External Customers Research Articles

PENGUKURAN MUTU LAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN TOKO RITEL INDOMARET X KOTA SURAKARTA

This research study aimed at revealing perception on public’s satisfaction index to the service quality of Indomaret Retail X Surakarta from the dimension of tangibles, reliabilities, responsiveness, assurance and empathy.
 The population is all community members living in the Surakarta areas who have reported the research samples are 95 respondents that have been established using Cronin and Taylor’s Weighted Servqual formulation. The sampling applies the purposive sampling. The data are collected by means of quetionnaire with 6-scale of confirmation index to obtain the data of customers satisfaction index-tangibles, reliabilities, responsiveness , assurance and empathy each instrument has been examined and has fulfilled the validity and reliability standard through the Hoyt program, SPSS of 21.
 Servqual has started with the concept of services quality and has demonstrated the model of services quality gaps. This research tries to identify the most important dimension and perception of external customers towards the Indomaret Retail X Surakarta. The result shows that most servqual model factor, reliabilities are less satisfied than it should be

The Implementation of the Balanced Scorecard for Improving Quality of Education

The Balanced Score-Card is a principle of managing professional and balanced organizational institutions concerning financial and non-financial aspects. The BSC can be applied to for-profit and non-profit institutions, such as the Putra Satria educational institution. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive approach. It is collecting data by interview, observation, and documentation notes. Data analysis refers to the balanced scorecard theory, which includes financial and non-financial aspects. The result is that the BSC has been implemented well by the Putra Satria Junior High School so that the school has a financial surplus. In addition, internal and external customers aspects of customer satisfaction feel satisfied with school management services. Internal business aspects by carrying out innovations in facilities and infrastructure that have been carried out by school management, as well as innovations in teaching (teaching and learning activities), carried out by teachers. In addition, it was found that the school cares for the development of human resources for teachers and employees through courses, training, seminars, or academic activities that support improving their education.

How have lean supply chains coped with the COVID-19 pandemic? A normal accidents theory perspective

This research aims to empirically examine how Lean Supply Chains (LSC) have coped with the disruptive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic from the normal accidents theory (NAT) perspective. Initially, a literature review was conducted to identify the main dimensions of LSC. Then, four experts were interviewed, offering insight into how each of the LSC dimensions copes with disruptions in general. Finally, three case studies of manufacturing shed light on the LSC implications for the pandemic context in particular. From the NAT viewpoint, the effects of the pandemic are analyzed according to two dimensions of the interactions that make up an LSC: linear to non-linear, and loosely to tightly-coupled. The more non-linear and tightly-coupled the interactions the more vulnerable the LSC is to disruptions. Results indicated that LSC might effectively and quickly adapt to keep interactions as linear as possible through transparent information flows and collaborative work while at the same time temporarily reducing tight-couplings through inventory increases. Some of the countermeasures to cope with the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic conflict with LSC principles, such as inventory reduction, developing a solid customer-supplier relationship, and long-term orientation. This points out the contingent nature of some lean principles as well as the meta principle that guided companies’ behaviours in the case studies, namely adding value to internal and external customers.

Analisis Implementasi Total Quality Management dalam Memperbaiki Mutu Religius Siswa

Implementation of Total Quality Management at SMKIT Khoiru Ummah Rejang Lebong is carried out as an effort to ensure quality that is carried out continuously. One of them is in the religious or religious aspects of students. discussion of the results of this study focused on the SWOT analysis of the implementation of TQM in improving the religious quality of students at SMKIT Khoiru Ummah Rejang Lebong. The research activity was carried out with a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected by interview, observation and documentation, data were analyzed by data reduction techniques, displaying data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that there are things that are strengths, including leadership, school management, the environment and strong cooperation. The weaknessesincludethe teacher's ability in religious aspects and the teacher's firmness in giving warnings, directions, or punishments. Things that become opportunities include a well-known school name, the trust of the school's external customers, and cooperation from parents. Threats include the transfer of principals, the impact of technological developments and student interest in learning religion. 
 Keywords: Analysis SWOT, Total Quality Management

