External Cooperation Research Articles

Assessment of External Economic Cooperation in the Aspect of Transport Development of the Greater Tumen Initiative

Research background: The aim of the scientific contribution is to analyze the aspect of Transport Development of the Greater Tumen Initiative. Economic cooperation among the countries of the Greater Tumen Initiative (GTI) is the basis for interaction in various fields, especially transport. Purpose of the article: However, taking into account the prevailing trends in Europe-Asia transportation, it is not entirely correct to make the implementation of GTI transport projects dependent on prospective transit freight flows. At first, it is necessary to concentrate on the transport support of foreign trade flows directly between the GTI member countries. Methods: We propose to assess the stability of foreign trade flows as a cargo base (current and potential) of transport projects within the GTI by absolute time series, which reflects the trend (or its absence, i.e. each next level is higher or lower than the previous one) and its stability, as well as by relative time series, i.e. growth rates, which reflects the stability of the change rate (the growth rate of each subsequent period is higher or lower than the previous one). Findings & Value added: Based on the results of the assessment of foreign trade flows between the member countries, that forms the current and potential cargo base of transport projects, it was concluded not only about a high degree of stability and potential of foreign economic cooperation, but also about the need of extra measures for its further intensifying, including foreign trade transport services improvement.

Co-creation in networks of SMEs: a conceptual model of the co-creation process

The ability to adopt new digital technology is a very challenging endeavour, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), who because of resource poverty are dependent on external input and cooperation with other companies. Recent research has indicated that co-creation among SMEs is a promising way to overcome such limitations. However, there has been very limited research on the co-creation process, and we have little understanding about how SMEs would go about to establish and run a co-creation network. We propose a conceptual model based on our review of the literature and our empirical findings from investigating co-creation in four networks. The results expand our understanding of the process of establishing co-creation networks and contributes to research on co-creation and practice in SMEs.

Open Eco-Innovation Research Landscape: A Systematic Review and Future Outlook

The paper carries out a systematic review of the literature on the emerging themes in open eco-innovation (OE), and most specifically on the role of internal and external knowledge sourcing for firms. Open innovation runs contrary to the individualistic mentality of traditional corporate R&D implementation while embracing external cooperation in a complex world. Our main motivation for the study is to assess and characterise literature that represents radical transformation toward accelerating co‐development of sustainable innovations. Our review points to the role of the open eco-innovation research landscape as an emerging research domain of potential contributions to sustainable industrial development. Specifically, in this systematic analysis, we apply exploratory, bibliometric, and network visualization techniques to characterize the available knowledge in the field. We trace the growth trajectory of this emerging literature and map the knowledge base of the OE research field. Based on the data from our study we developed four phases of knowledge domain development and recognised that OE is at the acceleration phase. We emphasized that analytic knowledge base is one of the basic ingredients of an open eco-innovation model in addition to synthetic and symbolic knowledge bases. Our article also brought to the fore the emerging important role of intermediaries in brokering eco-innovation at the firm and sectoral levels with a lot of implications for policymaking. Finally, we highlighted what might seem to be budding theoretical perspectives underlining open eco-innovation in the industrial sector.

ДІМ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ НАУКИ В МЮНХЕНІ: СТОРІНКИ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ІСТОРІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ПОВОЄННОЇ ЕМІГРАЦІЇ

The article investigates the history of creation of the House of Ukrainian Sciences as an umbrella association of three Ukrainian scientific institutions: Ukrainian Free University (UFU), Ukrainian technical-husbandry Institute (UTHI) and European section of the Shevchenko Scientific society (NTSh) beginning from the idea of its creation in the early 1960es till 1991 and including short overview of its activity. This structure had an executive body – Working and Promoting Association of Ukrainian Sciences as a form of Ukrainian-German collaboration in organization of three over mentioned Ukrainian research institutions‘ activity. Thanks to it the Ukrainian Institutions could proceed their work: in the case of the Ukrainian Free University in both teaching and research aspects and by UTHI and NTSh in their scientific work. Such formal association allowed to provide organizational support and research planning of the Ukrainian scientific institutions, assure their financial assignment, which to the big part was given by German authorities, and organize controlling of the use of money. From the other side, the House of the Ukrainian Sciences founded 1963 allowed more affective internal and external cooperation of the Ukrainian scientific institutions by prevention of the autonomy status of each them. That in its turn allowed proceeding of activity of these Ukrainian scientific institutions in Germany as well as the further development of the of Ukrainian emigration‘s intellectual tradition in the whole. House of Ukrainian sciences became an important cultural and intellectual center of Ukrainians abroad and a mediator between them and German, further – European culture.

