External Contributors Research Articles

OncoSexome: the landscape of sex-based differences in oncologic diseases

Abstract The NIH policy on sex as biological variable (SABV) emphasized the importance of sex-based differences in precision oncology. Over 50% of clinically actionable oncology genes are sex-biased, indicating differences in drug efficacy. Research has identified sex differences in non-reproductive cancers, highlighting the need for comprehensive sex-based cancer data. We therefore developed OncoSexome, a multidimensional knowledge base describing sex-based differences in cancer (https://idrblab.org/OncoSexome/) across four key topics: antineoplastic drugs and responses (SDR), oncology-related biomarkers (SBM), risk factors (SRF) and microbial landscape (SML). SDR covers sex-based differences in 2051 anticancer drugs; SBM describes 12 551 sex-differential biomarkers; SRF illustrates 350 sex-dependent risk factors; SML demonstrates 1386 microbes with sex-differential abundances associated with cancer development. OncoSexome is unique in illuminating multifaceted influences of biological sex on cancer, providing both external and endogenous contributors to cancer development and describing sex-based differences for the broadest oncological classes. Given the increasing global research interest in sex-based differences, OncoSexome is expected to impact future precision oncology practices significantly.

Coordination in Dynamic Teams: Investigating a Learning–Productivity Trade-Off

The rapid growth in the use of teams and multiple team membership has led more organizations to structure work around dynamic teams, characterized by short lifespans and fluid membership boundaries. This approach to organizing work makes it difficult for teams to work efficiently or to support the learning and growth of members. Given the importance of productivity and learning, we ask how these processes can be supported in dynamic teams. We do so in a randomized controlled field experiment conducted with 91 teams in a teaching hospital, a context in which physician trainees must learn while providing patient care in dynamic teams of care providers. We randomly assigned physician teams, or “core” teams, to launch their work with an intervention focused either on internal coordination among the core team members or on external coordination with a changing cast of external contributors such as nurses and specialists. We measured resulting levels of internal and external coordination over teams’ week-long lifespans and observed that external coordination was associated with improved team efficiency, whereas internal coordination was associated with improved individual learning. Post hoc exploratory analysis suggested that individual learning was highest when teams achieved high levels of both internal and external coordination, and it was positively correlated with improvement in the team’s patients’ average length of hospital stay. We discuss the implications of the demonstrated causal effects of team launches, along with our exploratory findings, for the management of dynamic teams and the opportunities to mitigate potential trade-offs between learning and productivity. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16729 .

Pointing Fingers: Who US Adults Blame for the Opioid Overdose Epidemic.

Over 3 million Americans have an opioid use disorder (OUD), and only a fraction receive treatment. Public opinion is crucial in enacting evidence-based policies. Few studies have examined the public's perception of blame for the ongoing opioid overdose epidemic directed at distinct groups. We assessed US adults' perceived blameworthiness for the epidemic and examined factors that may influence the perceived blameworthiness. We conducted a national survey in 2022 using the AmeriSpeak® panel to assess US adults' perception of blame toward individuals with an OUD and external contributors. Of the 3335 eligible panel members invited to participate, 1233 (37%) completed the survey. We developed a measure of knowledge and understanding of OUD, with a higher value indicating a greater understanding of the nature of OUD and recovery-including knowledge and beliefs on evidence-based treatment and relapse. We analyzed the relationships between sources of blame, knowledge, and understanding of OUD, and individual-level correlates. Higher score of knowledge and understanding of OUD was associated with lower odds of blaming individuals with OUD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.51, 1.05]) and greater odds of blaming external contributors: healthcare providers (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = [1.05, 2.12]), pharmaceutical companies (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = [1.50, 3.15]), and health insurance companies (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = [0.97, 2.09]). Those who are female, non-Hispanic White, Democrat, have higher education, or have friends or family who misused opioids tended to score higher in knowledge and understanding of OUD. Perceived blameworthiness for the opioid overdose epidemic is related to knowledge and understanding of OUD. Public health campaigns with a bipartisan agenda to increase evidence-informed knowledge about OUD targeting people of color and with lower education may help reduce the blame toward people with an OUD, which in turn may increase support for evidence-informed policies.

