External Criteria Research Articles

Measuring Paranoid Beliefs in Adolescents: A Comparison of the Revised-Green et al.'s Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS) and the Bird Checklist of Adolescent Paranoia (B-CAP).

Research on paranoid beliefs in adolescents is in its infancy. Valid and reliable assessments are essential to advancing the field, yet there is no current consensus as to which are optimal to use in this population. This study compared the psychometric properties of two measures of paranoia in a general population adolescent sample. A cross-sectional study with quota sampling (gender and age) recruited adolescents (14-17 years) from the UK (n = 262) and USA (n = 200), who completed the Revised Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale (R-GPTS) and the Bird Checklist for Adolescent Paranoia (B-CAP). We assessed factor structures, intercorrelations, overlap of participants identified as at-risk for paranoid thoughts via both scales, convergent validity (scales with one another) and discriminant validity (distress, wellbeing, bullying and discrimination). Both scales performed equally well in terms of factorial validity. Intercorrelations between the subscales and with general distress were high for both measures. However, a substantial percentage of participants were identified as having paranoid beliefs according to the R-GPTS but not the B-CAP. Furthermore, the B-CAP showed a very high correlations (0.69 ≤ r ≤ 0.79) with self-reported bullying experiences, which bordered on multicollinearity. Findings highlight the possibility that B-CAP may risk confounding paranoid beliefs with exposure to bullying more so than R-GPTS, and that B-CAP may miss instances of elevated paranoia that are captured by the R-GPTS. Future research needs to further explore this by validating both scales with an external (e.g., interview-based) criterion for paranoia.

Examination of Academic Human Resource Management Policies of Private Special Education Institutions and Rehabilitation Centers

This research aims to examine the human resource management policies of private special education institutions and rehabilitation centers based on the managers’ views. The basic qualitative research design was adopted in the research. The participants of the study consisted of managers of private special education institutions and rehabilitation centers operating in the province of Adıyaman. Criterion sampling technique was adopted in determining the participants. In this context, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 managers of private special education institutions and rehabilitation centers. The data obtained from the interviews with managers has been analyzed through content analysis. In the research, the opinions of the institution managers regarding the teacher employment process of their institutions were discussed under the themes of "employment criteria“, “employment process," and "problems encountered in the employment process." Policies for teacher development were examined under the themes of "personal development" and "professional development", while policies for teacher integration were examined under the themes of "rewarding". Policies for teacher evaluation were studied under the themes of "in-house evaluation" and "external evaluation". According to research results, the policies that shape the employment process are related to the nature of pre-service education and the professional and academic qualifications of teacher candidates. Additionally, based on the views of school administrators, it has been concluded that the shortage of subject experts is one of the problems encountered in the human resources management process of teacher employment. However, it has been stated that career planning and policies for professional development are insufficient in the process of teacher training and development, and teacher evaluation policies are shaped within the framework of internal and external evaluation criteria.

Profiling learning strategies of medical students: A person-centered approach.

Students within a cohort might employ unique subsets of learning strategies (LS) to study. However, little research has aimed to elucidate subgroup-specific LS usage among medical students. Recent methodological developments, particularly person-centred approaches such as latent profile analysis (LPA), offer ways to identify relevant subgroups with dissimilar patterns of LS use. In this paper, we apply LPA to explore subgroups of medical students during preclinical training in anatomy and examine how these patterns are linked with learning outcomes. We analysed the LS used by 689 undergraduate, 1st and 2nd-year medical students across 6 German universities who completed the short version of the Learning Strategies of University Students (LIST-K) questionnaire, and answered questions towards external criteria such as learning resources and performance. We used the thirteen different LS facets of the LIST-K (four cognitive, three metacognitive, three management of internal and three management of external resources) as LPA indicators. Based on LPA, students can be grouped into four distinct learning profiles: Active learners (45% of the cohort), collaborative learners (17%), structured learners (29%) and passive learners (9%). Students in each of those latent profiles combine the 13 LS facets in a unique way to study anatomy. The profiles differ in both, the overall level of LS usage, and unique combinations of LS used for learning. Importantly, we find that the facets of LS show heterogeneous and subgroup-specific correlations with relevant outcome criteria, which partly overlap but mostly diverge from effects observed on the population level. The effects observed by LPA expand results from variable-centered efforts and challenge the notion that LS operate on a linear continuum. These results highlight the heterogeneity between subgroups of learners and help generate a more nuanced interpretation of learning behaviour. Lastly, our analysis offers practical implications for educators seeking to tailor learning experiences to meet individual student needs.

