External Connections Research Articles

A digital protocol for the fabrication of anatomic-contour implant zirconia crowns directly screwed on external hexagonal implant connections without the interposition of a Ti-base component

A straightforward and effective restorative option is proposed for implant-supported fixed prostheses with external connections by using monolithic zirconia without the interposition of a Ti-base component. The technique is based on a modification of the Brånemark connection used to link metal-ceramic or metal-composite resin restorations directly to the implant.

연결성 관점에서 본 수학과 교육과정 국제 비교·분석 연구: 한국, 싱가포르, 홍콩을 중심으로

The purpose of this study This study aimed to analyze the curricula of Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong from the perspective of connection — one of the competences of the 2022 national revised mathematics curriculum — and to suggest theoretical ideas for the Korean curriculum. The curricula were divided into three categories, and the criteria for the classification of connection were set into four categories: horizontal and vertical connections in terms of mathematical internal connection, connection through other subjects, and real life in terms of mathematical external connection. The analysis showed that none of the three countries revealed horizontal connections in goals and characteristics. Regarding achievement standards, horizontal connections did not appear in Korea; moreover, this was the case for vertical connections in Singapore as well as vertical connections and connections through other subjects in Hong Kong. All types of connections were reflected in teaching, learning, and assessment, with the exception of Hong Kong’s horizontal connection. Therefore, Korea needs to stipulate internal connections in goals and characteristics, reflect horizontal connections in achievement standards, and specify vertical connections in teaching, learning, and assessment. Moreover, specific methods were discussed for Singapore and Hong Kong.

Implant connection and abutment selection as a predisposing and/or precipitating factor for peri-implant diseases: A review.

Peri-implant mucosal integration is becoming a critical aspect for long term implant health and can be triggered the selection of implant components. The aim of this review is therefore to investigate the evidence concerning implant connection and abutment characteristics (abutment materials, design, handling) as predisposing or precipitating factor for peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Although the evidence that these features can directly predispose/precipitate peri-implant diseases is limited, there are -few- studies showing a potential role of the implant connection, trans-mucosal configuration, and handling in the development of early bone loss and/or peri-implantitis.With bone level implants, conical internal connections (with inherent platform switching) might be preferred over internal flat-flat and external connections to decrease the risk of early bone loss and potentially the risk of peri-implant disease. Moreover, there is a trend suggesting moving the prosthetic interface coronally (to the juxta-mucosal level) as soon as possible to reduce the number of disconnections and to limit the risk of cements remnants. This can be achieved by choosing a tissue-level implant or to place a trans-mucosal abutment (one abutment-one time approach) to optimize the peri-implant soft tissue seal. In absence of evidence for the biocompatibility regarding several restorative materials, biocompatible materials such as titanium or zirconia should be preferred in the trans-mucosal portion. Finally, longer implants (≥2mm) with an emergence angle below 30° seem more favourable.It should however be noted that some of this information is solely based on indirect information (such as early bone loss) and more research is needed before making firm recommendations about abutment choice.

Twelve years of iPads and apps in schools: What conditions support effective practices in K-6 classrooms?

Since their release in 2010, iPads and their associated apps have been touted as ‘game changers’ for schools struggling with technology provisioning issues, that limited their ability to fully leverage the educational potential of digital devices on a ‘whole class’ basis. Since then, a variety of schemes have been implemented such as ‘Bring Your Own Device’ (BYOD) and portable ‘device pods’, as systems for improving access to, and utilisation of, mobile technologies in classroom curriculum. In many schools, concurrent to these initiatives have been improvements in technology infrastructure, including upgrades to external connectivity via the advent of high-speed fibre-based broadband, and internally through the establishment of school wifi networks and associated online security systems. Aligned with these developments has been a growing body of research exploring how teachers at all levels of education systems have incorporated these new resources into their curriculum, and examining what, if any, benefits have resulted. This article is an analysis of key findings from four published studies undertaken by the author between 2015 and 2021 in New Zealand K-6 schools, to build understanding of factors that contributed to the effective practices with mobile devices witnessed in the research classrooms. While numerous separate studies have been undertaken exploring specific outcomes from the use of iPads and other mobile technologies in different educational contexts, the analysis presented in this article attempts to identify common factors existing across four purposively selected studies, that contributed to their success. The studies were deliberately chosen to provide a broad overview of applications of this technology in different K-6 classrooms for different purposes, supporting deeper understanding of the factors that underpin effective teaching and learning with and through mobile devices, in schools. This is important, as it builds knowledge of the fundamental foundations to effective educational use of mobile devices, regardless of the learning context in which they are used, and could assist teachers in designing, implementing and assessing curricular that optimises the learning potential of these devices.

