External Communication Channels Research Articles

Corruption in law enforcement agencies: causes and system of countermeasures

Corruption has always been a negative phenomenon that significantly deformed the institutional purpose of state institutions and undermined the public's trust in them. Unfortunately, the issue of corruption in law enforcement agencies has always been particularly acute. Moreover, right now, in the conditions of a full-scale war, it is the law enforcement agencies that must stand in defense of the internal sovereignty, national unity of the state, and ensure the protection and functioning of various state mechanisms. It is worth noting that the institutional structure of the law enforcement system is constantly changing, against the background of which institutions are created, the purpose of which is the direct prevention of corruption and corrupt acts. The classic approach consists in assigning a specific body of state power to law enforcement agencies based on the actual performance of law enforcement functions.
 The need and relevance of the criminological characterization of the causes and the importance and urgency of developing a system of anti-corruption measures in law enforcement agencies are substantiated.
 Corruption offenses committed by law enforcement agencies are most often various deviations and violations of the current legislation regulating law enforcement and law enforcement activities of these agencies. We see the high latency of corruption offenses as the main cause of corruption in this area; personnel problems and deformation of the role and meaning of the management team. Measures to combat corruption in internal affairs bodies include: optimization of the recruitment process; improvement of internal and external communication channels for whistleblowers; promotion of departmental financial supervision of the life of law enforcement officers, and constant training and improvement of qualifications of each law enforcement officer, the need to pass a real annual psychological certification.
 It is concluded that the development of anti-corruption measures should not be of a general nature. More effective is precisely the targeted approach, based on the identified causes and conditions of corruption in a separate sphere, in this case, the sphere of activity of law enforcement agencies, and specific industry-oriented, targeted anti-corruption measures developed based on these determinants.

External and Internal Communication of the Council of Lithuania (21 September 1917–11 November 1918)

The idea to investigate the communication of the Council of Lithuania first came up after analysing the process of the representation of the Council of Lithuania from 21 September 1917 to 11 November 1918 and realising that internal and external communication was closely intertwined and each was important in its own way. The analysis of the communication of the Council of Lithuania is important for several reasons. Firstly, it helps to identify internal and external communication channels and to understand their role in establishing and maintaining close contacts with the local and foreign public; secondly, it provides an opportunity to see the actual scope of activities pursued by the Council of Lithuania and its Presidium, and, thirdly, it sheds light on the specificities of the functioning of the little-studied administrative apparatus of the Council of Lithuania. The aim of the study is to examine internal and external communication channels of the Council of Lithuania and to reveal the specificities of their functioning (21 September 1917–11 November 1918). To that end, the research made use of published (collections of documents, information in the press) and unpublished sources stored at the Lithuanian Central State Archives, the Manuscripts Department of the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, the Political Archive of the German Foreign Office, and studies by historians and legal historians. The research covers the chronological period from 21 September 1917 to 11 November 1918, i.e., from the election of the Council of Lithuania during the Vilnius Conference (18– 23 September 1917) to the formation of the Provisional Government of Lithuania. Methods of qualitative analysis and synthesis (the new material of the sources was supplemented with the information circulating in historiography), the comparative method (the facts from Lithuanian and German archives and the press are compared), the descriptive and inductive methods were employed. To process the primary sources in Lithuanian and German languages, the logical-analytical method (analysis of the notional content and information) was applied. The research revealed that external and internal communication of the Council of Lithuania was the responsibility of the Presidium of the Council of Lithuania. Its members organised and coordinated internal communication through the head of the Central Office. The members of the Council of Lithuania used to communicate among themselves and with the members of the Presidium and exchanged information at official plenary sessions, verbally and in writing, by phone and telegraph. In exceptional cases, authorised persons and delegations served as intermediaries. Most problems in internal communication used to arise from the failure to provide information in writing (copies of documents not prepared, forwarded, or delivered in time) and belated invitations to the plenary sittings during the sessions of the Council of Lithuania. The members of the Presidium and the heads of the commissions and administrative divisions of the Council of Lithuania used to communicate and exchange information verbally (at sittings and meetings) and in writing (through letters, documentation). All direct and indirect channels available at that time were utilised for the Council’s external communication with local and foreign public, Lithuanians abroad, and German civil and military administration: (1) direct channels include visits to the Secretariat of the Council of Lithuania during the publicly- announced reception hours established by the members of the Presidium and the members of the commissions of the Council of Lithuania, meetings of the members of the Council of Lithuania with Lithuanian residents, their organisations, and the representatives of the German Military Administration in Lithuania (Militärverwaltung Litauen), conferences abroad, reception of the delegates (authorised representatives) of Lithuanians living abroad or delegations; (2) indirect channels comprise newspapers (they used to print reception hours, minutes of sittings, and other important information), letters and telegrams, and special information publications (Bėgamosios Lietuvos Tarybos žinios).