Development and validation of a test instrument for the assessment of perceived basic motor competencies in first and second graders: the SEMOK-1-2 instrument.

Both actual motor competencies (AMC) and perceived motor competencies (PMC) play an important role in motor development research and children's physical and psychological development. PMC refer to children's perceptions of their motor competencies. To assess the PMC of first and second grade children (aged 6-9 years), the SEMOK-1-2 instrument was developed. The instrument is aligned to the validated MOBAK-1-2 instrument which assesses AMC in the competence areas "object movement" and "self-movement" Accounting for possible reading difficulties in younger children, the motor tasks and answer options were illustrated and explained verbally. The purpose of this study was to test and validate the SEMOK-1-2 instrument and investigate the associations between the constructs AMC, PMC and physical activity (PA), whereby PA was measured by the participation in team and individual sports. Data from N = 404 pupils in the German-speaking part of Switzerland from first and second grades (M = 7.8 years, SD = 0.69, 49% boys) were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to test the factorial validity of the SEMOK-1-2 instrument. Structural equation models were used to investigate the association between the constructs. The analyses confirmed a two-factor structure with the factors PMC "object movement" and PMC "self-movement", corresponding to the factors existing in the MOBAK-1-2 instrument. Latent correlations between AMC factors and the corresponding PMC factors were r = 0.79 for "object movement" and r = 0.76 for "self-movement". Associations with external criteria and covariates, such as sex, were associated with both AMC and PMC. Analyses also revealed that children who participated more often in individual and team sports showed higher levels in both AMC and PMC. The confirmation of the two-factorial structure of the SEMOK-1-2 instrument and the associations between AMC and PMC as well as external criteria indicate construct and criterion validity. The SEMOK-1-2 instrument can be economically utilized for assessing PMC and is also suitable for the monitoring of PMC in the context of Physical Education.

The diversity of well-being indicators: a latent profile analysis.

Research on the dimensional structure of subjective well-being (SWB) suggests a five-dimensional solution, consisting of the three established dimensions of life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect, and two additional empirically supported dimensions: domain satisfaction and happiness. While these dimensions can be aggregated into a superordinate SWB construct, little research has explored how these dimensions differ in their variation across subpopulations of individuals. The present study addresses this gap via secondary analysis of a sample of 1,487 partnered individuals, using the five dimensions of SWB as indicators for latent profile analysis. Analyses returned five profiles, which we labeled Satisfied, Ambivalent, Indifferent, Dissatisfied, and Very Dissatisfied. In the Ambivalent and Indifferent profiles, the dimensions of negative affect and happiness exhibit discrepant behavior, resulting in shape differences. The five profiles are organized with reference to the external criterion of couple satisfaction. At the theoretical level, the results of the present study have the potential to inform current debates about the structure of well-being. These findings suggest that, while SWB can usually be measured as a unidimensional construct, there is still merit to using multidimensional approaches and alternative forms of measurement-such as LPA-that capture complexities normally absent from unidimensional treatments. At the practical level, the results of the current study have the potential to inform well-being interventions (both clinical and otherwise), suggesting that those dealing with well-being in real life situations should pause before concluding that the absence of negativity implies the presence of positivity, or vice versa.

For better or for worse? Visualizing previous intensity levels improves emotion (dynamic) measurement in experience sampling.

It is a long known reality that humans have difficulty to accurately rate the absolute intensity of internal experiences, yet the predominant way experience sampling (ESM) researchers assess participants' momentary emotion levels is by means of absolute measurement scales. In a daily-life experiment (n = 178), we evaluate the efficacy of two alternative assessment methods that should solicit a simpler, relative emotional evaluation: (a) visualizing a relative anchor point on the absolute rating scale that depicts people's previous emotion rating and (b) phrasing emotion items in a relative way by asking for a comparison with earlier emotion levels, using a relative rating scale. Determining five quality criteria relevant for ESM, we conclude that a visual "Last" anchor significantly improves emotion measurement in daily life: (a) Theoretically, this method has the best perceived user experience, as people, for example, find it the easiest and most accurate way to rate their momentary emotions. Methodologically, this type of measurement generates ESM time series that (b) exhibit less measurement error, produce person-level emotion dynamic measures that are (c) often more stable, and in a few cases show stronger (d) univariate and (e) incremental relations with external criteria like neuroticism and borderline personality (e.g., emotional variability). In sum, we see value in the addition of a relative "Last" anchor to absolute measurement scales of future ESM studies on emotions, as it structures the ambiguous rating space and introduces more standardization within and between individuals. In contrast, using relatively phrased emotion items is not recommended. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Individual Differences in Risk and Protective Factors: The Role of Self-Compassion Components among Emergency Responders.