Dynamic Multihop Routing in Terahertz Flow-Guided Nanosensor Networks: A Reinforcement Learning Approach

The Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT) is an emerging paradigm in which devices sized to the nanoscale (nanonodes) and transmitting in the terahertz (THz) band can become decisive actors in future medical applications. Flow-guided nanonetworks are well-known THz networks aimed at deploying the IoNT inside the human body, among other issues. In these networks, nanonodes flowing through the bloodstream monitor-sensitive biological/physical parameters and dispatch these data via electromagnetic (EM) waves to a nanorouter implanted in human tissue, which operates as a gateway to external Internet connectivity devices. Under these premises, two shortcomings arise. First, the use of the THz band greatly limits the nanonode’s communication range. Second, the nanonodes lack resources for processing, memory, and batteries. To minimize the impact of these concerns in EM nanocommunications, a novel dynamic multihop routing scheme is proposed to model in-body, flow-guided nanonetwork architecture. To this end, a reinforcement learning-based framework is conceived, combining the features of EM nanocommunications and hemodynamics or fluid dynamics applied to the bloodstream. A generic Markov decision process (MDP) approach is derived to maximize the throughput metric, analytically modeling: 1) the movement of the nanonodes in the bloodstream as laminar flow; 2) energy consumption (including energy-harvesting issues); and 3) prioritized events. A thoroughly THz flow-guided nanonetwork case of study is also defined. Under the umbrella of this case, diverse testbeds are planned to create a procedure of evaluation, validation, and discussion. Results reveal that multihop scenarios obtain better performance than direct nanonode-nanorouter communication, specifically, the two-hop scenario, which, for instance, quadrupled the throughput in a hand vein without sharply penalizing other aspects such as energy consumption.

Knowledge path dependence, external connection, and radical inventions: Evidence from Chinese Academy of Sciences

Public research institutes (PRIs) have played an increasingly prominent role in leading radical inventions, which are considered a major source of long-term economic growth. However, there is little empirical evidence on the factors affecting radical inventions in PRIs, which have been at the forefront of scientific research and technological development. This study fills this gap by providing an empirical analysis of radical inventions at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), a conglomerate of PRIs in China. Based on a newly compiled data set on CAS patents, this study explores the effects of knowledge path dependence, external network connections, and their interactions on radical inventions in PRIs. Our empirical findings reveal that knowledge path dependence negatively affects radical inventions; there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between external network connections and radical inventions, and weak external connections can alleviate the hindrance originating from knowledge path dependence, thus prompting radical inventions.

Market Access and Information Technology Adoption: Historical Evidence from the Telephone in Bavaria

Does market access affect information technology by shaping its diffusion and adoption? The introduction of the telephone in Bavaria is used to demonstrate that local and external market access affected both. External connections shortened the diffusion time of exchanges by 3 percent on average, while 4 percent of lines were due to such inter-city communication links. However, relatively stronger local effects from population size and demand for communication services, especially in larger cities, imply that initially, the telephone was primarily a local urban amenity that also became an external communication link when it rolled out to more rural places over time.

Relevant Aspects of the Dental Implant Design on the Insertion Torque, Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) and Micromobility: An In Vitro Study.