Internal branding as a tool for integrated organisational alignment

Within an evolving business environment, it is central to the continuing success of organisationsthat internal communication be taken into consideration in the quest to increase organisationalcompetitive advantage. This paper explores the importance of an alignment existing betweeninternal organisational values and the external organisational image. As such, to guaranteethe promotion of employee satisfaction through an internal organisational alignment strategy,improvement should be made to internal communication strategies. As it implemented internalbranding initiatives so as to align internal stakeholders with the core organisational values and itsexternal corporate brand image, Absa Bank is the chosen sample. Through qualitative research,the participants concur that the aim of the internal branding initiative is to improve the quality ofservice rendered, to retain external customers, and to impact positively on the bank’s profitability.Based on the research, the data analysis reveals that a key contribution is the conceptualisationof the term ‘integrated organisational communication’.

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Success of Traditional Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): An Investigation of the Footprints of Economic Crisis Attributable to COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic created a significant economic decline and altered market behavior, forcing buyers and dealers online. The traditional local market merchants are not fully equipped with e-commerce business techniques and strategies, which is a barrier to their e-commerce behavior and success. The study aims to help small-medium firms adapt to an uncertain economic environment instead of reducing or shutting down business-like in Pakistan. From health to education, economy to domestic and social protection, various researches have been done since 2020. The researcher used primary data sources and did a Quantitative study after collecting the 240 samples size of data from the successful e-commerce players of Pakistan. The results confirm that customer satisfaction is essential for entrepreneurs to succeed, as customers were not satisfied with online shopping during COVID-19. Customer knowledge management (CKM) and job satisfaction (JS) are studied as potential and realized capacity variables. CKM act as a strategic asset to collect and assimilate the external customer knowledge. In contrast, satisfied employees act as a valuable asset that dynamically responds to changing customer needs and business environment by efficiently utilizing their knowledge and skills and reaching business success which is mirrored in customer satisfaction. Conclusive results enable practitioners to perceive the business success during economic crises in the organization’s absorptive capacity.

Reducing Salesperson Turnover Intentions via Organizational Market Orientation and Selective Hiring: A Job Demand-Resources Approach

ABSTRACT Purpose This study is designed to respond to repeated calls for research on sales person retentionby building upon a mature research stream to identify ways to reduce turnover in boundary spanning employees and the resultant effect it has on organizational productivity. Specifically, this research draws on the Job Demands-Resources model to explore the effect of employee perceptions of firm market orientation as a way to reduce role stressors and subsequently turnover intentions. It also looks at employee traits that may serve as a buffer to the role stress to turnover intentions link and can be part of the hiring selection process (in this case grit). In so doing, this research uses a sample of early career salespeople to examine the effects of a firm’s market orientation (MO) and selective hiring for specific traits (level of grit) on a salesperson’s intention to quit using Job Demand-Resources as a framework. Design/Methodology/Approach The authors utilized a questionnaire to collect data from a sample consisting of 260 respondents who were employed full-time and worked in either B2B or B2C sales as boundary-spanning employees. The measures utilized in this study have been used in previous research and have demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity. Analysis of the latent constructs was conducted using PLS-SEM. The model was assessed as specified in the hypotheses and was estimated using the PLS algorithm to obtain path coefficient estimates. Findings Findings suggest that organizations can benefit internally from strong MO by mitigating stressors placed on boundary-spanning employees. Those who perceived strong MO in their employer experienced more clearly defined roles, which led to decreased role ambiguity. These increased levels of job satisfaction, which reduced turnover intention. Additionally, Grit appears to only moderate the link between role conflict and job satisfaction, which suggests that grit can serve as an additional resource salespeople can tap into in response to the demands of role stressors thereby reducing their likelihood of leaving their positions. Research Implications In this research, inclusion of market orientation as an antecedent to role stressors in the Job Demands-Resources model expands the conceptualization of the construct as it relates to salespeople in that market orientation is something the firm can control directly. This opens research opportunities to use this model in the sales literature. In addition, the job-demands-resources model expands the role of grit beyond positive psychology to be viewed as a resource in stressful situations and puts the role of grit into a theoretical framework for use in business contexts. As such, the current work suggests that the grit scale can be used to replace measures used for similar constructs such as tenacity. Practical Implications This research suggests that role ambiguity can be reduced by the presence of a market orientation. This reduction in role ambiguity leads to an increase in job satisfaction which leads to reduced turnover intention. Thus, this study indicates that there may be a cost-saving benefit (e.g. recruiting and retention efforts, lost sales, etc.) that accrues to firms with a market orientation due to reduced salesperson turnover via role perceptions. This supports that the idea that organizations can benefit from market orientation not only externally, but also internally in terms of mitigating stressors placed on boundary-spanning employees. Therefore, companies should push for adoption of market orientation in order to alleviate some key role stressors placed on their salespeople in addition to the already established benefits from external customers. The link between grit, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions is another positive finding. As expected, job satisfaction helps reduce turnover intentions; however, the relationship is moderated by grit in such a way that people with higher grit show a weaker link between job satisfaction and turnover intentions while those with lower levels of grit show a stronger link between job satisfaction and turnover intentions. This raises human resource issues in the hiring process: human resource managers should work to identify salespeople with high levels of grit in order to better minimize turnover intentions given the cost of turnover to organizations. Originality This research expands existing research by examining the effects of a firm’s market orientation (MO) and selective hiring for specific traits (level of grit) on a salesperson’s intention to quit using Job Demand-Resources as a framework Combining these two literature streams – market orientation and salesperson grit – is novel and will inspire new thinking and foster new insights. This study serves as a starting point for future research to examine firm controllable resources (market orientation) along with employee traits that can act as a buffer (grit) when resources are scarce.

