External Changes Research Articles

Unpacking Organizational Agency in Institutional Change: The role of executives’ political connections and shareholders’ investment horizons

In studies where institutional changes are initiated outside of the organization, two key actors are identified: the institutional entrepreneur, who initiates the change, and the affected organization, which is impacted. This study highlights the crucial role of the affected organization’s agency in adopting new practices in response to normative institutional changes, shifting the focus beyond external initiators. We develop a novel theoretical framework that highlights the interplay between organizational agency and external institutional changes, demonstrating how strategic responses are shaped by both affected organizations and external pressures. Using the Pollution Information Transparency Index (PITI) project as a vehicle for normative institutional change, this study conducts a thorough analysis of its effect on firms’ new practices – environmental innovation – employing longitudinal data (2006–2018) covering 1,988 Chinese listed industrial firms. Our findings reveal that the outcome of normative changes in fostering the adoption of new practices significantly depends on the agency of the affected organizations, moderated by executives’ political connections and shareholders’ investment horizons. Specifically, firms led by executives with weaker political connections or supported by shareholders with long-term investment horizons are more likely to embrace these changes, while those with stronger political connections or a short-term focus tend to resist them. This research not only bridges a significant gap in the literature by highlighting the critical role of affected organizations’ agency but also expands the scope of analysis in institutional change, providing deeper insights into the complex relationship between organizational agency and institutional change.

Optimization of Ship Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ADRC Based on Improved QPSO

To address the impact of load variations, external environmental changes, and the tuning of the parameters on Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) used in ships, this study proposes an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) strategy for PMSMs, optimized by the Quantum-behaved Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm. First, based on the PMSM model, the study addresses the limited disturbance rejection capability of the traditional fal function in the Extended State Observer (ESO) of conventional ADRC. To improve the accuracy of the state observer, the faln function is introduced as a replacement for the traditional fal function. Second, due to the numerous parameters in ADRC, which are difficult to tune, the QPSO algorithm—known for its strong global search capabilities and fast convergence speed—is utilized for parameter optimization. Additionally, the position update formula within the optimization algorithm is revised and optimized. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted using the Matlab/Simulink platform, where practical conditions, such as load fluctuations and random noise, are incorporated. The simulation results demonstrate that, compared to PSO-ADRC control, IPSO-ADRC control, and ICFO-ADRC control, the proposed method offers a superior dynamic response. Specifically, the speed control accuracy is improved by 46.7%, torque ripple is reduced by 50.8%, and harmonic distortion decreases by 23.1%. These results highlight the significant advantages of this method in enhancing system robustness, dynamic response speed, and steady-state accuracy, making it particularly suitable for PMSM control systems in complex dynamic environments, such as those encountered on ships.

Rapid amplitude control of high-power ultrasonic transducers using deep reinforcement learning

Abstract Rapid response control of ultrasonic transducers is crucial for applications such as welding, machining, aeronautics, and semiconductor manufacturing. Traditional control methods, using voltage amplitude and frequency adjustments, perform well but often require complex circuitry to adjust the voltage, making them less practical. This study proposes a quick and accurate method for controlling current amplitude through frequency adjustments using deep reinforcement learning (DRL). The system was trained to adjust the frequency based on real-time feedback of the current states. Experimental validation with a Langevin transducer shows that the DRL system achieves near-optimal performance with faster and robuster response than PID control, effectively managing nonlinearities such as hysteresis and the jump phenomena. Future research may include extending this approach to multi-mode transducers, and enhancing robustness to external condition change. These findings underscore the DRL system's potential as a practical alternative to conventional methods, in managing the complex nonlinearity of high-power ultrasonic transducers.

Stimuli‐Responsive Functional Polymeric Materials: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

AbstractInspired by the extreme structural complexity and functional efficiency of biomolecules, researchers have developed stimuli‐responsive materials, capable of adapting their structural conformations and physicochemical properties upon external changes in temperature, pH, light, etc. These materials can expand, contract, or bend in response to external stimuli, which makes them useful for a variety of applications such as biomedicine, sensors, shape‐memory devices, and smart interface materials. Multistimuli‐responsive materials exhibit enhanced features than single‐/dual‐responsive materials, affording enhanced fine tuning of their parameters. Among such materials, reversibly cross‐linked networks have generated increasing interest recently due to their 3D architecture and unique properties, based on the low viscosity, good solubility, and high functionality of the building blocks, which can be further modified. In order to achieve dynamic self‐assembly, future research on stimuli‐responsive macromolecular self‐assembly should mimic thec structures, functions, and processes found in nature.