This study investigates individual differences in protective and risk factors among rescue workers (RWs), particularly Red Cross members, to optimize well-being and job performance under high-stress conditions. Employing a person-centered approach, two psychological profiles were identified: an adaptively resilient profile and a maladaptively vulnerable profile, characterized by distinct personality traits, coping methods, life events, and social support networks. A notable external criterion, self-compassion, discerned the profiles with maladaptively vulnerable individuals who exhibited higher self-judgment, social isolation, and emotional over-identification. The study also examined the impact of job roles on these profiles, discovering a prevalence of adaptive resilience among drivers, contrasting with team members who displayed maladaptive resilience and lower self-compassion scores. These insights suggest a nuanced method for identifying RWs who require specialized support, proposing tailored interventions, especially those enhancing self-compassion. The study, through an extensive psychological metric analysis, provides a deeper comprehension of resilience and vulnerability among RWs. This research highlights the importance of recognizing individual differences in protective and risk factors, thereby contributing to the enhancement of mental health and resilience in high-stress professions.

Preschool Peer Aggression Scale (Teacher Form): Validity Reliability Study

This study aimed to develop and establish the validity and reliability of the Preschool Peer Aggression Scale (Teacher Form) (PPAS-TF). The study employed two distinct sample groups. The scale's factor structure was established through Principal Components Analysis on the initial group, which comprised 1106 children (F=508; M=597). The second sample group, which included 551 children (F:255; M:296) was utilized to conduct Confirmatory Factor Analysis to validate the factor structure. The scale's validity was also assessed through content and external criterion validity. For content validity, a literature review and expert consultation were employed. Convenience validity was used for criterion validity. For reliability internal consistency coefficients, item-total correlation coefficients, and correlations between the factors were examined. As a result, the 28-item PPAS-TF for 4-6-year-old children was categorized into three sub-dimensions: social aggression, physical aggression, and verbal aggression. Teachers can use this form to assess aggression levels, with each sub-dimension's score indicating the extent of that specific aggression type. Higher scores in the sub-dimensions signify a greater propensity for that type of aggression. Additionally, an overall assessment can be made using the total score. The distinctiveness of the PPAS-TF arises from its development with a Turkish sample and its incorporation of three sub-dimensions.

The productive processing of formulaic sequences by second language learners in writing.

There has been much debate in psycholinguistic research on whether formulaic sequences (FSs) are processed holistically or in a compositional manner. Whereas most previous studies on this issue focused on the receptive processing of FSs, few have investigated the productive processing of FSs, particularly in the second language (L2) learning context. Besides, most previous studies on L2 FSs examined learner-external FSs, or those identified by external criteria such as corpus frequency with little attention to learner-internal FSs, or psychological units perceived as wholes by learners themselves, although there might be much overlap between learner-external and learner-internal FSs. This study was designed to explore the productive processing of FSs by L2 learners from their own perspective, while taking into account the effects of L2 proficiency and topic familiarity. It made a distinction between internal FSs and purely external FSs as the primary criterion of categorizing learners' processing behaviors. Ten Chinese English learners from two proficiency levels completed two writing tasks differing in topic familiarity. Upon the completion of each task, each participant and the researcher identified the FSs separately and then distinguished internal FSs and purely external FSs (termed as assembled FSs, since they were perceived as being assembled from scratch) collectively. Next, each participant performed video stimulated recall (VSR) for the production process of each FS. The results showed that the learners' conscious processing (i.e., retrieval/assembly and integration into the text) of FSs can be categorized on two levels (lexical and syntactic). There was more holistic processing than compositional processing on the lexical level, but not on the syntactic level, indicating the learners' sizable storages of FSs and the syntactic flexibility of FSs. Furthermore, between-group differences and between-task differences were detected on two processing levels: higher-proficiency students retrieved more internal FSs and made more modifications to them than their lower-proficiency counterparts; in the familiar-topic writing, learners retrieved more internal FSs and made less modifications to them. Based on the findings, a model of L2 FS production is proposed, and pedagogical implications for the teaching of L2 FSs are provided.

