the expediency of using the system of enterprise ecological management, was shown.

Управление как технология в рамках адаптивно-технологического подхода

Because the effectiveness of the methods and models of industrial enterprises management used now no longer provides a significant increase, and the methods and models themselves are actually outdated, there is an urgent need for new views and approaches to the management process. Native companies are in this situation even worse than foreign ones because of the policy of applying sanctions from Western countries, as well as due to the low level of technological development and the lack of investment in technological updating, which, in fact, most Russian companies do not carried out. In this article, the management of industrial enterprises is considered as one of the technologies in the framework of the adaptive-technological approach to management developed by the author, which represents the enterprise as a set of technologies (production, information, management, etc.) that obey the objective laws of development. The generalized definition of technology proposed in the article allows us to reduce any activity in the enterprise to this concept, including management. Moreover, management is essentially a process of transforming information about the system and the state of the external environment (information) into a control action (information). Thus, management technologies were assigned to a subclass of information technologies according to the classification proposed by the author, which distinguishes technologies depending on the environment undergoing transformation and the product that is available at the output. This made it possible to argue that the further development of managerial technologies will go along the path of increasingly introducing into the management advanced technologies developed in the IT industry.

Therapeutic effects of sensory input training on motor function rehabilitation after stroke.

Motor dysfunction is a common and severe complication of stroke that affects the quality of life of these patients. Currently, motor function rehabilitation predominantly focuses on active movement training; nevertheless, the role of sensory input is usually overlooked. Sensory input is very important to motor function. Voluntary functional movement necessitates preparation, execution, and monitoring functions of the central nervous system, while the monitoring needs the participation of the sensory system. Sensory signals affect motor functions by inputting external environment information and intrinsic physiological status as well as by guiding initiation of the motor system. Recent studies focusing on sensory input-based rehabilitation training for post-stroke dyskinesia have demonstrated that sensory function has significant effects on voluntary functional movements. In conclusion, sensory input plays a crucial role in motor function rehabilitation, and the combined sensorimotor training modality is more effective than conventional motor-oriented approaches.

The Effect of Information Opacity and Accounting Irregularities on Personal Lending Relationships: Evidence from Lender and Manager Co-Migration

ABSTRACT We examine how personal lending relationships between lenders and managers are affected by information and accounting environments of borrowing firms. We address this question by exploring whether, following managerial turnover, lenders migrate with the manager from the firm where a relationship developed (origin firm) to the manager's new firm (destination firm). We find that the opacity of the external information environment of the destination firm significantly increases the probability of lenders' co-migration, while accounting irregularities at both the destination and origin firms decrease it. We also show that co-migration is affected by a lender's monitoring efficiency. A lender's monitoring efficiency increases its co-migration probability when a manager moves to an opaque firm, but not when she moves to a transparent one. When the destination or origin firm experiences accounting irregularities, even lenders with strong monitoring capabilities are mostly reluctant to continue their relationship with a migrating manager.

P141 - Examining the Real and Perceived Food Environment, Shopping Behaviors, and Predictors of Dietary Behavior Among a Group of Older, Racially Diverse Off-Campus College Students

Background (Background, Rationale, Prior Research, and/or Theory): College students face unique challenges to engaging in healthy dietary behaviors, often leading to weight gain or nutrient deficiencies that may have long-term implications. More research is needed to understand the food environment of off-campus students and its impact on shopping, cooking, and diet, particularly in a sample of older and more racially diverse students. Objective: Examine relationships between off-campus student food environment, shopping behaviors, and dietary behaviors and outcomes. Study Design, Setting, Participants, Intervention: Cross-sectional survey of off-campus college students at a designated minority-serving institution. Students (non-Freshman, living off campus) were recruited through targeted emails, and selected by random and convenience sample. Participants (n = 418) reported demographic information, consumption (validated 26-item Dietary Screener Questionnaire (DSQ)), shopping habits, and perceptions of external food environment. Participant addresses were geocoded, and GIS was used to map proximal food stores and derive a modified-Retail Food Environment Index (m-RFEI) score for each participant, a ratio of healthy to less-healthy stores. Outcome Measures and Analysis: Univariate, Bivariate, and Linear Regression analyses performed. Results: Students perceived limited (39%) and low quality (32%) fresh fruits and vegetables and abundant fast food near their home (84%). Students mostly consumed food not requiring cooking (63.2%) or fast food (61%). Students shopped at their primary food store on average less than four times per month. Low average m-RFEI (8.15) indicated an environment of mostly fast food and convenience stores. After controlling for other factors, m-RFEI scores were positively associated with student age (.03) and income (.02), and BMI was positively associated with age, sugar sweetened beverage frequency, and having financial aid, and higher among racial minorities. Most students (76%) desired to eat healthier. Conclusions and Implications: Strategies are needed to help low-income off-campus college students, particularly racial minorities, overcome limited healthy food access for a healthier dietary pattern. Funding: UNC-Greensboro Internal Faculty Research Award.