External Cuneate Nucleus Research Articles

Organization of group I activated cells in the main and external cuneate nuclei of the cat: convergence patterns demonstrated by natural stimulation.

Patterns of inhibitory and excitatory convergence were investigated for 70 group I activated cells in the main cuneate nucleus (MCN) (34 identified cuneo-thalamic relay cells) and 102 group I activated cells in the external cuneate nucleus (ECN), using natural stimulation of stretch receptors in various wrist muscles. MCN cells as well as ECN cells showed a high degree of spatial specificity. Most of the cells were activated by receptors in one wrist muscle only. A few cells were activated from a couple of adjacent synergists. Inhibitory effects were rarely produced in group I activated MCN cells, but were common among the ECN cells (40%). Many different combinations of excitation and inhibition from the various wrist muscles were found for ECN cells. There was no particular tendency of reciprocal effects from antagonistic muscles.

Organization of afferent connections to cuneocerebellar tract.

1. The afferent connections to 180 cuneocerebellar tract (CCT) neurones were studied in the cat. The neurones were classified into two groups, proprioceptive and exteroceptive. 2. The proprioceptive neurones (P-CCT) occurred in the external cuneate nucleus and were monosynaptically activated by group I muscle afferents. About 60% of these neurones received additional excitation from group II muscle afferents. 3. The P-CCT neurones received excitation from one nerve only. 4. The P-CCT neurones received postsynaptic inhibition from muscle nerves not supplying excitation. 5. The exteroceptive neurones (E-CCT) occurred in the main cuneate nucleus and received di- and polysynaptic excitation from cutaneous afferents. Most neurones received additional excitation from high threshold muscle afferents. The latter originated from receptors that were sometimes activated by pressure against deep structures but seldom, if ever, from slowly adapting stretch receptors in muscle. 6. The E-CCT neurones were usually activated from several skin and muscle nerves. 7. Stimulation of the sensorimotor area of the cerebral cortex evoked inhibition in some P-CCT neurones and excitation and/or inhibition in some E-CCT neurones. 8. The afferent organization of the CCT is compared with that of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. The information carried by the two tracts is discussed.

Origin and termination of cuneocerebellar tract.

1. The origin and termination was determined for cells belonging to the cuneocerebellar tract in the cat, which consists of one proprioceptive component (P-CCT) activated by group I muscle afferents and one exteroceptive component (E-CCT) activated by cutaneous afferents. The recording sites of the cells were histologically verified and the termination of the axons assessed by antidromic activation from the cerebellar surface. 2. The P-CCT originates from cells in the external cuneate nucleus, where forelimb muscles are somatotopically represented. The observations suggest that practically all cells in this nucleus project to the cerebellum and are activated by muscle afferents. 3. The E-CCT originates from cells in the rostral part of the main cuneate nucleus, where they occur intermingled with lemniscal neurones. 4. The CCT terminates in the pars intermedia of lobule V of the anterior lobe and in the four rostral folia of the paramedian lobule. The majority of the cells send one branch to each projection area. 5. The P-CCT and E-CCT terminate in the same projection areas. 6. CCT neurones activated from distal and proximal parts of the limb terminate diffusely in the entire projection area, although there is some tendency for neurones activated from distal parts to terminate caudally and for neurones activated from proximal parts to terminate rostrally.

Selective staining of degenerating axons in the central nervous system by a simplified silver method: spinal cord projections to external cuneate and inferior olivary nuclei in the cat

Selective staining of degenerating axons in the central nervous system by a simplified silver method: spinal cord projections to external cuneate and inferior olivary nuclei in the cat

Discharge of cerebellar neurons related to two maintained postures and two prompt movements. II. Purkinje cell output and input.

Discharge of cerebellar neurons related to two maintained postures and two prompt movements. II. Purkinje cell output and input.

Discharge of cerebellar neurons related to two maintained postures and two prompt movements. I. Nuclear cell output.

Discharge of cerebellar neurons related to two maintained postures and two prompt movements. I. Nuclear cell output.

Localization in caudal brain stem and cervical spinal cord of neurones activated from forelimb group I afferents in the cat

Focal potentials in the main and external cuneate nuclei and in the rostral part of the cervical spinal cord evoked by volleys in forelimb muscle and cutaneous nerves have been studied. The electrode penetrations were made systematically and the tracks were reconstructed from histological sections. Nuclear regions that project to the ventrobasal thalamic nuclei were identified by antidromic stimulation. Group I muscle afferents evoked activity in the ventral part of the main cuneate nucleus. Cutaneous afferents project to more dorsal parts. Group I evoked potentials could not be recorded from the most rostral part of the nucleus. In the group I activated region of the nucleus the overlap of projections from different muscles was considerable. The external cuneate nucleus contains group I activated cells organized in a somatotopic manner. Distal muscles project to medial parts and proximal muscles to more lateral parts of the nucleus. No activity was recorded in the external cuneate nucleus on stimulation of cutaneous nerves. In the dorsal horn of the rostral part of the cervical cord a group of neurones was encountered which could be activated by group I afferents from distal muscles.