The major problems for the osseointegration of dental implants are the loosening of the screw that fixes the dental implant to the abutment and the micromovements that are generated when mechanical loads are applied. In this work, torque differences in the tightening and loosening of the connection screws after 1 cycle, 10 cycles and 1000 cycles for 4 dental implants with 2 external and 2 internal connections were analyzed. The loosening of 240 implants (60 for each system) was determined using high-precision torsimeters and an electromechanical testing machine. A total of 60 dental implants for each of the 4 systems were inserted into fresh bovine bone to determine the micromovements. The implant stability values (ISQ) were determined by RFA. The mechanical loads were performed at 30° from 20 N to 200 N. By means of the Q-star technique, the micromovements were determined. It was observed that, for a few cycles, the loosening of the screw did not exceed a loss of tightening of 10% for both connections. However, for 1000 cycles, the loss for the external connection was around 20% and for the internal connection it was 13%. The micromovements showed a lineal increase with the applied load for the implant systems studied. An external connection presented greater micromotions for each level of applied load and lower ISQ values than internal ones. An excellent lineal correlation between the ISQ and micromobility was observed. These results may be very useful for clinicians in the selection of the type of dental implant, depending on the masticatory load of the patient as well as the consequences of the insertion torque of the dental implant and its revisions.

Comparative analysis of the mechanical limits of resistance in implant/abutment set of a new implant design: An in vitro study.

The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the resistance on quasi-static forces and in the fatigue mechanical cycling of a new implant design compared to two other conventional implant designs. Eighty-eight implants with their respective abutments were tested and distributed into four groups (n = 22 per group): Morse taper connection implant (MT group), conventional external hexagon implant (EH con group), new Collo implant of external hexagon with the smooth portion out of the bone insertion (EH out group), and new Collo implant of external hexagon with the implant platform inserted to the bone level (EH bl group). All the sets were subjected to quasi-static loading in a universal testing machine, and we measured the maximum resistance force supported by each sample. Another 12 samples from each group were submitted to the cyclic fatigue test at 4 intensities of forces (n = 3 per force): 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%. The number of cycles supported by each sample at each force intensity was evaluated. The three groups of implants with external hexagon connection had similar maximum strength values of the sets (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, samples from the MT group showed the highest resistance values in comparison to the other three groups (p < 0.05). In the fatigue test, the Collo out group supported a smaller number of cycles that led to the fracture than the other 3 groups proposed at loads of 80%, 60%, and 40%, and only at the load value of 20% all groups had the same performance. Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, the results showed that the new Collo implant performs better when installed at bone level.

Research on How Executive Connections Affect Enterprise Digital Transformation: Empirical Evidence from China

In the context of the digital economy, the external connection of executives provides enterprises with a good idea to amplify their potential for digital transformation with the help of external forces. Therefore, we conduct a theoretical exploration and an empirical analysis of the relationship between executive connections and enterprise digital transformation. As the research sample, we use the A-share manufacturing companies listed in China from 2012 to 2021. According to sufficient verifications, we discover that executive connections can effectively support digital transformation. From the perspective of each subdivision dimension, executive business connections, executive technical connections, and executive financial connections can significantly promote digital transformation, among which executive technical connections have the greatest favorable impact. However, the impact of executive political connections on digital transformation is not obvious. Additionally, executive connections primarily foster enterprise digital transformation by reducing enterprise asset specificity. The results of the boundary mechanism test demonstrate that the external environmental dynamics and the internal dynamic capabilities reinforce the positive effect of executive connections on digital transformation. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of executive connections in digital transformation and provide practical guidance for firms to accelerate digital transformation.