The Association of Genetic Variants Within the Type XII Collagen and Tenascin C Genes with Knee Joint Laxity Measurements

Background/Objectives: Types I, V, and XI collagen gene variants have been reported to associate with measurements of knee joint laxity and/or absolute knee ligament length changes. Type XII collagen and tenascin C are also ligament structural proteins whose expression is regulated by mechanical loading. This study investigated whether COL12A1 and TNC variants are associated with knee laxity and/or ligament length changes. Methods: Genu recurvatum, anterior–posterior tibial translation, external–internal tibial rotation, and ligament length changes were measured in 128 healthy participants. They were genotyped for COL12A1 (rs970547) and TNC (rs1061494, rs2104772, rs1138545). Results: Both the COL12A1 AA and TNC rs1061494 TT genotypes were associated with decreased external (p = 0.007, p = 0.010) and internal (p = 0.025, p = 0.002) rotation, as well as slack (p = 0.033, p = 0.014), in the dominant leg. Both genotypes, together with sex, weight, and/or COL1A1 genotypes, explained 26% and 32% of the variance in external and internal rotation, respectively. The TNC genotype, sex, and BMI explained 23% of the variance in slack. The COL12A1 AA and the TNC rs1061494 TT genotypes were associated with smaller changes in the MCL (aMCL: COL12A1 p = 0.009, TNC p = 0.045; iMCL: COL12A1 p = 0.004, TNC p = 0.043; pMCL: COL12A1 p = 0.003, TNC p = 0.067; aDMCL: COL12A1 p = 0.007, TNC p = 0.020; pDMCL: COL12A1 p = 0.007, TNC p = 0.023) and/or LCL (COL12A1 p = 0.652, TNC p = 0.049) lengths within the dominant knee. The TNC rs1061494 CC genotype was associated with larger changes in the non-dominant anterior (p = 0.021) and posterior (p < 0.001) ACL bundle lengths. Conclusions: These findings suggest that COL12A1 and TNC variants are associated with internal–external tibial rotation and knee ligament length changes in healthy individuals.

Mechanically Adaptive Materials Based on Dynamic Chemical Bonds.

Adaptiveness is an important feature for biological creatures to survive and interact with variable environments. Mechanically adaptive polymers (MAPs), which have been developed recently inspired by this adaptive nature, can regulate their mechanical properties in response to external stimuli or environmental changes. Specifically, MAPs based on dynamic chemical bonds have been synthesized and reported as an emerging material because of the intrinsic self-adaptability, outstanding mechanical properties and durable applications. This review primarily focuses on the recent advancements in the fabrication of MAPs through the utilization of dynamic covalent bonds and non-covalent bonds. A comprehensive summary of the methodologies and mechanisms employed to attain high energy dissipation in MAPs is provided. Subsequently, the review offers incisive analyses of the intrinsic functionalities of MAPs, such as high impact-stiffening, damping, and buffering capabilities. Finally, the developmental achievements within this domain are recapitulated, the potential challenges, and future research perspectives in MAPs are deliberated.

Research on Russian Loanwords from the Perspective of Sociolinguistics

In the long process of social development, countries, regions, and ethnic groups may spontaneously or involuntarily borrow foreign words in the process of communication and collision due to practical needs such as political and economic system reform, scientific and technological development, trade exchanges, or external environmental changes. Sociolinguistics is an important means of studying the characteristics and development process of foreign vocabulary. This article employs theoretical analysis approaches to further investigate Russian loanwords within the context of established sociolinguistic theories and loanword expression theories. Through a comprehensive analysis of synchronicity and diachronicity, we can better understand the borrowing, use, and development process of loanwords in Russian. The research findings demonstrate that the incorporation of loanwords occurs unevenly across all stages of social development and sectors of society within the same timeframe, highlighting their significant influence on language and culture.

Strategic Design for Sustainable Productivity of Military Division of The Governmental Organization

This study aims to analyze the impact of the balanced scorecard and good corporate governance on the productivity of military organization and develop strategies to ensure its sustainability. This research implements a mixed-method utilizing a sequential explanatory research plan. This process was followed by a mapping strategy culminating in the presentation of conclusions. One hundred individuals who worked in the military division of the governmental organization were surveyed to collect quantitative and qualitative data. This study determined that the environment is the primary factor in guaranteeing the long-term productivity sustainability of government organizations within military divisions. The implication is that leaders need to conduct an in-depth research and be aware of the internal and external environmental changes that occur in military departmental government organizations.