Межзаводское кооперирование при производстве танка Т-34 на заводе «Красное Сормово» в 1941 году: планы и реальность

The cooperation of “Krasnoe Sormovo” plant with other plants of Gorky region during production of T-34 tank has been considered in the article. In summer of 1941, after beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet leadership began to create a tank industry at the eastern industrial bases of the USSR. The State Defense Committee ordered the creation of a tank production in Gorky region. Machine-building Plant No. 112 (Krasnoe Sormovo) began the assembling of medium tanks. Metallurgical enterprises of Gorky region produced armor for the tanks, Gorky Automobile Plant manufactured engines and other machine-building plants of the region produced various units. The process of organizing tank production at plant No. 112 during the Great Patriotic War is broadly covered in historiography, but the problems of external cooperation of tank construction have been studied poorly. The factories participated in the cooperation during production of T-34 tank have been revealed on the basis of the archival documents of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod region and the State SocioPolitical Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod region. In the process of studying archival materials, we found that by the end of 1941 the production center for manufacturing T-34 medium tanks was established on the territory of Gorky region. This center consisted of factories of the People's Commissariat of the Tank Industry of the USSR and other factories. In Gorky region cooperative relations were established for the supply of components of the tank. However, the task set in July 1941 to create a completely independent tank production center in the Gorky region turned out to be unrealizable. The search for manufacturers of some of the most important units for the T-34 was completed for a long time. The regional industry was unable to fully provide the tank production of plant No. 112 with armor and engines. All the war years the Sormovsky plant directly depended on the supply of these products from other regions of the USSR.

Promising directions of scientific research on the issues of operational-search combatting mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine

The article deals with issues of scientific elaboration of the problems of counteracting mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine and the main directions of their scientific research. The article analyzes the main provisions of modern scientific developments in the field of criminal law, criminology, criminalistics, the theory of operational-search activity. The author, based on the analysis of existing points of view, the results of personal research, expresses his attitude to the aforementioned issue and proposes qualitatively new approaches to defining promising areas of scientific research on the issues of operational-search counteraction to mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine. It is determined that the purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of scientific development of problems of operational and investigative counteraction to mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine and outline promising areas of research on operational and investigative counteraction to mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine in modern conditions. In the article the author analyzes in detail the scientific works of domestic scientists of different times on various aspects of combating mercenary and violent crime. In particular, issues of criminal law, criminology, forensic, criminal procedure and operational and investigative nature are studied. It is noted that in the territory of independent Ukraine a large number of scientists have studied the problematic issues of operational and investigative counteraction to mercenary and violent crimes both at the level of dissertations and at the level of scientific articles and textbooks. The author argues that the study of dissertations and monographs in recent years indicates a lack of general theoretical and organizational and tactical issues of operational and investigative counteraction to mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine. Today remain: undefined and undeveloped: issues of normative-legal regulation of operative-search counteraction to mercenary-violent crimes; determining the features of operational and investigative characteristics of mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine; content and direc-tions of improvement of information-analytical support of operative-search counteraction to mercenary-violent crimes; directions of internal and external cooperation of the National Police units in combating mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine; tactical features of operational and investigative measures to combat mercenary and violent crimes in Ukraine, etc.