Research on the Electromagnetic Characteristics of an Integrated Multi-Winding Inductive Filtering Converter Transformer and Its Filter System

In this paper, the electromagnetic characteristics of a novel integrated multi-winding inductive filtering converter transformer, including two parallel-connected delta filter windings with zero impedance, are studied. First, based on Ansoft, a 3D FEM model of the novel converter transformer is built according to its structural parameters and material characteristics. Next, the external circuit connection based on the established 3D FEM model is realized so the corresponding field-circuit coupling model can be established under three different working conditions. On this basis, the electric field characteristics, magnetic field characteristics, winding electromagnetic force characteristics, and core loss characteristics of the novel converter transformer with different conditions are analyzed. The results show that because the harmonic current is effectively suppressed, the flux chain passing through the windings of the novel converter transformer is closer to the sinusoidal wave and the harmonic magnetic potential is effectively suppressed; the electromagnetic force received by each winding of the converter transformer and the high-frequency vibration component are significantly reduced; and the transformer core loss is also significantly reduced. The research on the internal electromagnetic characteristics of the integrated multi-winding inductive filter converter transformer reveals the mechanism of reducing vibration and noise.

Fault Tolerance Smart Egg Incubation System with Computer Vision

Reliability of incubators is one of their most important specifications. Development of wireless, cloud and computer vision based technologies gives new possibilities for work process control and increasing fault tolerance. Regardless of whether the hatching is in the field of mass production or in the breeding of rare species of birds, detecting a critical situation and sending timely notifications can prevent serious losses. Experience shows that network isolated solutions are not reliable enough and good management requires complex algorithms that are beyond the capabilities of a local, single controller. Even with the duplication of some sensors and actuators, incubators without external connection are high risk due to the fact that their controller is a central point in the architecture and can fail, leaving the farmer with no alert about the accident. The report presents a solution that uses periodic checks from cloud structures on the condition and operability of the incubator. In parallel, a video surveillance system analyzes the internal environment and the condition of hatching chicks. When potential and real risks occur, the system sends notifications to the responsible persons even to his or her wrist. Additionally, the proposed smart egg incubation methodology has been found to reduce the amount of time required for farmers to oversee the incubation process by up to 50%, allowing them to focus on other important tasks while still ensuring optimal hatching conditions for their eggs. Overall, the proposed methodology offers a significant improvement in egg incubation efficiency and reliability, with potential applications in both commercial and personal settings.

CREATION OF A NATIONAL DATABASE OF GENOMIC INFORMATION IN UZBEKISTAN

The article highlights current issues in the history of the creation and use of genomic information in the leading countries of the world. Considerable attention is paid to a comparative analysis of the regulatory framework of forensic genetic databases of foreign countries, especially the United Kingdom and the United States. In the context of improving the regulatory framework for the activities of the forensic service in Uzbekistan, in the implementation of the Law “On Genomic Registration” establishing the legal basis for obtaining, recording and storing biological samples, the article highlights and describes the characteristic features and prospects for the development of the database used in automated information system designed to store genomic and personal information. Taking into account the geographical and administrative structure of Uzbekistan, the authors proposed a centralized architecture for the formation of a national database, according to which information on state registration stored in a single database of genomic information should be developed as an information retrieval system, specially protected from external connections. The authors come to the conclusion that the national database of genomic information being formed will improve the efficiency of detection and investigation of a wide range of crimes, while simultaneously solving issues of searching for missing persons. Keywords: genomic information, database, DNA, CODIS, forensics, centralized database, identification.

Smartphone thermal imaging for stressed people classification using CNN+MobileNetV2

Stress as a mental and physical imbalance is the experience of every human being. It can have a positive effect on human motivation and performance, as well as negatively contributing to the formation of chronic diseases. So far, stress is most often detected using EEG, ECG, GSR, BVP. A minority of researchers undertake stress detection from thermal images or video. The author, seeing the great potential in this area and looking for low-budget solutions that are more easily accessible to the average person, conducted a stress study using smartphone thermal imaging. The faces of the study participants were recorded by a low-cost thermographic camera in the smartphone version (external connection) – FLIR ONE Pro. As a stressor, arithmetic tasks with a time limit were used. The subjects additionally supplemented the MiniCOPE test to assess the level of coping with stress. These data were additional parameters that were taken into account during stress classification using CNN+MobileNetV2. The final results indicated high accuracy of stress classification based on thermal image sequences, confirming the thermal potential in stress detection.