External exigencies and customer loyalty nexus in Nigeria retail banks

Customer loyalty is crucial in the retail banking sector, given the increasing competition within the industry and the emerging non-traditional players. This paper examines the influence of external exigencies on customer loyalty of retail banks in Nigeria. Data used in this study was collected from 424 customers of eight (8) selected banks located in Ibadan, a metropolitan city in Nigeria. The primary statistical tool used was Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in analysing data collected. The study's findings revealed that external exigencies as a construct, has a positive influence on customer loyalty with internal appearance of bank and attractive advertisement accounting for the main factors contributing to loyalty. Similarly, External Exigencies were found to have positive influence on Customer Loyalty to their banks, at significant level. The managerial implication of this study is the consideration of non-core banking factors that can enhance customer loyalty in retail banking.

When proactive employees meet the autonomy of work—A moderated mediation model based on agency theory and job characteristics theory

Building on Agency Theory and Job Characteristics Theory, this study examines how the autonomy of work interacts with individual proactivity and jointly enhances hotel frontline employees’ self-affirmation and performance. Using a longitudinal research design of three-wave data collection, the findings of this study suggested that the autonomy of work enhances employees’ perceived self-efficacy and sense of personal control. Although the perceived sense of control did not lead to employees’ organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), self-efficacy can facilitate employees’ OCBs directed toward both internal and external customers. In addition, the autonomy of work’s influence on employees’ perceived self-efficacy and sense of control was stronger among employees with relatively proactive personalities. The study adds empirical evidence to Agency Theory and Job Characteristics Theory and supports the importance of autonomy at the workplace as a necessary factor to encourage employees’ OCBs.

Business Process Improvement Using Bpi Method in the Implementation of Communication Network Device to Support Online Bank Branch Office and ATMs