Time structure of the distortion source identification of the electric power quality indicators and hardware and software system for its reduction

THE PURPOSE. Investigation of the time structure forthedistortion source identification of the electric power quality and a method for its reduction using of a mobile software and hardware instrumentation system.METHODS. The analysis of the number of complaints regarding low-quality electric power, the structure and values of the time spent on the identification of the distortion sources of the electric power quality indicators (PQI) for the standard values, taking into account all its components, was carried out.RESULTS. It is determined that the number of complaints received by the power grid company regarding lowquality electric powerremains high. At the same time, it takes a long time to identify the distortionsource before putting in place the necessary remedial measures. According to the analyzed data, it can take up to 21 days. The number of cases when the distortion source of the PQI couldn’t be detected within two days was 117 cases of 419 analyzed. The solutions to reduce this time are proposed.CONCLUSIONS. The solutions presented in the article make it possible to reduce the time spent on the source distortion identificationofthe PQI due to the use of a mobile hardware and software instrumentation system (HSIS). A variant of the HSIS structure is proposed, which includes sensors and the HSIS central unit. The proposed HSIS can be used in the absence of external communication channels through the use of data transmitted from the sensors of the system to the central unit using Long Range (LORA) or Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies. In addition, the HSIS provides time synchronization of all the sensors.

Russian Twitter as an Interpretation and Agenda-Setting Tool

The article examines the specifics of the Russian Twitter communication space from the perspective of the agenda-setting theory by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw. Various topics’ blogs are analyzed to identify the communication features of Twitter interaction with external communication channels and information platforms. The authors apply semantic and event analysis to consider the main methods of Twitter influence on the external communication environment, and provide the interpretation of the events in the external environment within social network community. Based on this analysis the authors conclude concludes about the role of Twitter as one of the news feeds interpretive aggregators from the external communication space, which transforms meanings and creates its own in the framework of influencing the audience, and consider further prospects for researching the Twitter media environment to identify its interrelations with the communication environment.

Micro-Workflows Data Stream Processing Model for Industrial Internet of Things

The fog computing paradigm has become prominent in stream processing for IoT systems where cloud computing struggles from high latency challenges. It enables the deployment of computational resources between the edge and cloud layers and helps to resolve constraints, primarily due to the need to react in real-time to state changes, improve the locality of data storage, and overcome external communication channels’ limitations. There is an urgent need for tools and platforms to model, implement, manage, and monitor complex fog computing workflows. Traditional scientific workflow management systems (SWMSs) provide modularity and flexibility to design, execute, and monitor complex computational workflows used in smart industry applications. However, they are mainly focused on batch execution of jobs consisting of tightly coupled tasks. Integrating data streams into SWMSs of IoT systems is challenging. We proposed a microworkflow model to redesign the monolith architecture of workflow systems into a set of smaller and independent workflows that support stream processing. Micro-workflow is an independent data stream processing service that can be deployed on different layers of the fog computing environment. To validate the feasibility and practicability of the micro-workflow refactoring, we provide intensive experimental analysis evaluating the interval between sensor messages, the time interval required to create a message, between sending sensor message and receiving the message in SWMS, including data serialization, network latency, etc. We show that the proposed decoupling support of the independence of implementation, execution, development, maintenance, and cross-platform deployment, where each micro-workflow becomes a standalone computational unit, is a suitable mechanism for IoT stream processing.