Las entidades públicas en Colombia y los procesos de cooperación internacional: un análisis comparado de las experiencias del servicio nacional de aprendizaje (SENA)

El presente artículo analiza los principales procesos internos y externos en pro de esta actividad de cooperación, que se desarrollan en las entidades estatales en Colombia. Para ello se toma el caso del centro de formación para el trabajo SENA a partir del análisis comparado de sus experiencias en Cooperación Internacional con sus pares SENAI en Brasil a nivel Sur-Sur y MOSHAW en Israel, a nivel Norte-Sur. Los hallazgos evidencian resultados positivos en la transferencia de conocimientos y experiencias en doble vía, receptor y donante, lo que puede ser replicable en una mayor dimensión en el SENA e incluso en otros tipos de entidades pública demostrando la fortaleza de la institución como oferente y receptor de cooperación en Colombia.
 Palabras Claves: Cooperación Internacional; Cooperación Norte-Sur; Cooperación Sur-Sur; SENA; organización gubernamental.

Campaigning internally or externally

This paper uses a forward-looking two-period coalitional game to analyze party prominent figures’ internal competition for personal power in the party and external cooperation on national elections for the party. Incorporating the electorate’s preference for new alternatives over the establishment, it characterizes the equilibrium of prominent figures’ (1) maneuver for personal power in the party; (2) grouping to form factions in the party or split-off new parties; (3) campaign effort in the national election for the party; and (4) the resulting outcomes of the national election. It shows that the electorate’s longing for new alternatives induces prominent figures to maneuver more in the party; form a new party instead of a faction; and campaign harder for the national election. This study synthesizes the analysis of internal party politics and inter-party competition.

A systematic approach for assessing climate vulnerabilities and adaptation options in large property portfolios: influences on property owners’ transformative capacity

Climate change and urban densification pose major challenges to the built environment. In Swedish cities, fluvial and pluvial floods risk being aggravated, necessitating adaptation efforts to make the build environment more resilient. A recent governmental inquiry states that owners are primarily responsible for adapting their property, and that the existing built environment is particularly tricky. Property owners often lack tools and approaches to strategically adapt to climate risks. This paper presents and tests a structured approach intended for large property owners to assess and visualize flood vulnerability in both individual buildings and the property portfolio, and organizational adaptive responses. The approach was developed and tested using the municipal housing company Hyresbostäder in Norrköping, Sweden as case. The study builds on workshops with staff, a systematic flood vulnerability mapping of 575 buildings, and in-situ inspections of the 85 most vulnerable buildings. The vulnerability and need for adaptation of individual buildings were visualized on a map, and adaptive avenues were identified. The approach was found useful for identifying the most vulnerable buildings, concrete adaptation measures and five broad adaptation avenues: risk-focused adaptation investments, area-focused adaptation, regular inspection and maintenance, informed collaboration and tenant dialogues. The property owner’s transformative capacity was improved by creating a shared vision, empowerment and learning, innovation capacity, gaining overview supporting transformative leadership and external cooperation likely to contribute to meeting SDGs 13 and 11. In further studies the approach will be tested by other large property owners under limited research support.

Public Relations Management in Building the Image of Schools in Senior High School

This study aims to explain the planning, implementation and evaluation of community relations to improve the image of schools. This case study research was conducted at a high school in one of the provinces in Indonesia with a qualitative method. This study findings reveal schools’ patterns of understanding of planning, organizing, implementing and evaluating to improve their collaborative relations with the surrounding community to improve schools’ quality through good internal and external cooperation. This study documents several key contributions made to establish a two-way, comprehensive communication in ensuring mutual cooperation on maintaining outstanding school quality assurance.