Business Process Improvement or BPI is a systematic framework built to assist organizations in making significant progress in the implementation of their business processes. BPI provides a system that will assist in the streamlining of business processes, by guaranteeing that internal and external customers of the organization will get better output than before, the purpose of this research is to provide business process improvement solutions with the BPI methodology in the implementation of the network device to support online ATM dan branch office. PT bank ABC is one of the biggest state-owned banks in Indonesia, which was established on December 16, 1895, in Purwokerto, Central Java. Currently has more than 20,000 office locations throughout Indonesia, where all these offices are online using Fiber Optic, MPLS, and VSAT technology, currently the business flow of the implementation process has not been optimal and is monitored manually with a long bureaucracy. An analysis of the activities in each business process is carried out where each of these activities has different characteristics, where we find 7 activities have value as real value-added (RVA) 6 activities that have value as business value-added (BVA), and 20 activities that have value as non-value added (NVA). Using streamlining tools provided by BPI we can streamline the existing business processes where from the results of streaming on the old business process we get 20 activities that have value as NVA can be streamlined using the Bureaucracy Elimination tool and 13 activities that have value as BVA and RVA can be streamed using the Upgrading tool. The results of the analysis are obtained by comparing the current business process and what is proposed from this research. After process improvement, The results of the simulation using bizagi software show that the processing time required to run the process is shorter in the recommended business process compared to the existing business process, where the average time required before is 10 Days 3 Hours 38 Minutes 45 Seconds with 33 activities involved and after we streamline it with Bureaucracy Elimination tool and Upgrading tool, we found the new average time is 3 Days 2 Hours 42 Mins 30 seconds and the new business process only have 14 activities. Based on the evaluation and simulation results that we have done Further research can use the evaluation results as a reference in the preparation of analysis and development of software applications and further research can develop an analysis that uses cost details that are not available in this research.

Behind the “specialty”: personal values that influence the behavior of specialty coffee consumers

PurposeThis study aimed to describe the cognitive associations existing among specialty coffee consumers through the means-end chain theory and personal values.Design/methodology/approachThe research follows a descriptive qualitative study that used in-depth interviews and laddering, to collect data among 40 interviews with regular consumers of specialty coffees in Brazil. The interviews were transcribed, and from the content analysis, the attributes, consequences and values that emerged in the discourse of consumers of specialty coffees were found. The categories were later classified – according to the level of abstraction – and inserted into the LadderUx® software to generate the implication matrix and the hierarchical map of values. The interpretation of results occurred in a descriptive way.FindingsBased on a hierarchical value map, the following personal values were identified: universalism, self-directed action, accomplishment, tradition and personal security. These values can be considered guides for consumption behavior. They are also related to consumption behavior that values technical attributes, such as roast level, packaging, aroma and flavor, and the relationships between these values and personal improvement, social relationships and recognition are relevant factors involved in decision-making.Originality/valueThis study presents the cognitive structure of Brazilian specialty coffee consumers. The coherent use of this information enhances the development of marketing actions involving communication actions, relationships with internal and external customers, new farm management strategies, direct trade with consumers and sustainable improvements in the production chain. These are the factors that can motivate the purchase of food, thus attracting new consumers to this emerging market.

Segment Reporting and Cost of Capital of Banks with International Authorization in Nigeria

This study investigated the effect of segment reporting on cost of capital of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria. The dependent variable of this study was cost of capital which was proxied by cost of debt, while segment reporting being the independent variable was proxied by business segment information, geographical segment information and external customer information. The research design adopted for the study was ex post facto, secondary data was employed, three hypotheses were also tested, and purposive sampling technique was employed. The data for the study was analyzed using ordinary least square technique and the statistical tool used was STATA 16. From the outcome of the analysis, it was found out that business segment information and geographical segment information has significant effect on cost of debt capital of selected banks in Nigeria. Thus it was concluded that reporting separate financial information about reportable segments have the likelihood to reduce the banks cost of debt. Based on the outcome of this study, it was recommended that banks should in addition to the disclosure requirement of IFRS 8 make other voluntary and non-financial information as this will completely eliminate information asymmetry and in both the short and long run reduce their cost of debt.

Marketing and Its Impact on Service Quality in the Healthcare Industry of Pakistan

The quality of healthcare services in every society has been a dire need across each era. The effective implementation of which is only possible if the healthcare workers get provided with a suitable environment to perform their duties in. Considering this, the current study determines the impact of internal marketing on the quality of external services delivered to the patients in the labor-intensive healthcare industry of Pakistan. Further, the mediatory role of internal service quality between the said variables is taken into account. The survey-based study was conducted in the twin metropolitans of Pakistan (Islamabad & Rawalpindi). The collected data from 500 individuals comprised of internal customers i.e. doctors, staff members, and external customers i.e. patients, of the public sector as well as private sector hospitals. The study conclusively suggested a significantly positive impact of internal marketing over the external service quality; in both service sectors. Though the public-sector healthcare organizations were found to be comparatively more effective in the implementation of service quality delivered to its customers, in contrast to the private sector healthcare institutions.