A computational tool to infer enzyme activity using post-translational modification profiling data

Enzymes play a pivotal role in orchestrating complex cellular responses to external stimuli and environmental changes through signal transduction pathways. Despite their crucial roles, measuring enzyme activities is typically indirect and performed on a smaller scale, unlike protein abundance measured by high-throughput proteomics. Moreover, it is challenging to derive the activity of enzymes from proteome-wide post-translational modification (PTM) profiling data. To address this challenge, we introduce enzyme activity inference with structural equation modeling under the JUMP umbrella (JUMPsem), a novel computational tool designed to infer enzyme activity using PTM profiling data. We demonstrate that the JUMPsem program enables estimating kinase activities using phosphoproteome data, ubiquitin E3 ligase activities from the ubiquitinome, and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activities based on the acetylome. In addition, JUMPsem is capable of establishing novel enzyme-substrate relationships through searching motif sequences. JUMPsem outperforms widely used kinase activity tools, such as IKAP and KSEA, in terms of the number of kinases and the computational speed. The JUMPsem program is scalable and publicly available as an open-source R package and user-friendly web-based R/Shiny app. Collectively, JUMPsem provides an improved tool for inferring protein enzyme activities, potentially facilitating targeted drug development.

A retrospective Study on Intestinal Injury from Blunt Abdominal Trauma

Introduction: Blunt abdominal trauma is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Suppose there are no indications of external trauma or changes in the patient's vital signs; blunt abdominal injuries might be complicated to identify at first. It is possible to lose a significant amount of blood without the abdomen appearing significantly different. A direct blow from blunt trauma can result in visceral damage and solid organ rupture, which can cause hemorrhage, peritonitis, and related pelvic injuries. The liver, small bowel, and spleen are the most frequently injured organs. Objectives: To find out the etiology, manifestation, anatomical distribution, diagnostic method, management, and outcome of intestinal injuries from blunt abdominal trauma. Material and Methods: About 59 individuals who had laparotomies during a 3-year period to treat intestine damage from traumatic abdominal trauma were included in the research. In a retrospective analysis, the patients' causes, presentations, anatomical distributions, diagnostic techniques, related injuries, courses of therapy, and deaths were all examined. Results: About 59 individuals with 60 significant bowel and mesentery lesions from blunt abdominal trauma were conducted. The average age was 36.78 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 5.5: 1. About 60 people sustained severe injuries. Furthermore, there were 50 minor intestinal injuries, which included 48 perforations, 12 major seromuscular injuries, and seven mesenteric, eleven colonic, and one duodenal injury. Thirty-three individuals suffered injuries from automobile incidents. The most frequent damage was a perforation at the small bowel's antimesenteric boundary. For colonic perforations, treatment included protective colostomy after resection, anastomosis, and perforation repair. There were 2 (3.38%) documented fatalities, and 10 (16.9%) individuals experienced significant problems. Conclusion: Due to its enormous infectious potential, early detection of intestinal injuries following severe abdominal trauma is crucial, even if it might be challenging. Severe injuries are frequently linked to intestinal perforations and are likely the deciding factors in survival.

Terahertz programmable metasurface based on solid-state plasma.

Terahertz modulation technology based on programmable metasurfaces can respond in real time to external signals or environmental changes, enabling flexible and adaptive control of terahertz waves. This technology demonstrates significant potential and importance across various fields, including communication, imaging, scientific research, security monitoring, and industrial applications. This paper proposes a terahertz programmable metasurface based on solid-state plasma, utilizing solid-state plasma devices to achieve dynamic control of properties such as the amplitude and phase of terahertz waves. Compared to traditional silicon-based devices, GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures enhance both the forward current and solid-state plasma concentration of the metasurface devices by two orders of magnitude, with carrier concentrations exceeding 1019 cm-3. Additionally, we designed a solid-state plasma metasurface containing 12×12 supercells, achieving dynamic modulation of terahertz waves in the elevation direction through different coding schemes. Furthermore, this paper explores the stealth control mechanism of solid-state plasma metasurfaces, achieving effective cloaking of detection targets through specific phase compensation.