Sub-meter-level navigation with an enhanced multi-GNSS single-point positioning algorithm using iGMAS ultra-rapid products

AbstractUltra-rapid products have the advantage of being used in real-time positioning with no external connections. In this study, these products provided by the international GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) for four global constellations (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BDS-3) were assessed in terms of service rate and accuracy in navigation. In this regard, a MATLAB-based in-house code solving the problem was developed for all possible combinations of the constellations. To explore the effectiveness of the iGMAS products, the same dataset has been also processed using GFZ rapid products. The results demonstrate that the GPS and Galileo solutions were substantially comparable to the rapid products concerning service rate and accuracy, but that the GLONASS and BDS-3 iGMAS products require some enhancements. In addition, the Galileo solution produced remarkably good results both individually and in combination. The GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/BDS-3 SPP solution generated a mean root mean square (RMS) error of 0 ⋅ 54 m horizontally and 0 ⋅ 89 m vertically. Thus, GPS-only, GLONASS-only, Galileo-only and BDS-3-only solutions were improved by 42%, 79%, 28% and 74% in 3D mean RMS error with the quad system solutions, respectively.

Umbilical and Juxtaumbilical Chronic Discharging Sinus as a Delayed Complication of Caesarean Section: A Case Series

Cutaneous or uterocutaneous sinus or fistula following caesarean section is a rare complication that can occur after the primary wound has healed. Only a few cases have been reported where a fistula or sinus tract forms after a caesarean section. These tracts can communicate externally through the scar line or the skin near the umbilicus (juxtaumbilical) and internally to the uterine scar or an unhealthy abnormal cavity. It is a delayed complication that presents with discharge from the skin opening and can be diagnosed using imaging techniques such as Ultrasonography (USG), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Fistulogram, or Sinogram. These tracts often seek weak areas to establish external or internal connections with other organs. The management of these abnormal tracts can vary from conservative approaches to surgical excision. Herein, the authors presented a series of three cases of cutaneous and uterocutaneous fistula following caesarean section. In case 1, a 19-year-old female patient presented with a discharging sinus from the umbilicus, which was found to be a sinus tract communicating inside the abdominal wall to the external skin on imaging. The patient underwent surgery, which involved excision of the sinus tract and necrotic debridement. Two similar cases (cases 2 and 3) were infra and paraumbilical regions that presented with chronic discharges in the infra and para umbilical region following Lower Segment Caesarean Section (LSCS) delivery. Both cases were diagnosed with cutaneous sinus tracts in the juxtaumbilical region using USG and other imaging modalities. They were managed conservatively with appropriate antibiotics and achieved complete healing without any residual infection during follow-up.

Influence of Platform-Switched Restoration on Bone Resorption in Patients Treated with Wide-Diameter, External-Hex-Connection Dental Implants: A 10-Year Follow-up Study.

Purpose: To investigate and assess the differences in crestal bone loss (CBL) between wide-diameter, external-hexagon-connection implants restored with platform-switching (PS) and platform-matching (PM) restorations with a follow-up of 10 years. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the updated and enlarged dataset of a 5-year prospective clinical study at 10-year follow-up. The data concerns 182 healthy adult subjects treated in a private dental practice who received a single wide-diameter implant with an external hexagon connection in the molar area, restored with either a PS restoration (test) or PM restoration (control). The amount of CBL was radiographically measured at each annual follow-up, as well as after 5 and 10 years of implant loading. In evaluating the association between the two types of abutments and bone loss (including change over time), a linear mixed effects model was run for longitudinal data. Results: Implants connected with PS restorations exhibited significantly lower reduction (0.25 mm) in CBL than those joined to PM restorations (P < .001; 95% CI from 0.22 to 0.29). However, both groups presented a higher increase in bone loss during the first year (0.58 mm in PS and 0.83 mm in PM) and a linear increment thereafter until the 10-year follow-up (0.046 mm/year; P < .001; 95% CI from .042 to .049). Conclusion: Notwithstanding the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that after 10 years of follow-up, the implant with a wide diameter and external-hexagon connection restored with a PS abutment seems to be more effective in reducing bone loss compared with the PM abutment.