A model of contributors to a trusting patient-physician relationship: a critical review using a systematic search strategy

BackgroundThe lack of trust between patients and physicians has a variety of negative consequences. There are several theories concerning how interpersonal trust is built, and different studies have investigated trust between patients and physicians that have identified single factors as contributors to trust. However, all possible contributors to a trusting patient-physician relationship remain unclear. This review synthesizes current knowledge regarding patient-physician trust and integrates contributors to trust into a model.MethodsA systematic search was conducted using the databases MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), and Eric (Ovid). We ran simultaneous searches for a combination of the phrases: patient-physician relationship (or synonyms) and trust or psychological safety. Six-hundred and twenty-five abstracts were identified and screened using pre-defined criteria and later underwent full-text article screening. We identified contributors to trust in the eligible articles and critically assessed whether they were modifiable.ResultsForty-five articles were included in the review. Patient-centered factors that contributed modifiable promoters of trust included psychological factors, levels of health education and literacy, and the social environment. Physician-centered factors that added to a trusting patient-physician relationship included competence, communication, interest in the patient, caring, the provisioning of health education, and professionalism. The patient-physician alliance, time spent together, and shared decision-making also contributed to trusting relationships between patients and physicians. External contributors included institutional factors, how payments are made, and additional healthcare services.DiscussionOur model summarized modifiable contributors to a trusting patient-physician relationship. We found that providing sufficient time during patient-physician encounters, ensuring continuity of care, and fostering health education are promising starting points for improving trust between patients and physicians. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that address multiple modifiable contributors to a trusting patient-physician relationship.

Médiations culturelles : modalités de mise en œuvre dans une institution de pédopsychiatrie

ContextArt-mediated activities and cultural care have become a component of most hospital institutions for children and adolescents. Yet their funding is not specified. Based on the experience of a university hospital department, we would like to consider measures that might encourage their continuation. MethodsWe conducted an observational study and interviews (n=15) to list all the activities carried out by an external contributor in 2023, their themes, the target audience, their objectives, the nature of the contributors, the existence of a formalized agreement, funding, as well as their frequency and duration. ResultsThirty-five different partners carried out 685 actions in 2023, 10% of which were carried out outside the hospital. The themes addressed are extremely varied (sports, performing arts, literature, visual arts, etc.). These activities represent an average of 210 interventions per unit, or 4 per week. However, they are less numerous in the intensive care unit and units for autistic patients with challenging behaviors, and virtually absent from outpatient units. Finally, specific funding or agreements are often absent. DiscussionDespite their frequency and the substantial investment made by the team and its partners, there are a number of weaknesses. We are developing the idea that the creation of a cultural policy co-constructed between a cultural and sponsorship department and the clinical components (in our case, child psychiatry) would make it possible to resolve some of these weaknesses and promote a better inclusion in patient care.

Optimizing the quality of Thai education: A comprehensive examination of the whole school approach

This study looks into how a comprehensive school strategy improves education quality in Thailand. It focuses on 11 leading projects and 408 schools that have adopted this comprehensive approach. The findings indicate significant enhancements in educational quality, including better goal-setting, increased cooperation through professional learning communities (PLCs), improved teaching methods, efficient information handling, the creation of learning networks, and enhanced student safety. Based on these results, the research makes several suggestions for those involved in education. It recommends promoting a team-oriented environment that utilizes the skills of teachers, school leaders, parents, and external contributors. Emphasizing the role of PLCs in continuous teacher training to update teaching methods is also stressed. Additionally, the importance of providing tailored support to meet students' academic and personal needs is highlighted. Overall, this study demonstrates the positive impact of a whole-school strategy on education quality, suggesting that a cooperative approach, focusing on professional growth and comprehensive support for students, leads to a better and more effective learning experience for everyone involved.

Making the InChI FAIR and sustainable while moving to inorganics.