Formalising organisational responsibility for refugees in German higher education: the case of first contact positions

ABSTRACT This article addresses the formalisation of support structures for refugee students at German higher education organisations. After the refugee influx in 2015 and 2016, early support for refugees was characterised by often voluntary, informal, spontaneous activities by pioneers. Subsequently, the situation changed as higher education organisations adjusted to the new challenge and restructured their way of dealing with study-interested refugees. Based on 18 interviews with heads of international offices and with the holders of so-called first contact positions for refugees at eight German higher education organisations, we investigate – drawing on organisation sociology – these organisational responses to (prospective) refugee students. In a second step, we focus on the first contact positions as the smallest organisational units in this field of action and describe their tasks, their placement in the hierarchy, and the procedures for staffing. Our analysis shows that in response to the growing number of refugee applicants and the availability of external funding, support structures for refugees were formalised by creating and/or expanding existing organisational structures, including the establishment of first contacts as specific boundary positions and of new internal and external communication channels.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ТУНЕЛЮВАННЯ В СУЧАСНИХ КОМП’ЮТЕРНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ

Modern corporate networks are a combination of internal and external communication channels. The issue of confiden-tiality in such networks is relevant. To reduce the risks associated with implementing new solutions in continuous cycle systems, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate their impact.For now, there is a large number of network protocols that can be used to create tunnels. Modern network equipment is a rather complex software and hardware system that supports many standards and protocols. Well-known network equipment manufacturer MikroTik has upgraded the RouterOS operating system to version 7, where the main change is the use of an updated Linux kernel version 5.6.3, which allows routers to use several different waysto establish secure connections. In modern research, the main attention is paid to encryption algorithms and tunneling protocols without taking into account the peculiarities of implementation. The aim of the article is to develop semi-natural modeling of networks that can be used in the educational process and production systems. The result of the simulation is quantitative indicators of the performance of network equipment and com-munication channels. The use of semi-natural modeling is necessary when itis not possible to describe the operation of some elements of the system mathematically. Real network equipment and long-distance communication channels of providers were used to model the corporate network. To make the results objective in the test scheme, MikroTik hAP ac2 equipment with a hardware encryption chip and RouterOS v.7.1 were installed on both ends. A 100 Mbps channel was used as the ISP at both ends. The standard Bandwith test tool built into RouterOS is used as a data generator. The study allowed to determine the features of the modern version of the operating system RouterOS. A feature of this version is the built-in implementation of the tunnel using the WireGuard protocol, which showed high performance. The model was also used to obtain quantitative indica-tors of the performance of tunnels with different protocols under the condition of encrypting the transmitted data. As can beseen from the results of the experiments, the impact of protocols and their implementations on the useful bandwidth is significant and can reduce it several times.

Cost optimization for information security systems

Protecting information that is potentially accessible through external communication channels from external threats is one of the primary objectives of information security. Creating an information security system requires material investments, the cost of which increases along with the increasing degree of information protection. Therefore, the task of determining the level of investment in information security that provides the minimum total cost of the information protection system and losses from realized threats that remain after the implementation of the information protection system arises. In this paper, we present a scheme that allows us to solve the problem of optimizing the costs of an information security system, the implementation of which ensures a minimum of average total costs for the implementation of the information security system and losses due to the remaining threats realized after the establishment of information security system.

Strategic Planning for Improving Nongreen Impact Factors of Traditional Coal Logistics in China

Based on the nongreen impact factors of coal logistics and traditional coal companies, this study aims to understand the role of such factors in coal supply, production, distribution, recycling, and waste logistics. Porter’s five forces model is used to analyze the potential competitors, peer competitors, substitutes, and coal buyers and suppliers in traditional coal logistics enterprises in order to find the key problems in nongreen impact factors affecting traditional coal logistics. Then, Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch (TRIZ) is used to formulate the corresponding six strategies for key problems. Lastly, the interpretative structural model is used to analyze and establish a systematic process for the development of a strategy. Analysis results show that when traditional coal enterprises improve their problems under the influence of nongreen impact factors, they should first establish strategic partnerships with nodes in the supply chain to exchange problems in coal production and coal enterprise operations and help each other achieve mutual benefits. After establishing a cooperative relationship with other enterprises, they can use advanced logistics information technology to establish a logistics system and external communication channels with other cooperative enterprises, thereby helping their own enterprises improve in terms of green production, green scale, and green transportation. Meanwhile, traditional coal enterprises should strengthen product quality supervision, increase production transparency, and improve the quality of coal production. Furthermore, the relationship with suppliers must be maintained for a long time. Market research must also be conducted to understand the needs of the coal market, ensure the development of new products, and maintain the advantages of traditional coal companies in the market competition.