Turning Bright to Dark: CEO Charisma, Dark Triad Traits, and Corporate Social Irresponsibility

Many of the numerous corporate scandals and business failures over the past few decades seem to have occurred under the leadership of charismatic CEOs: apparently, charisma has a “dark side”. Yet, the extant academic literature on CEO charisma has been silent to date on the potential dark side of CEO charisma—prior theory and research has taken an explicitly “bright” view of the phenomenon that presumes that CEOs use their charismatic power to lead in an empowering manner that aligns and commits their stakeholders toward their organizations’ missions and values, and to presumably beneficial organizational and social outcomes. The very limited past research that has considered this issue has been conceptual in nature and has largely attributed the dark side of CEO charisma to leaders’ followership and/or the context. Therefore, we lack a systematic understanding of the characteristics of leaders that result in charismatic CEOs using their charismatic power in dark and harmful ways. We draw upon and integrate past notions of personalized leadership and research on dark personality traits to suggest that the dark triad (DT) traits—Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy—equip charismatic CEOs with the disinhibited, domineering, exploitative, and leader-focused orientation needed to turn charisma from bright to dark. In particular, we hypothesize that firms run by dark charismatic CEOs—i.e., those CEOs high in charisma and DT traits—will be associated with corporate socially irresponsible activities, both toward internal (employees) and external (customers) stakeholders, in ways that differ from charismatic CEOs. We develop and test our hypotheses on a sample of Fortune 500 CEOs using a video-metric approach to assessing each CEO’s charisma and DT traits. Given our highly supportive findings, we call for future research on CEO charisma to delve more deeply into the dark side of charisma.

Impact of Engineering Change Request in Production System in the Pandemic Period

Abstract Technical changes are part of the product or process life cycle. Their role is to develop the product and achieve the best production process. If it is functional, then engineering modifications are the best way to go. This work paper considered, the principles for change, how to effectively implement change in an organization, the importance of managing change and the role of management in change. The theoretical part of the work paper offer information about internal performance, and the implications during the implementation of changes in production system. From presented analysis show that the human factor is the key to the successful implementation of changes. After a successful study of the topics, it emerged that change requires management and full support of employees. Proper timings should be designed during change implementation. Lastly, a successful change agenda considers both internal and external stakeholders, that is, employees, management, and customers. To better the writings on the concept of change and management, this study is open to future research and more insight on change. The internal project team will use all these information in scope to ensure the success of the change. The analysis of engineering change request data shows that even though the quality of the engineering change request varies, there are several often-followed guidelines and best practices, in addition to the formal requirements for an engineering change request.

ROLE AND PLACE OF IMPLEMENTED INNOVATIONS IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the role and place of higher education institutions in the implementation of innovations in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. Traditional farming practices have been proven to be improved and modified through automation and the introduction of modern, large-scale technological solutions that reduce risk, increase resilience and provide producers with predictive solutions to make agriculture more productive. The positive side of the transfer of knowledge is the opportunity for ZVO to get an additional way to diversify sources of income, thereby turning it into a subject of entrepreneurship in the regional economy. Implementation of innovative activity requires the presence of a system of its organization. It was called the knowledge transfer system. The most important factor in the effectiveness of knowledge transfer processes is the presence of an appropriate organizational infrastructure, which acts as an “exchange buffer” between external customers and university units, its teachers and scientists. The expansion of cooperation between subjects of the Regional Innovation System is crucial for encouraging the wide use of academic knowledge as innovations in the regional economy. Based on the concept of reviewing the role of higher education institutions as a generator of knowledge development in society, we considered the possibilities of organizing the interaction of interested parties, including business representatives and government bodies. We believe that an institute that would consolidate the scientific and technical structures of large companies, research stations and laboratories, institutions of higher education, venture investment firms, investment funds and companies, insurance companies, credit cooperatives, consulting and other specialized services, i.e. about objects that carry out various stages of the investment cycle can become an agroinvestpark. We believe that its creation will contribute to the unification of efforts in the organization of educational, research, investment and innovation activities, the improvement of the educational process of training specialists for the needs of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, the development and offering of science-intensive technologies and innovative developments on the market. Therefore, in order to promote the innovative activity of agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive and systematic personnel policy as a consistent activity of state authorities and local self-government bodies for the purpose of rational use and reproduction of the personnel potential of agriculture. We believe that for this purpose it is necessary to improve the quality of training of specialists in educational institutions of agricultural education, to reform the system of retraining and advanced training of personnel at all levels of professional education, to ensure the adjustment of training programs based on shifting the emphasis to practical training for the introduction of progressive technologies and equipment.