The InChI (International Chemical Identifier) standard stands as a cornerstone in chemical informatics, facilitating the structure-based identification and exchange chemical information about compounds across various platforms and databases. The InChI as a unique canonical line notation has made chemical structures searchable on the internet at a broad scale. The largest repositories working with InChIs contain more than 1 billion structures. Central to the functionality of the InChI is its codebase, which orchestrates a series of intricate steps to generate unique identifiers for chemical compounds. Up to now, these steps have been sparsely documented and the InChI algorithm had to be seen as a black box. For the new v1.07 release, the code has been analyzed and the major steps documented, more than 3000 bugs and security issues, as well as nearly 60 Google OSS-Fuzz issues have been fixed. New test systems have been implemented that allow users to directly test the code developments. The move to GitHub has not only made the development more transparent but will also enable external contributors to join the further development of the InChI code. Motivation for this modernisation was the urgency to treat molecular inorganic compounds by the InChI in a meaningful way. Until now, no classic string representation fulfills this need of molecular inorganic chemistry. Currently bonds to metal centers are by definition disconnected which makes most inorganic InChIs meaningless at the moment. Herein, we propose new routines to remedy this problem in the representation of molecular inorganic compounds by the InChI.

European Glaucoma Society – A guide on surgical innovation for glaucoma

PROLOGUE: Glaucoma surgery has been, for many decades now, dominated by the universal gold standard which is trabeculectomy augmented with antimetabolites. Tubes also came into the scene to complement what...

School counseling internship and the role of grit: Perceptions Among newly graduated school counselor trainees who successfully navigated internship during the COVID-19 pandemic

School counseling interns rose to the task of teaching full-time while earning hours for their internship course during COVID-19. For this qualitative study, the researchers conducted a focus group with eight graduates who successfully completed their internship in Fall 2021 or Spring 2022 amid the pandemic. The purpose of this exploratory, inductive, qualitative research study was to examine the role of grit in successful completion of Internship requirements among school counselor trainees who were enrolled in Internship during some of the worst months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Criterion and convenience sampling were utilized for participant recruitment. After the interviews were transcribed, the authors utilized thematic content analysis and identified six overarching themes. Following themes were identified: a) personal characteristics of grit, b) observations about gritty individuals, c) internal internship challenges, d) external internship challenges, e) internal contributors to internship success, f) external contributors to internship success. The authors present results on the participants’ perceptions of their experiences during internship to offer an enhanced description of the phenomenon of grit. Implications were provided for students, educators, and programs to foster grit as a contributing factor for student success and overall well-being

Asterics: a simple tool for the ExploRation and Integration of omiCS data

BackgroundThe rapid development of omics acquisition techniques has induced the production of a large volume of heterogeneous and multi-level omics datasets, which require specific and sometimes complex analyses to obtain relevant biological information. Here, we present ASTERICS (version 2.5), a publicly available web interface for the analyses of omics datasets.ResultsASTERICS is designed to make both standard and complex exploratory and integration analysis workflows easily available to biologists and to provide high quality interactive plots. Special care has been taken to provide a comprehensive documentation of the implemented analyses and to guide users toward sound analysis choices regarding some specific omics data. Data and analyses are organized in a comprehensive graphical workflow within ASTERICS workspace to facilitate the understanding of successive data editions and analyses leading to a given result.ConclusionASTERICS provides an easy to use platform for omics data exploration and integration. The modular organization of its open source code makes it easy to incorporate new workflows and analyses by external contributors. ASTERICS is available at https://asterics.miat.inrae.fr and can also be deployed using provided docker images.

Implementation of Patient Safety Program in the Emergency Installation of H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan

Patient Safety Program stipulated in the Minister of Health Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 11 of 2017 namely Patient Safety Standards; Patient safety goals, and 7 steps towards patient safety. 8 Contributor Factors in Patient Safety are external factors, organization and management, physical environment, teamwork, officers, tasks, patients, and communication. This study uses qualitative research with a phenomenological approach by conducting in-depth interviews of several health workers at the Adam Malik Hospital Medan. Implementation of patient identification using 2 identities and is used for confirmation before the procedure, the implementation of effective communication is done by doing readback before carrying out the procedure, aware of high alert drugs by prescribing drugs into pharmacy, then drugs are formulated by pharmacy and before being given to patients with double checks, ensuring the accuracy of location, procedure and patients by site marking on body parts and signed in the medical recording, preventing the infection of medical Reducing the risk of patients falling by giving yellow bracelets and assistance to patients. In external contributors, the regulations used by Adam Malik Hospital are adapted from the Law of the Republic of Indonesia and the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, organizations and management support the staff in carrying out patient safety programs, the hospital environment is appropriate but there are several facilities that must be improved, the team's work has been running without difficulties. It patient information and educating patients.