Verification of Energetic-Particle-Induced Geodesic Acoustic Mode in Gyrokinetic Particle SimulationsSupported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program (Grant Nos. 2018YFE0304100, 2018YFE0311300 and 2017YFE0301300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11675256, 11675257, 11835016, 11875067 and 11705275), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB16010300), the Key Research Program of Frontier Science of

The energetic-particle-induced geodesic acoustic mode (EGAM) is studied using gyrokinetic particle simulations in tokamak plasmas. In our simulations, exponentially growing EGAMs are excited by energetic particles with a slowing-down distribution. The frequencies of EGAMs are always below the frequencies of GAMs, which is due to the non-perturbative contribution of energetic particles (EPs). The mode structures of EGAMs are similar to the corresponding mode structures of GAMs. Our gyrokinetic simulations show that a high EP density can enhance the EGAM growth rate, due to high EP free energy, and that EPs' temperature and the pitch angle of the distribution modify the EGAM frequency/growth rate by means of the resonance condition. Kinetic effects of the thermal electrons barely change the EGAM frequency, and have a weak damping effect on the EGAM. Benchmarks between the gyrokinetic particle simulations and a local EGAM dispersion relation exhibit good agreement in terms of EGAM frequency and growth rate.

Temperature Gradient, Toroidal and Ion FLR Effects on Drift-Tearing Modes**Supported by the National MCF Energy R&D Program (Grant Nos. 2018YFE0304100, 2018YFE0311300, and 2017YFE0301300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11675256, 11675257, 11835016, and 11705275), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB16010300), the Key Research Program of Frontier Science of Chinese Academy

The influences of the temperature gradient and toroidal effects on drift-tearing modes have been studied using the Gyrokinetic Toroidal code. After the thermal force term is introduced into the parallel electron force balance equation, the equilibrium temperature gradient can cause a significant increase in the growth rate of the drift-tearing mode and a broadening of the mode structure. The simulation results show that the toroidal effects increase the growth rate of the drift-tearing mode, and the contours of the perturbation field “squeeze” toward the stronger field side in the poloidal section. Finally, the hybrid model for fluid electrons and kinetic ions has been studied briefly, and the dispersion relation of the drift-tearing mode under the influence of ion finite Larmor radius effects is obtained. Compared with the dispersion relation under the fluid model, a stabilizing effect of the ion finite Larmor radius is observed.

INVESTIGACIÓN, DESARROLLO Y GENERACIÓN DE PATENTES: ESTUDIO DE CASO PARA ECUADOR

La relación existente entre investigación, desarrollo (I+D) y patentes, ha tomado mayor relevancia en las últimas tres décadas. Sin embargo, las investigaciones a nivel nacional han sido escasas. A través del estudio de la economía del conocimiento y con un ejercicio empírico, se busca medir el efecto de las inversiones en I+D de las industrias ecuatorianas sobre la generación de patentes, con el uso de un modelo logístico con datos de corte transversal para los periodos 2009 y 2014, tomados de la Encuesta Nacional de Actividades de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación del Ecuador (ACTI), publicada por la SENESCYT. Se encuentra evidencia de que en Ecuador las empresas manufactureras que realizan investigación y desarrollo tienen mayor probabilidad de patentar. De igual manera, los resultados sugieren que las empresas con mayor tiempo (antigüedad) en el mercado, conjuntamente con cooperación externa en I+D y el tamaño, influyen en una mayor probabilidad de patentar.

Evaluation of quality improvement intervention with nurse training in nursing homes: A systematic review.

Quality improvement may be a promising approach to improve the quality of care in nursing homes, and nurse training is a key step in a successful quality improvement practice. The implementation of training measures may be related to the quality of quality improvement practice. Little is known about the quality of quality improvement practice or effective nurse training measures that affect the quality of quality improvement interventions in nursing homes. The aim of this review was to assess the quality of available quality improvement intervention designs and present effective nurse training measures that contribute to a high-quality quality improvement intervention. We searched the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library for articles published before March 2019. quality improvement intervention quality was evaluated using a standardised assessment tool. Descriptive synthesis was used for the analysis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Checklist was used for transparency. We included 12 articles, 1 was rated as perfect quality and 7 good quality. Out of these 8 studies, 3 features primarily reflected differences in quality: compliance, sustainability and replication ability of the interventions. They were affected by measures included provision of advanced training, available training resources, feedback process, building quality improvement teams, setting up mentors and nursing leadership training. Other recommended measures included external cooperation and leadership empowerment. A high-quality quality improvement intervention should consider how to improve compliance, sustainability and replication ability. Adapting measures that are compatible with nurse training may ensure a successful implementation of quality improvement programmes that are conducive to the effective improvement of service quality. Quality improvement programmes should take into account measures that are compatible with nursing staff training. These measures should help improve the quality of interventions and promote care service of nursing homes.