Improvement of the seismic response of frame structures through the coupling with an external structure equipped with inerter

This paper analyses the effectiveness of connecting the first storey of a frame structure to an external structure shorter than the frame structure by a visco-elastic device. Additionally, an inerter device is applied to the external structure to modify its inertial force and increase the effectiveness of the coupling. The coupled structure is modeled as a three-degree-of-freedom mechanical system, and its equations of motion are obtained by a direct approach. The coupling with the external structure is considered beneficial for the frame structure if the absolute displacements of the coupling level or the inter-storey drifts reduce compared to those of the stand-alone frame structure. A preliminary modal analysis shows that the coupling with the external structure equipped with the inerter device improves the dynamic and seismic performances of the system. A further analysis is performed by considering some ground motion records. The results, organized in performance maps, confirm that the coupling with the external structure reduces the displacements and drifts of the frame structure in large ranges of values of the parameters that characterize the external structure and connection device.

FLUX 2.0: Sustainable Furniture Production with Modular 3D Printed Joinery System

The Malaysian furniture industry confronts a complex landscape defined by conventional wood joinery practices, resulting in rising material wastage, labour-intensive procedures, and intricate logistical challenges. This research explores designers' perceptions regarding sustainable furniture production and the feasibility of integrating modular 3D-printed joinery within an ergo-aesthetic framework. Data was collected through a survey (n = 424) in Malaysia. The analysis revealed significant correlations for senses and external influence (r = 0.325, p &lt; 0.05), strong external influence with design attributes (r = 0.549, p &lt; 0.05), and substantive design attributes with external influence connection (r = 0.580, p &lt; 0.05). Ergonomic components highlight the correlations between physical with cognitive (r = 0.525, p &lt; 0.05), cognitive with organisational (r = 0.547, p &lt; 0.05), and organisational with physical (r = 0.546, p &lt; 0.05). Incorporating physical ergonomics, comfort, usability, and user interaction, alongside cultural considerations, provides opportunities to improve functionality and user satisfaction in prototypes. By understanding designers' perspectives on sustainable furniture production and assessing modular 3D printed joinery, the study explains the relationship between design elements, sensory factors, aesthetics, and sustainable practices.

ПЕРЕКЛАДАЦЬКИЙ БРИКОЛАЖ: УКРАЇНСЬКО-ГРУЗИНСЬКИЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРНИЙ КОНТЕКСТ

Background . The research of literary contacts expands the boundaries of national literature, involving it in a single historical-literary process determined by the general process of social-historical development of mankind. Translation becomes a mediator between cultures and involves equal cultural interaction of individuals of different linguistic and cultural communities, taking into account their ethno-cultural identity. Methods. The following methods were used: biographical, comparative, cultural-historical and the method of receptive aesthetics. Using the observation method, we consider a number of scientific works, as well as analyze the artistic works of Raul Chilacava. Results. Artistic translation has a special place among all types of translation, because in addition to the content, it aims to convey the aesthetic and philosophical views of the author of the original work, which belongs to a certain culture and represents it. Therefore, the translator must possess extraordinary abilities in order to convey, in addition to the content of the work, the spiritual message of the original source. We analyzed external and internal literary connections which influenced the creativity and translation activity of Raul Chilacava; the peculiarities of the process of selecting texts for translation by him, the development of the writer-translator's mastery, the influence of the translation activity on his own creativity, as well as the role of the author's translations in interliterary communication. Conclusions. The study showed that artistic translations become a certain accented point where comparative studies and translation studies come together. Raul Chilacava managed to successfully combine two hypostases in him – a translator and a poet. Being bilingual (fluent in Ukrainian and Georgian), he found like-minded people in two cultures and represented their works in the other culture for each of them precisely through translation. The combination of different approaches when analyzing the translation heritage of Raul Chilachava gives an opportunity to highlight different facets of a single whole, which is the creative work of the writer in all its complexity and multifacetedness.