Strengths-Based Factors Related to Post-Traumatic Stress Problems in Black Youth with High Body Weights.

Black youth with high body weights [BYHW; Body Mass Index (BMI)≥95th percentile] endure unique stressors (e.g., exposure to discrimination due to race and size) that may contribute to psychopathology. Factors that decrease mental health problems associated with these stressors have been underexamined in BYHW. The current study assessed how multisystemic resilience, weight-related quality of life (QOL), and discrimination were associated with post-traumatic stress problems in BYHW from the perspective of youth and their caregivers. A total of 93 BYHW and one of their primary caregivers were recruited from a Midsouth children's hospital. Youth ranged in age from 11 to 17 years (Mage=13.94, SD = 1.89), were mostly girls (61.3%), and had CDC-defined BMI scores above the 95th percentile. Nearly all caregivers were mothers (91.4%; Mage=41.73 years, SD = 8.08). Youth and their caregivers completed measures of resilience, discrimination, weight-related QOL, and post-traumatic stress problems. Utilizing linear regression modeling, the youth model was significant [F(3, 89)=31.63, p<.001, Adj. R2=.50], with higher resilience (β=-.23; p=.01) and lower discrimination (β=.52; p<.001) associated with fewer post-traumatic stress problems. The caregiver regression model was also significant [F(2, 90)=10.45, p<.001, Adj. R2=.17], with higher weight-related QOL associated with lower post-traumatic stress problems (β=-.37; p<.001). Findings illustrate differences in youth and caregiver perceptions of factors related to post-traumatic stress problems in BYHW. Youth emphasized both internal and external contributors to stress, while caregivers focused on internal variables. Such knowledge could be harnessed to develop strengths-based interventions that address health and well-being among BYHW.

Different settings, different terms and conditions: The impact of intellectual property arrangements on co‐creation project performance

AbstractInnovation‐focused co‐creation between companies and individual external contributors is accompanied by the challenge of managing intellectual property (IP). The existing literature presents scattered evidence of various elements of the arrangements adopted by companies to manage their IP (such as a high or low degree of IP control, monetary or non‐monetary compensation, non‐disclosure agreements, additional agreements, and the waiver option) in different co‐creation settings (including crowdsourcing contests, virtual communities, single expert sessions, and lead user workshops). However, the existing literature exhibits little understanding of how particular IP arrangements influence co‐creation project performance in specific settings. Drawing upon contingency theory and configurational theory, we provide a framework that explains both the effectiveness of different IP configurations and the moderating role that co‐creation settings may have on the relationship between IP arrangements and project performance. By the means of fuzzy‐set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) on a sample of 116 co‐creation projects, we determine the impact of various IP arrangements on project performance in different co‐creation settings, and we show how this effect differs across those settings. Our study also demonstrates that IP matters for success in co‐creation, while highlighting the interdependence of multiple elements of IP arrangements and their joint influence on co‐creation project performance. Our study thus fills the gap in the literature where previous research failed to embrace the context‐dependent and multidimensional effect of IP arrangements on co‐creation project performance. Additionally, this study offers best‐practice guidelines for managers for designing IP arrangements to meet the specific characteristics of their co‐creation projects and to ensure their success.