Optimization of the calculation times of the business process of production lines through the use of information technology

Currently the Information Technology (IT) are fundamental for the development of an organization, so it must be well managed to provide VALUE to the internal or external customers thereof, IT support critical business processes and support process on an organization so, if there is not an IT strategic plan aligned to the strategic business plan it willbe impossible obtain the benefits of the area, and it will be impossible to be seen as a profit center or investment center and will remain regarded as a cost center. In this work proposes through consultancy to provide the synergy that must exist between the business and technology providing great VALUE in different corners of the organization through the appropriate use of IT.

The role of top management support in the implementation of public sector supply chain management in the public sector in Harare, Zimbabwe

The study investigated the role of top management support in the implementation of public sector supply chain management practices with specific reference to public procuring entities in Harare, Zimbabwe. In order to achieve the intended research objectives, the study used a quantitative research design where 217 questionnaires were distributed to both employees and management. The study found that top management from the public procuring entities did not provide adequate necessary information and communicationtechnological tools necessary for effective supply chain management planning. It was also revealed that the top management in the public procuring entities does not provide an organizational vision that embraces supply chain management continual improvement. Furtherance, the study concluded that there is no commitment supported by adequate resources on the implementation of supply chain management practices and strategies from the top management in the public sector procuring entities. The study recommends that it should be the role of management to implement realistic objectives and provide supply chain management related training to their employees, enhance teamwork effort and provide priority and attention to internal and external customers. The support of senior management support would greatly influence the successful implementation of supply chain management practices in public procuring entities.

A VALUES-BASED APPROACH TO RADICAL INNOVATION: FACILITATING THE REINTERPRETATION OF CORE VALUES THROUGH DESIGN-DRIVEN PRACTICES

This paper contributes to a growing body of literature on values-based approaches to innovation. In particular, we explore the role that core values should have in radical innovation processes and in guiding the ability of organisations in learning and unlearning, i.e., identifying and developing abilities and competences coherent with the values of the organisation. First, the paper provides a conceptual explanation: it clarifies and highlights the characteristics and implications that core values should have when considered within a radical innovation approach, in particular their ability to be embodied in design objects (meaningful to internal individuals and external customers), and their ability to be open to contingency, deriving their strength from their ability to evolve and be reinterpreted. Secondly, based on this, we put forward a design-driven and interpretation-based facilitation method to support organisations in making sense of their past and future core values and illustrate this method by positioning it when compared with other existing methods. An overview of the outputs of the method and their knowledge value for the organisation together with an illustration conclude the paper.

Development of a global operational snow analysis: The US Air Force Snow and Ice Analysis

This study describes the development of a new, near real-time (NRT) global operational snow analysis, called the US Air Force Snow and Ice Analysis (USAF-SI). USAF-SI is a timely replacement for USAF 557th Weather Wing (557 WW)’s Snow Depth Analysis Model (SNODEP), which provides a six-hourly global analysis of snow at 25-km resolution and is used by numerous other 557 WW programs and external customers. USAF-SI incorporates several major enhancements over SNODEP. USAF-SI employs additional ancillary datasets and updates the algorithms related to passive microwave-based snow depth (SD) retrieval, surface observation blending, and quality control. The spatial resolution of USAF-SI estimates is also enhanced from 25-km to 10-km. The quality of USAF-SI is evaluated by comparing it against independent in-situ measurements at ~2300 sites. USAF-SI demonstrates improved performance over SNODEP, particularly during the peak snow accumulation and spring snow melt periods. In addition, USAF-SI is compared with routinely available SD analysis such as Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ERA5-Land, and Canadian Meteorological Center. Overall, the NRT USAF-SI provides comparable skills to these high-latency products, while outperforming them in some of the regional evaluations.