MODELING OF CONTROL OF STABILITY OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELS IN DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS

In the management of communications under the conditions of the development of an industrial enterprise, there are continuous violations in communications due to the poor quality of communication channels or due to unexpected changes in the environment with which communication channels can not exist. To solve this problem, a scientific and methodical approach to controlling the stability of communication channels has been developed in the management of the development of an industrial enterprise, which is based on the consideration of the peculiarities of different types of internal and external communication channels and the use of which makes it possible to identify problems in communications in a timely manner and adapt communication channels to changes in external environment or to the features of internal communications. The methods of formalizing the estimation of the stability of communication channels of an industrial enterprise are developed, providing the basis for their correction or for adjusting managerial decisions in case of distortion of the information received through insufficiently stable communication channels. In order to assess the stability of the communication channels, it is proposed to distinguish between internal and external communication channels. In turn, the internal communication channels can be upright and horizontal. Vertical channels combine subdivisions or individual workers at different levels of the hierarchy, and horizontal channels combine subdivisions or employees of an enterprise that are at the same level of the hierarchy. In addition, it is proposed to distinguish between symmetric and asymmetric channels as well as unitary and binary communication channels.Models for estimating stability are developed for each of the proposed communication channel types. An analysis of the stability of communication channels of an industrial enterprise allows them to be adapted to changes in the external environment or characteristics of internal communications.

Адаптация первокурсников в образовательной среде вуза как период эволюционных преобразований (на примере Ульяновского государственного технического университета)

<p>Адаптация студентов в контексте педагогики высшей школы рассматривается как результат педагогического взаимодействия субъектов образования, направленный на присвоение студентами (интериоризацию) ценностей профессионального образования. Адаптация студентов происходит в определенном пространственно-временном континууме — среде. Если связать среду и субъект адаптации прямой линией управляющих сигналов и линией обратной связи, то получим систему, учитывающую различия между действием и его результатами. Опыт показывает, что подобная системная организация процесса адаптации первокурсников существенно повышает его эффективность.</p><p>В статье рассмотрен процесс организации образовательной среды вуза, способствующей приобщению первокурсников к ценностям высшей школы, исторически сложившимся вузовским традициям, адаптации в системе внутренних и внешних каналов коммуникации. Первокурсники, попадая в новую для себя среду высшего учебного заведения, начинают взаимодействовать с ней посредством включения в различные виды деятельности.</p><p>Анализ основан на материалах комплексной Программы социокультурной адаптации студентов первого курса в социально-педагогическом пространстве вуза, которая реализуется с 2009 г. в Ульяновском государственном техническом университете, а также дополнительного исследования с участием 475 первокурсников (технические и гуманитарные специальности) вуза. Применение комплекса апробированных в педагогических экспериментах процедур оценки (опрос, анкетирование, включенное наблюдение, фокус-группы) позволило получить наиболее точный результат. Были определены критерии и показатели, иллюстрирующие процесс адаптации первокурсников в когнитивном, мотивационно-ценностном, деятельностном и рефлексивном компонентах.</p><p>Сопоставление начального и конечного результатов исследования позволило сделать вывод об эффективности реализации программы.</p>

INFORMATION SECURITY IN IP TELEPHONY

The development of the information society is inextricably linked with the process of globalization, so the resulting security problems must be closely linked with the global changes. There is a growing role of information security of the individual. Increasing importance of security of the state and society. The purpose of this article is to consider the possible threat of an IP-telephony to the information security community. The article draws upon the scientific and journalistic publications, analysis of materials for the Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation, the analysis of potential threats to information due to the development and distribution of IP-telephony, given way to prevent phishing attacks. The conclusion of the article is the assumption that protection involves not only the development of measures for the security of IP-telephony, and outputs to external communication channels, such as mobile cellular communications and public telephone networks. As part of the state of information security strategy must be to switch to the production of new software and technology, the formation of a new and innovative work culture, employment and social culture of each individual.