Uncovering Structure-Activity Relationships of Phenethylamines: Paving the Way for Innovative Mental Health Treatments.

The rapidly evolving psychedelic industry has garnered considerable attention due to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy's ground-breaking success in treating moderate-to-severe Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in two Phase 3 clinical trials. This has opened Pandora's box for the development of innovative therapeutic modalities. Of particular interest are the phenethylamines and their ability to inhibit monoamine transporters. In this study, we employed the quantitative structure-activity relationship methodology to develop three vigorous models for the reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine through monoamine transporters. These models were thoroughly validated using various criteria, including fitting (R2DAT = 0.869, R2SERT = 0.828, and R2NET = 0.887), internal (Q2looDAT = 0.795, Q2looSERT = 0.784, and Q2looNET = 0.820), and external (RMSEextDAT = 0.373, R2extDAT = 0.831, RMSEextSERT = 0.200, R2extSERT = 0.955, RMSEextNET = 0.318, and R2extNET = 0.711) criteria.

Defining criteria for disease activity states in juvenile dermatomyositis based on the Juvenile Dermatomyositis Activity Index

ObjectivesTo develop and validate the cut-offs in the Juvenile DermatoMyositis Activity Index (JDMAI) to distinguish the states of inactive disease (ID), low disease activity (LDA), moderate disease activity (MDA) and...

Flexible Performance-Based Control for Nonlinear Systems Under Strong External Disturbances.

Addressing external disturbances has been a critical issue for control design to ensure reliable operation of systems. This article investigates the tracking control problem for the uncertain nonlinear systems with the strong external disturbance and the prescribed performance. The flexible performance-based control scheme is developed by introducing an external disturbance criterion into the prescribed performance. It is capable of guaranteeing the prescribed performance if the external disturbance is less than a specified threshold and degrading that in light of the user-appointed rule otherwise. Particularly, the disturbance interval observer is synthesized to generate the boundaries of the external disturbances and realize the judgment of that criterion. With the generated boundaries, the interval-type auxiliary system is designed to provide the modified performance functions (MPFs) that characterize performance requirement and degradation rule simultaneously. Based on the positive system theory and the Lyapunov method, it is theoretically shown that the system output can always track the reference signal and satisfy the constraints of MPFs. Finally, both the numerical simulation and the application of flight control design verify that the results are effective and valid.

Psychometric Evaluation of the School Climate and School Identification Measure-Student on Chilean Students: A Bifactor Model Approach.

School climate is a relevant construct for understanding social relations at school. The SCASIM-St has been widely defined as a multidimensional construct; however, new factor structures have not been explored through evidence that allows for interpreting school climate scores from an approach that respects the multidimensionality of the scale and, at the same time, allows for identifying the degree of essential unidimensionality in the data. Consequently, the objective was to analyze the psychometric properties of the SCASIM-St from a bifactor model approach, evaluating the influence of a general school climate factor versus five specific factors. The study involved 1860 students of both sexes (42% males and 58% females), with an average age of 16.63 years (SD = 0.664), from 17 secondary schools in Chile. The results obtained by a confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence that the best model was the bifactor model for the 38 items, with one general factor and five specific factors. The Explained Common Variance (ECV) values and reliability levels by hierarchical omega accounted for a strong general school climate factor with high levels of reliability. Evidence of external criterion validity, assessed through the attitude toward authority scale (AIA-A), showed a theoretically expected and significant relationship between the factors of both instruments. This study confirmed the psychometric robustness of the SCASIM-St scale by means of a bifactor model, allowing for a new, essentially unidimensional interpretation of the scale scores and providing an instrument to measure school climate in Chile.