Forest Cover Change, Households’ Livelihoods, Trade-Offs, and Constraints Associated with Plantation Forests in Poor Upland-Rural Landscapes: Evidence from North Central Vietnam

Vietnam’s forests have experienced a notable transformation over the past 20 years from net deforestation to reforestation and expanding forests. Continued reforestation that aims to achieve further economic and environmental benefits remains a national priority and strategy. We explore the current status of plantation forests and highlight possible means to facilitate their expansion in the uplands of Vietnam. We employ mixed method triangulation to empirically explore plantation forests and their economic role in household livelihood, to quantify trade-offs between plantation forests and shifting cultivation, and to assess the constraints on plantation forest expansion in Nghe An province, north-central Vietnam. Results show that forest in the study area expanded by 406,000 ha (71.1%) between 1990 and 2016. Plantation forests increased by nearly 500% (from 32,000 ha to 190,000 ha), while natural forests expanded by 48.1% (from 538,000 ha to 797,000 ha). Plantation forests contributed an average of 35.1 percent of total household income in wealthier households and 27.9 percent of income in poor households. Switching from shifting cultivation to plantation forests would increase total household income and average carbon stock but decrease food provision. Total Economic Value would be higher for plantation forest scenarios if increased carbon stocks in plantations can be monetized. This carbon income might drive conversion of shifting cultivation to plantation forests. Constraints on further expansion of plantation forest are low external cooperation, education, market stability, and agroforestry extension services. Our empirical results inform national plantation forest development, sustainable upland livelihood development, and climate change mitigation programs to ultimately facilitate forest transition and improve the resilience and sustainability of socio-ecological systems.

Technological capability, eco-innovation performance, and cooperative R&D strategy in new energy vehicle industry: Evidence from listed companies in China

To promote low-carbon economy and sustainable energy consumption, new energy vehicles (NEVs), a typical eco-innovation, are drawing intensive attention from manufacturers, administrators and academics. Despite extensive literature investigates factors that affect research and development (R&D) of NEVs, yet little is known about the role of technological capability as well as the interaction between internal technological capability and external resources (e.g., ownership, government subsidy and external cooperation). This might lead to the overlook of technological capabilities and the misallocation of external resources. In present study, we investigate how firm-level technological capability (measured by R&D expenditure) affects its eco-innovation performance (measured by eco-innovation patents), as well as the moderating impacts of ownership and governmental support (i.e., subsidy). Further, we explore the correlation between firm’s technological capability and its R&D strategy (i.e., internal R&D or cooperative R&D). Our investigation is based on a unique set of panel data from 127 listed companies in the Chinese automotive industry, spanning from 2009 to 2018. The empirical findings demonstrate that firm-level technological capability is positively related to eco-innovation performance, and state ownership intensifies this positive relationship. Surprisingly, increasing government subsidy tends to weaken this correlation. The results also show that firms with higher technological capabilities prefer cooperative R&D, while those with lower technological capabilities tend to choose internal R&D. These findings promote the understanding on the cost-effectiveness of R&D investment in the NEV industry, and also shed light on the interactions of internal and external resources. The study offers managerial implications to promote the prosperity of the NEV industry.

THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

The intensification of innovations required system approach, including at the macro level, which resulted in creation of national innovation systems (NIS). Such systems are designed to support and ensure innovation processes, including creation of favorable conditions for interaction of their different actors (various kinds of business; universities; scientific institutions; state). Each of the actors performs its own role in NIS, which contributes to the total innovation productivity. Methodology. Universities playing a specific role in NIS are an integral subject of innovative activity. Despite considerable attention to this problematics, this role is disclosed in a fragmented manner. Therefore, the research is focused on clarification of theoretical and methodological background to study of the role of universities in NIS, justification of the evolution of universities and definition of their functions in the NIS structure, specification of the key aspects of the disclosure of this role implementation. Results. This paper highlights the increasing importance of education in innovation processes and changed requirements to it, which causes respective changes in curricula, organizational models and approaches to external cooperation with science and business. In this context, the paper discloses the key aspects of interaction between universities and entrepreneurial sector, as well as evolution of universities by a number of features (dominant functions of science; universities as knowledge providers; universities as providers of high-skilled employees; universities as mobilizers of entrepreneurs). The major contradictions of the concept of entrepreneurial university are highlighted. Practical implications. The paper describes the key functions of universities in NIS, including education, R&D, development and promotion of innovations. It is suggested considering the role of universities in NIS within the framework of six key aspects: integrators of ecosystem for innovations; providers of innovations for economy; platform for cooperation; concentrators of resources needed for innovations; mechanism for knowledge transfer and source of skills; pillars of the advanced science and providers of new knowledge. In this context, the emphasis is laid on the need to develop resource and infrastructural potential of universities as well as innovation capabilities. Value/ originality. When summarzing the functions of universities, it is suggested taking into consideration the impact of university activities on the local economic development (regional, urban economy), and considering their role in interaction with international environment. A number of practical recommendations to improve the efficiency of educational and innovative activities in NIS are identified. This will be a basis for future researches.

Capacity and conditions for choice: managing Canada’s international economic policy relations in an unstable world

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the challenges facing Canada’s efforts to manage its economic relationships within and beyond North America while retaining some degree of discretion – the “capacity for choice.” It assesses the evolution of Canada’s international trade and investment policy relations since the 1980s, particularly in the context of major trade negotiations conducted since 2009 and ongoing economic relations with China. It suggests that while geography, economics, and culture will enforce the primacy of North American relationships, Canada’s capacity to take advantage of available opportunities will depend on domestic policy discipline, the deliberate expansion of policy capacity for managing key relationships outside North America without neglecting engagement with the United States, and incentive structures for internal and external cooperation in particular policy fields.

MANAJEMEN JEJARING KERJASAMA PONDOK PESANTREN

This paper aims to uncover the management study of the pesantren cooperation network which discusses: (1) the pattern of internal cooperation between pesantren, and (2) the pattern of external cooperation of pesantren in pondok pesantren Al-Istiqomah. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study based on intrinsic design. Data collection was carried out using interviews, documentation, and participatory observation. The data that has been collected is tested for its truth, compatibility, and compatibility through the triangulation method and other sources. Then the data is compiled, analyzed, and integrated in each case study case, and compared with other data. Then conclusions can be drawn from the findings of this study that the Collaborative Management implemented at pondok pesantren Al-Istiqomah always cooperates with the government, donors and the community because it prioritizes in the field of education with the aim of assisting the development of school building infrastructure, maintenance and care of pondok pesantren. This was done so that the pondok pesantren Al-Istiqomah could develop and could support the learning facilities of the students.

Digital Evidence Gathering in Cartel Investigations

Companies increasingly recur to digital communications and storage of documents. The change brought by digitalisation to the way in which companies operate creates opportunities but also a number of challenges for competition enforcement. Competition authorities may adopt a number of digital tools and resources to strengthen their fight against cartels, which may allow them to search through high volumes of data in a swift manner and with a high degree of accuracy. However, the implementation of these tools may not always be straightforward. A few legal and practical challenges may arise in relation to the protection of the authenticity of the seized evidence and of the rights of defence of the company and its employees. In addition, internal coordination of resources and external co-operation may need to be implemented to ensure the full exploitation of the opportunities offered by these tools. This Issues Note will discuss some advantages and disadvantages of the most common digital tools for evidence gathering, and it will explore some of the legal and practical issues arising from their use, drawing from cases where competition authorities across the world dealt with the delicate phase of evidence gathering in cartel enforcement.