The Role of Knowledge Intermediaries in Developing Firm Learning Capabilities

Regional innovation systems (RISs) literature has emphasized the critical role of interactive learning and knowledge exchange amongst firms and a variety of spatially connected innovation institutions as the foundation of regional innovation. Knowledge intermediaries have been analysed in terms of the technology-transaction services they provide firms and/or knowledge producers such as universities and therefore the role they play in facilitating interaction within the RIS. However, innovation also depends on the capability of the firm to learn. Some studies have suggested that intermediaries also play a role in that regard as participation in intermediary knowledge transfer programmes can contribute to the development of firm capabilities for problem-solving and learning. Our research is based on two case study intermediary programmes involving interviews with facilitators and participants. Our data show that knowledge intermediaries affect organizational learning capabilities by impacting on firms' network relationships, internal and external communication channels and internal learning processes which in turn affect the ability to interpret and use knowledge within the firm. This suggests that the role of knowledge intermediaries might be greater than facilitating interactions in the innovation system, as knowledge intermediation may affect the ability of firms to learn and absorb knowledge from their environment.

Gaps, Disconnections, and Discontinuities—The Role of Information Exchange in the Delivery of Quality Long-Term Care

The smart use of information and communication technologies (ICT) is widely seen as a means of enhancing the quality of aged care services. One of the barriers to ICT diffusion in aged care is the failure to cater for the complex and interdisciplinary requirements of the aged care environment. The aim of this qualitative study was to identify the layers of information exchange and communication and produce a conceptual model that can help to inform decisions related to the design, implementation, and sustainability of ICT. A qualitative study conducted in 2010 within seven Australian residential aged care facilities. It included 11 focus groups involving 47 staff and 54 individual interviews and observation sessions. The analysis of work processes identified key information exchange components related to the type of information (residential, clinical, and administrative) that is collected, stored, and communicated. This information relies on a diverse number of internal and external communication channels that are important for the organization of care. The findings highlight potential areas of communication dysfunction as a consequence of structural holes, fragmentation, or disconnections that can adversely affect the continuity and coordination of care, its safety, and quality.

Mass Communication, Cosmopolite Channels, and Family Planning Among Villagers in Mexico

An attempt was made to explore in greater detail the relative contribution of different external communication channels on 1 type of social change i.e. the adoption of family planning practices. The data were collected in a Mexican village which is located about 60 miles from Mexico City and about 6 miles from the capital of the State of Mexico. The village which can be characterized by a subsistence economy is composed of about 100 farming families with an average of 4.5 children/family. The majority of the adults in the village are involved in agriculture but some of the youth travel to the nearby city for industrial employment. 81 females and 55 males were interviewed during the fall of 1978 and the winter of 1979. The interviewees constituted all villagers of 12 years of age or older who could be reached and who consented to be interviewed. The independent variables in the analysis were indices of media use and travel/interpersonal communication. Dependent variables were indices of family planning knowledge attitudes and practice. To detect any relationship between exposure to external communication channels and family size the ultimate goal of family planning programs number of children was also treated as a dependent variable. Of the 136 respondents 80% reported having a radio at home and 62% reported having heard family planning messages on the radio. 63% said that they did not know how to read and only 15% reported having read family planning messages. 35% reported watching television regularly and 18% reported having been exposed to family planning messages on television. 90% reported having traveled in the previous month to other towns or cities but only 7% reported having traveled in the past month to Mexico City. 34% of the sample indicated that they knew of at least 1 family planning method and 13% indicated that they knew how to use at least 1 method. 79% reported having never used any family planning method. The more the respondent reported about being exposed to radio the more he/she knew about family planning and practiced it and the fewer children she/he had. The greater the respondents reported exposure to print media the more positive was his/her attitude towards family planning and the fewer children she/he reported having. The more a person traveled to Mexico City the more likely he/she was to report practicing family planning regardless of age sex or socioeconomic status.