Unravelling the mass spectrum of destroyed dwarf galaxies with the metallicity distribution function

ABSTRACTAccreted stellar populations are comprised of the remnants of destroyed galaxies, and often dominate the ‘stellar haloes’ of galaxies such as the Milky Way (MW). This ensemble of external contributors is a key indicator of the past assembly history of a galaxy. We introduce a novel statistical method that uses the unbinned metallicity distribution function (MDF) of a stellar population to estimate the mass spectrum of its progenitors. Our model makes use of the well-known mass–metallicity relation of galaxies and assumes Gaussian MDF distributions for individual progenitors: the overall MDF is thus a mixture of MDFs from smaller galaxies. We apply the method to the stellar halo of the MW, as well as the classical MW satellite galaxies. The stellar components of the satellite galaxies have relatively small sample sizes, but we do not find any evidence for accreted populations with L &amp;gt; Lhost/100. We find that the MW stellar halo has N ∼ 1−3 massive progenitors (L ≳ 108L⊙) within 10 kpc, and likely several hundred progenitors in total. We also test our method on simulations of MW-mass haloes, and find that our method is able to recover the true accreted population within a factor of 2. Future data sets will provide MDFs with orders of magnitude more stars, and this method could be a powerful technique to quantify the accreted populations down to the ultra-faint dwarf mass scale for both the MW and its satellites.

ML-Augmented Automation for Recovering Links Between Pull-Requests and Issues on GitHub

GitHub provides a distributed and collaborative platform to develop and maintain open-source projects. This social coding platform achieves this collaborative development, with or without coordination, using pull requests and issues artefacts. When the number of daily submitted issues rapidly grows up, especially in popular repositories, managing issues becomes more complicated. To help the repository’s developers in issues processing, there are external contributors who fix issues by submitting pull-requests. On GitHub, a pull-request is frequently linked with a submitted issue to show that a solution is in progress. Unfortunately, contributors might be lazy or forget to link the Pull-Requests with their corresponding Issues. Only a very small share of these links are established, whereas a large portion of links is missed in the development history. In spite of that, even for senior developers, manually recovering the links between Pull-Request and Issues from evolutionary development history is a time-consuming, challenging, and error-prone task. In this article, we propose to build ML models to recover links between pull-requests and their issues using two Machine Learning algorithms (KMeans and BIRCH) based on lexical and semantic weighting measurements. These models are evaluated using PI-Link ground-truth dataset. The obtained results show that pull-request and issue links can be recovered with an accuracy of 91.5% using BIRCH clustering algorithm.

HDL-ODPRs: A Hybrid Deep Learning Technique Based Optimal Duplication Detection for Pull-Requests in Open-Source Repositories

Recently, open-source repositories have grown rapidly due to volunteer contributions worldwide. Collaboration software platforms have gained popularity as thousands of external contributors have contributed to open-source repositories. Although data de-duplication decreases the size of backup workloads, this causes poor data locality (fragmentation) and redundant review time and effort. Deep learning and machine learning techniques have recently been applied to identify complex bugs and duplicate issue reports. It is difficult to use, but it increases the risk of developers submitting duplicate pull requests, resulting in additional maintenance costs. We propose a hybrid deep learning technique in this work on the basis of an optimal duplication detection is for pull requests (HDL-ODPRs) in open-source repositories. An algorithm used to extract textual data from pull requests is hybrid leader-based optimization (HLBO), which increases the accuracy of duplicate detection. Following that, we compute the similarities between pull requests by utilizing the multiobjective alpine skiing optimization (MASO) algorithm, which provides textual, file-change, and code-change similarities. For pull request duplicate detection, a hybrid deep learning technique (named GAN-GS) is introduced, in which the global search (GS) algorithm is used to optimize the design metrics of the generative adversarial network (GAN). The proposed HDL-ODPR model is validated against the public standard benchmark datasets, such as DupPR-basic and DupPR-complementary data. According to the simulation results, the proposed HDL-ODPR model can achieve promising results in comparison with existing state-of-the-art models.

Experimental and numerical investigation of fatigue failure for metro bogie cowcatchers due to modal vibration and stress induced by rail corrugation

This paper describes the high-frequency vibration fatigue failure of metro bogie cowcatchers due to short-pitch track irregularities through field testing and numerical simulations. Firstly, the dynamic stress and vibrational environment of bogie cowcatchers are investigated by full-scale testing. The acceleration spectrum density and fatigue strength of cowcatchers are evaluated. Secondly, the internal and external contributors to this issue are preliminarily analyzed through modal experiments and track irregularity measurements. Then, the rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model of the vehicle is established based on the modal synthesis method and stress recovery technique. The calculated and measured vibration and stress of the bogie cowcatchers are compared for model verification. Finally, potential solutions, i.e. rail grinding and new structure design, are proposed and verified to solve the fatigue failure issue. It is found that the modal stress at hot spot locations around the weld lines of cowcatchers can be easily excited in operations and even coincides with the frequency of the rail corrugation. One efficient treatment of this issue is the rail grinding, another one is to increase the modal frequency and eliminate stress concentration with a new structure design.