Q-RASTR modelling for prediction of diverse toxic chemicals towards T. pyriformis

ABSTRACT A series of diverse organic compounds impose serious detrimental effects on the health of living organisms and the environment. Determination of the structural aspects of compounds that impart toxicity and evaluation of the same is crucial before public usage. The present study aims to determine the structural characteristics of compounds for Tetrahymena pyriformis toxicity using the q-RASTR (Quantitative Read Across Structure–Toxicity Relationship) model. It was developed using RASTR and 2-D descriptors for a dataset of 1792 compounds with defined endpoint (pIGC50) against a model organism, T. pyriformis. For the current study, the whole dataset was divided based on activity/property into the training and test sets, and the q-RASTR model was developed employing six descriptors (three latent variables) having r 2, Q 2 F1 and Q 2 values of 0.739, 0.767, and 0.735, respectively. The generated model was thoroughly validated using internationally recognized internal and external validation criteria to assess the model’s dependability and predictability. It was highlighted that high molecular weight, aromatic hydroxyls, nitrogen, double bonds, and hydrophobicity increase the toxicity of organic compounds. The current study demonstrates the applicability of the RASTR algorithm in QSTR model development for the prediction of toxic chemicals (pIGC50) towards T. pyriformis.

Разработка и апробация методики субъективной оценки уровня регламентации трудовых задач

Background. In the modern world, there are organizations in which a high level of task regulation is associated with the cost of erroneous actions and safety requirements. If the perceptions of work regulation, formed in a professional, do not coincide with the real requirements of the activity, it can lead to a decrease in the quality of work, as well as to the development of negative states. This necessitates the creation of a psychodiagnostic methodology to assess the subjective perception of the level of regulation in their professional activities by professionals. Objectives. The focus is on the development and approbation of the method for subjective assessment of the level of work tasks regulation. Study Participants. To reach the goal of the study, the sample included representatives of professions with different levels of work tasks regulation: military personnel serving under contract (n = 96), medical staff (n = 57), artists and musicians (n = 67). In total 220 people participated in the study. Methods. Based on the results of the analysis of existing studies in the field of regulation of professional activity, a technique for subjective assessment of the level of work tasks regulation was developed. The questionnaire included 18 items assessing the following scales: “Regulation” (9 items) and “Creativity” (9 items). Questionnaires with scales evaluating individual parameters of professional activity related to its regulation (the 16-scale semantic differential “My job” and the questionnaire for assessing subjectively important characteristics of the “Job Diagnostic Survey” activity) were selected as an external criterion for assessing the validity of the technique. The approbation allowed us to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the developed questionnaire. Results. The developed questionnaire for subjective assessment of the level of work tasks regulation is characterized by acceptable construct validity but insufficient reliability and consistency. Conclusions. The developed version of the questionnaire needs further improvement. However, it can already be considered as a situational questionnaire, the use of which is acceptable in combination with other methods.

Application of QSAR models for acute toxicity of tetrazole compounds administrated orally and intraperitoneally in rat and mouse

Tetrazoles and their derivatives possess various biological activities, such as antibacterial, anti-fungal, and other activities. However, these compounds may induce specific cumulative and toxic effects in living organisms. Therefore, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were constructed to study the acute oral toxicity of tetrazoles in rats and mice. The toxicity data of 111 tetrazole compounds were collected using the ChemIDplus, ChEMBL and ECHA databases as response variables, while the PaDEL-descriptor generated the 2D descriptors as independent variables. The models were developed and validated following the OECD guidelines by the DTC-QSAR tool. Three QSAR models were successfully established for the oral routes of rat and mouse and the intraperitoneal route of mouse, respectively. The scatter plots showed high consistency between the training and test data sets. All the models successfully met the external and internal validation criteria. Most of the descriptors kept in the final models exhibited positive correlations with toxicity, whereas only 6 descriptors exhibited negative associations. Several chemicals were identified as response or structural outliers, based on the standardized residuals and leverage values. In conclusion, the findings of this investigation demonstrate that the proposed QSAR models hold promise in forecasting the acute toxicity of recently developed or synthesized tetrazole compounds, thereby mitigating potential risks to human health and the environment.

The 10-Item Short Form of the German Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR-G-10)-Model Fit, Reliability, and Validity.

The aim of the present work was the development and validation of a short form of the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR) in German. Three studies were conducted. In study 1, the best items for the short form were selected from the item pool of the original version based on ant colony optimization (ACO), a recently developed probabilistic approach. Data from three samples collected at a university, an online portal, and a psychosomatic clinic with a total of 1470 participants were analyzed. A 10-item solution resulted, measuring avoidance and anxiety with five items each. This solution showed a good model fit and acceptable reliability in all three samples. The two new short scales were independent of each other. In study 2, the 10-item solution was validated by correlating the new short scales with external criteria. Data from previous studies that included student, community, and clinical samples were reanalyzed. Both short scales showed expected correlations with measures of romantic relationships, personality, psychopathology, and childhood trauma, indicating convergent and discriminant validity. The significant correlations were moderate to strong. In study 3, the selected ten items alone and several content-related scales were presented online to 277 participants, most of them students. The good results in terms of model fit, reliability, and validity observed in studies 1 and 2 could be replicated here. The new short form, called ECR-G-10, allows the measurement of attachment avoidance and anxiety in an economic way in research and clinical practice.