DEPOLARIZATION OF PRESYNAPTIC FIBERS IN THE CUNEATE NUCLEUS.

DEPOLARIZATION OF PRESYNAPTIC FIBERS IN THE CUNEATE NUCLEUS.

Cutaneous projection to second-order neurons of the dorsal column system.

Cutaneous projection to second-order neurons of the dorsal column system.

Projection of the external cuneate nucleus onto the cerebellum in the cat: An experimental study using silver methods

Electrolytic lesions of the external cuneate nucleus with some involvement of neighboring structures were made in four adult cats. Two normal animals, two submitted to “phantom operations,” and five experimental ones with lesions escaping the external cuneate nucleus, served as controls. Approximately serial sagittal sections through the cerebellum were treated according to the Nauta (44) method, some according to the methods of Glees (30) and Reumont and Lhermitte (48). The distribution of degenerating fibers in the cerebellum was mapped, and their mode of termination studied. The degeneration interpreted as a result of the lesion of the external cuneate nucleus was confined to two areas, ipsilaterally, one anteriorly and one posteriorly. The anterior area comprised Larsell's lobule V, the anterior part of VI, and possibly the posterior part of IV. The posterior area included the pars posterior and the most anterior folium of the pars anterior of the paramedian lobule, as well as the folia in the depth of the fissura prepyramidalis, possibly including all folia of sublobule VIII A. Since the external cuneate nucleus receives dorsal spinal root afferents from C 1 to T 8 these cerebellar areas receive impulses from neck, forelimb, and upper part of the trunk. The terminal areas rorrespond rather well to the “forelimb areas” determined by physiological methods by several authors. The neurons of the external cuneate nucleus terminate as mossy fibers.

Electro-anatomical study of cerebellar localization; stimulation of various afferents.

ArticlesELECTRO-ANATOMICAL STUDY OF CEREBELLAR LOCALIZATION. STIMULATION OF VARIOUS AFFERENTSC. Murphy CombsC. Murphy CombsPublished Online:01 Mar 1954https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1954.17.2.123MoreSectionsPDF (3 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByOlov Oscarsson (1931–1996) of Lund University, a Pioneer in Cerebellar Neurobiology24 January 2023 | The Cerebellum, Vol. 2Distributed sensory coding by cerebellar complex spikes in units of cortical segmentsCell Reports, Vol. 37, No. 6Olivocerebellar Somatotopy Revisited11 November 2021Consensus Paper. Cerebellar Reserve: From Cerebellar Physiology to Cerebellar Disorders26 December 2019 | The Cerebellum, Vol. 19, No. 1Triple representation of language, working memory, social and emotion processing in the cerebellum: convergent evidence from task and seed-based resting-state fMRI analyses in a single large cohortNeuroImage, Vol. 172EpigraphsCopyright PagePrefaceGlossary of abbreviationsA century of cerebellar somatotopy: a debated representationNature Reviews Neuroscience, Vol. 5, No. 3The cerebellumThe CerebellumOrigins of cat somatosensory far-ffield and early near-field evoked potentialsElectroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 53, No. 2Cerebellar Afferent Systems1 January 2011Cerebellar Control of MovementThe organization of olivo-cerebellar projections in the opossum,Didelphis Virginiane, as revealed by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidaseThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 179, No. 2Physiopathology of the cerebellum in the monkeyJournal of the Neurological Sciences, Vol. 22, No. 4Psychological Studies of Chronic Cerebellar Stimulation in ManTransmission of Impulses from Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors to the CerebellumDifferences between cerebellar mossy and climbing fibre responses to natural stimulation of forelimb muscle proprioceptorsBrain Research, Vol. 55, No. 2Integration by Purkyně cells of mossy and climbing fiber inputs from cutaneous mechanoreceptorsExperimental Brain Research, Vol. 15, No. 5The effect of the lateral reticular nucleus of the medulla oblongata on the cerebellar cortexNeurophysiology, Vol. 2, No. 6Topical projection of the olivocerebellar system in the cat: An electrophysiological studyThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 140, No. 1Responses of the cerebellar cortex to cutaneous and visceral afferentsPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 314, No. 1The projection of visceral afferents to the cerebellar cortex of the catPfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, Vol. 320, No. 2Features of evoked potentials in the cerebellar cortex of rabbitsNeurophysiology, Vol. 1, No. 1Cerebellar responsiveness to stimulation of the lingual spindle afferent fibers in the hypoglossal nerve of the rhesus monkeyExperimental Neurology, Vol. 23, No. 4Topographical investigations on the climbing fiber inputs from forelimb and hindlimb afferents to the cerebellar anterior lobeExperimental Brain Research, Vol. 6, No. 3Cholinergic mechanisms in the cerebellar cortexInternational Journal of Neuropharmacology, Vol. 7, No. 5Termination and functional organization of a dorsal spino-olivocerebellar pathBrain Research, Vol. 5, No. 4Functional characteristics of neurons in the lateral reticular nucleus with reference to localized cerebellar potentialsExperimental Neurology, Vol. 18, No. 2ReferencesAnatomical Studies of Cerebellar Fibre Connections with Special Reference to Problems of Functional LocalizationThe role of cerebral cortex in evoked somatosensory activity in cat cerebellumExperimental Neurology, Vol. 14, No. 1Identification of a Spinocerebellar Tract Activated from Forelimb Afferents in the CatActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 62, No. 1-2The interaction of various impulses in the cerebellumJournal of the Neurological Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 2Three Ascending Tracts Activated from Group I Afferents in Forelimb Nerves of the CatElectrical reactions of the cerebellar cortex to stimulation of the visceral nerves after denervationBulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 54, No. 4Dualité des voies sensorielles afférentes contrôlant l'activité du noyau rougeElectroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 15, No. 3ReferencesActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 56Projection of the external cuneate nucleus onto the cerebellum in the cat: An experimental study using silver methodsExperimental Neurology, Vol. 5, No. 3The anatomy of the spino-cerebellar fibers in man. II. The distribution of the fibers in the cerebellumThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 117, No. 3Some Aspects of Cerebellar PhysiologyJournal of Neurosurgery, Vol. 18, No. 4Activation of spinocerebellar neurons by adequate exteroceptive and proprioceptive stimulationExperimental Neurology, Vol. 1, No. 5References8 July 2009 | Acta Oto-Laryngologica, Vol. 49, No. sup138Functional Organization of the Dorsal Spino-Cerebellar Tract in the CatActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 36, No. 1-2 More from this issue > Volume 17Issue 2March 1954Pages 123-143 https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1954.17.2.123PubMed13143415History Published online 1 March 1954 Published in print 1 March 1954 Metrics