How service delivery implementation strategies can contribute to attaining universal health coverage: lessons from polio eradication using an implementation science approach

BackgroundImproving service delivery is a key strategy for achieving service coverage, one of the two components of universal health coverage (UHC). As one of the largest global public health initiatives, individuals involved with the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) have learned many important lessons about service delivery. We identified contributors and challenges to delivering health services at national and subnational levels using experiences from the GPEI. We described strategies used to strengthen service delivery and draw lessons that could be applicable to achieving UHC.MethodsOnline cross-sectional surveys based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) domains and socioecological model were conducted from 2018–2019. Data were analyzed using an embedded mixed methods approach. Frequencies of the contributors and challenges to service delivery by levels of involvement were estimated. Chi-square tests of independence were used to assess unadjusted associations among categorical outcome variables. Logistic regressions were used to examine the association between respondent characteristics and contributors to successful implementation or implementation challenges. Horizontal analysis of free text responses by CFIR domain was done to contextualize the quantitative results.ResultsThree thousand nine hundred fifty-five people responded to the online survey which generated 3,659 valid responses. Among these, 887 (24.2%) reported involvement in service delivery at the global, national, or subnational level with more than 90% involved at subnational levels. The main internal contributor of strengthened service delivery was the process of conducting activities (48%); working in frontline role had higher odds of identifying the process of conducting activities as the main internal contributor (AOR: 1.22, p = 0.687). The main external contributor was the social environment (42.5%); having 10–14 years of polio program implementation was significantly associated with identifying the social environment as the main external contributor to strengthened service delivery (AOR: 1.61, p = 0.038). The most frequent implementation challenge was the external environment (56%); working in Eastern Mediterranean region was almost 4 times more likely to identify the external environment as the major challenge in service delivery strengthening (AOR:3.59, p < 0.001).ConclusionPriority actions to improve service delivery include: adopt strategies to systematically reach hard-to-reach populations, expand disease-focused programs to support broader primary healthcare priorities, maximize community outreach strategies to reach broader age groups, build community trust in health workers and develop multisectoral leadership for collaboration. Achieving UHC is contingent on strengthened subnational service delivery.

Vitamin D status in patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia: A retrospective study

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia characterized by the recession of the frontal hair line. The pathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, with hormonal, environmental, and genetic factors implicated. Facial sunscreen products have been suggested as possible external etiologic contributors, and avoidance is recommended by some hair specialists as part of the treatment1,2; nevertheless, this theory requires further research to substantiate. Although rigorous photoprotection can affect vitamin D status, the use of facial sunscreen alone is not associated with its deficiency.

Characteristics of Lead Users in Different Stages of the New Product Development Process: A Systematic Review in the Context of Open Innovation

Despite the promising ideas of lead users, the success rate of the open innovation process remains low if no proper personal characteristics are attached to the external contributor. The knowledge about the essential characteristic elements of lead users is crucial to select the right lead users in the early stage of the NPD. By filling the research gap, we performed a systematic literature review about the required personal characteristics of lead users. The resulting 45 studies demonstrated that diverse characteristics are required in different stages of an NDP which vary in the consumer and industrial context. According to our research results, we made a contribution to the theory by extending the lead user method in the form of a partial theory. We also found that in the case of incremental innovations, companies apply their technical knowledge and do not require additional expertise from users, while in the case of radical innovations, firms only involve external users with high technological competencies in the development stage of the NDP. We identified similarities and differences of the required lead users’ personal characteristics in the consumer and industrial contexts. Thus, our study provides a better awareness for business leaders on the selection of lead users for their NPD process, reducing the time-to-market ratio of the product and increasing profit.