The Women Farmer Stress Inventory: Examining women farmer stress in the United States Corn Belt.

While women identifying as primary farmers have increased in the United States, there has not been research focused on the antecedents of stress and quality of life among women farmers in particular. This study set out to construct a Women Farmer Stress Inventory (WFSI), test its dimensionality, and assess its criterion-related validity by looking at its relationship with subjective wellbeing as measured by the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). We then examined sociodemographic and farm-level correlates to assess their relationship with stress. We utilized responses from a random sample of 592 Iowan women farmers who responded to a mailout survey that included the WFSI. We conducted exploratory factor analysis to identify the factorial structure of the WFSI, and used linear regression to evaluate how sociodemographic and farm-level characteristics were related to each factor. The analysis revealed 5 unique factors that reflected different aspects of women farmer stress: time pressures and workload, environmental concern, external stressors from governments and market, interpersonal relationships, and rural amenities. All factors except rural amenities had high levels of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.80) and were validated using the external criteria of SWLS measures. Young age, being married, and engagement in off-farm work, and smaller farm size were associated with greater levels of stress across most domains. The WFSI is a promising tool that shows high internal consistency and is validated with life satisfaction. Our study also finds certain sociodemographic and farm characteristics associated with different stress domains, which could inform both future research and community-based interventions.

Comparability of MMPI-3 scores from remote and in-person administrations and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on MMPI-3 scores.

The COVID-19 pandemic onset necessitated remote administration of psychological instruments, including the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3). Although previous evidence has demonstrated that MMPI scale scores are robust across administration modalities, the specific effects of remote administration on the psychometric properties of MMPI-3 scale scores must be investigated. Distinguishing psychometric differences due to administration modality from substantive changes in psychological symptoms due to the COVID-19 pandemic is also important. Thus, goals of the present study include evaluating the psychometric comparability of MMPI-3 scores derived from in-person and remote administration modalities and examining substantive scale scores changes associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a large sample of college students (n = 2,503), rates of protocol invalidity, mean scale scores, reliability, and criterion validity were compared across participants completing the MMPI-3 in-person (both prior to and after the onset of COVID-19) and via remote administration. Results demonstrate comparably low rates of protocol invalidity, negligible differences in reliability, and similar patterns of criterion validity for MMPI-3 scale scores across administration modalities. Results also indicate that mean MMPI-3 scale scores pre- and post-COVID-19 onset substantially differ on select scales, but that scores on remote and in-person protocols administered post-COVID-19 have negligible differences. Remote MMPI-3 scale scores also demonstrated expected patterns of correlations with external criteria, supporting the validity of remote scores. Overall, the present study demonstrates that MMPI-3 protocols administered remotely and in-person are extremely psychometrically similar, although scores have generally increased post-COVID-19 onset for reasons independent of administration modality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychometric properties of the affect integration inventory - short form in a sample of patients with personality disorder.

Affect integration comprises the capacity to access and utilize the motivational and signal properties of affects. This capacity is essential for personal adjustment, mental health, and well-being. Affect integration is commonly operationalized through the Affect Integration Inventory. This study examines the psychometric properties of a short-form (AII-SF-42) of the instrument in a sample of patients with personality disorders (n = 87). Analyses of internal-consistency reliability, along with standardized mean differences-, and associations between short- and long-forms are reported. Internal structure was assessed by confirmatory factor analyses and external criterion validity was addressed by tests of associations between the AII-SF-42-scale scores and measures of alexithymia, symptom distress, interpersonal problems and level of personality dysfunction. The study demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity for scores derived from the AII-SF-42, including acceptable internal consistency and strong correspondence with long-form scores, a consistent factor structure organized according to discrete affects, and systematic patterns of convergent and discriminant associations with external measures. Taken together, the results of the study demonstrate that in clinical settings, including patients with personality disorders the AII-SF-42 is a valid and useful alternative to the full-length version of the instrument.