Spinal pathways for cerebellar projections in the monkey (Macaca mulatta).

ArticleSpinal Pathways for Cerebellar Projections in the Monkey (Macaca Mulatta)F. Morin, and E. D. GardnerF. MorinFrom the Department of Anatomy, Wayne University College of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, and E. D. GardnerFrom the Department of Anatomy, Wayne University College of Medicine, Detroit, MichiganPublished Online:01 Jul 1953https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1953.174.1.155MoreSectionsPDF (1 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited BySpinal Cord and Brain Stem Pathways for Afferents from Joints27 May 2008Cerebellar Afferent Systems1 January 2011Cerebellar afferent systems: A reviewProgress in Neurobiology, Vol. 2Cerebellar responsiveness to stimulation of the lingual spindle afferent fibers in the hypoglossal nerve of the rhesus monkeyExperimental Neurology, Vol. 23, No. 4Analysis of electrical potentials evoked in the cerebellar anterior lobe by stimulation of hindlimb and forelimb nervesExperimental Brain Research, Vol. 6, No. 3Dualité des voies sensorielles afférentes contrôlant l'activité du noyau rougeElectroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 15, No. 3Location, Course, and Characteristics of Uncrossed and Crossed Ascending Spinal Tracts in the CatActa Physiologica Scandinavica, Vol. 58, No. 1Projection of the external cuneate nucleus onto the cerebellum in the cat: An experimental study using silver methodsExperimental Neurology, Vol. 5, No. 3The anatomy of the spino-cerebellar fibers in man. II. The distribution of the fibers in the cerebellumThe Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 117, No. 3Activation of spinocerebellar neurons by adequate exteroceptive and proprioceptive stimulationExperimental Neurology, Vol. 1, No. 5Central connections of a cervical nucleus (nucleus cervicalis lateralis of the cat)The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 103, No. 1 More from this issue > Volume 174Issue 1July 1953Pages 155-161 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1953 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1953.174.1.155PubMed13065512History Received 26 March 1953 Published online 1 July 1953 Published in print 1 July 1953 Metrics

CEREBELLAR ACTION POTENTIALS IN RESPONSE TO STIMULATION OF VARIOUS AFFERENT CONNECTIONS

CEREBELLAR ACTION POTENTIALS IN RESPONSE TO STIMULATION OF VARIOUS AFFERENT CONNECTIONS

THE NUCLEI OF THE POSTERIOR FUNICULI IN MACACUS RHESUS

Because of the uncertainty still reigning as to the number of cell groups to be found in the nuclei of the posterior funiculi, we thought it advisable to undertake a study of the normal cellular arrangement of these nuclei in Macacus rhesus, and then to establish experimentally their anatomic connections. We have particularly been concerned with the morphology and connections of the so-called external or lateral cuneate nucleus which has received different names from various investigators, namely, external portion of the restiform nucleus (Clarke 1 ), Monakow's nucleus (Winkler, 2 Kappers 3 and others), nucleus carporis restiformis (Gudden. Wernicke and Ziehen), Blumenau's nucleus (Geist 4 and Zeehandelaar 5 ), accessory cuneate nucleus (Ranson 6 ) and pars magnocellularis funiculi posterioris (Gagel and Bodechtel 7 ). Study of serial sections of the normal brain of a monkey (Macacus rhesus) has resulted in our distinguishing in the nuclei of the posterior funiculi three large groups of