Research on Key Factors and Management Strategies of Project Cost Control

In order to explore the key factors and management strategies of project cost control, this article adopts literature analysis method to deeply analyze various factors that affect project costs, including decision-making in project planning phase, management in construction phase, and changes in external environment. Research has shown that scope determination and design scheme selection in project planning have a significant impact on cost control, and technology and human resource management in the construction process cannot be ignored. In addition, market price fluctuations and changes in policies and regulations also have a significant impact on project costs. Based on these analyses, a series of effective management strategies have been proposed, including strengthening project planning management, implementing dynamic cost monitoring, and enhancing the ability to respond to external environmental changes.

Implikasi Filsafat Aliran Esensialisme Dalam Budaya Pendidikan Indonesia Di Sekolah Dasar

Essentialism is a philosophical school that emphasizes the existence of an essence or essential core in every object, concept, or entity. This school argues that every individual or entity has basic characteristics that determine its identity, which are independent of social context or external changes. Essentialist education includes science, art and everything related to human will. The aim of this research is to determine the influence and implications of essentialism in emphasizing local cultural values, the importance of basic knowledge, and character education which has a positive impact on students' development in facing the challenges of everyday life. The data collection method used was by collecting literature studies in the form of journals and interviewing elementary school teachers at Runiah School to gain a deep understanding of the implications of essentialism in the culture of education in elementary schools. The results of research on essentialism in education encourage the integration of cultural values, basic knowledge including subjects subjects such as mathematics, science, and language. The essentialism approach has a main focus on building student character. There are advantages and disadvantages to this essentialism school. Through this approach, students can develop positive attitudes and good behavior in everyday life while understanding and appreciating the cultural diversity around them and essentialism encouraging the integration of local cultural values, such as mutual cooperation activities, social responsibility, and respect for parents, into the educational curriculum.

Balancing limited resources in actin network competition.

In cells, multiple actin networks coexist in a dynamic manner. These networks compete for a common pool of actin monomers and actin-binding proteins. Interestingly, all of these networks manage to coexist despite the strong competition for resources. Moreover, the coexistence of networks with various strengths is key to cell adaptation to external changes. However, a comprehensive view of how these networks coexist in this competitive environment, where resources are limited, is still lacking. To address this question, we used a reconstituted system, in closed microwells, consisting of beads propelled by actin polymerization or micropatterns functionalized with lipids capable of initiating polymerization close to a membrane. This system enabled us to build dynamic actin architectures, competing for a limited pool of proteins, over a period of hours. We demonstrated the importance of protein turnover for the coexistence of actin networks, showing that it ensures resource distribution between weak and strong networks. However, when competition becomes too intense, turnover alone is insufficient, leading to a selection process that favors the strongest networks. Consequently, we emphasize the importance of competition strength, which is defined by the turnover rate, the amount of available protein, and the number of competing structures. More generally, this work illustrates how turnover allows biological populations with various competition strengths to coexist despite resource constraints.

Integrating crop and dairy production systems: Exploring different strategies to achieve environmental targets.

The integration between crop and livestock production systems (ICLS) at regional level is seen as a pathway for more sustainable food production. The objective was to assess the effects on farm structure, economic performance and environmental impact of an ICLS with varying constraints on agricultural emissions, changes in land use and a lower external input use as means to achieve environmental targets. A linear optimization model was used for economic optimization of ICLS under different scenarios for the case of crop and dairy production systems on sandy soils in the Netherlands. The model was combined with a farm nutrient balance and life-cycle assessment to determine the impact on nutrient surpluses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Environmental costs for society were calculated based on available prices for GHG emissions and nutrient surpluses. As a reference, specialized crop and livestock systems without integration were optimized. An economically driven ICLS under current Dutch policy without additional constraints was modelled. This strategy was economically interesting and increased gross margins, but the environmental costs for society were higher when compared to the reference systems without integration. Thereafter, four scenarios were modelled representing varying constraints as a means to achieve environmental targets. These scenarios were hypothesized to lower the environmental costs for society by targeting a reduction in agricultural emissions, lower external input use or changes in land use. Stricter constraints on greenhouse gas (i.e., a reduction of at least 30%) and ammonia (i.e., a reduction of at least 37%) emissions and de-intensification strategies (e.g., lower milk production per cow, reduced concentrate intake per cow and lower mineral N fertilizer use in the dairy sub-system) reduced gross margins of the ICLS up to €34,395yr-1. Furthermore, it resulted in a substantial reduction in the gross margin for the dairy sub-system, while gross margins for the crop sub-system substantially increased. However, these scenarios reduced environmental impacts and associated costs for society substantially up to €60,045yr-1. For a scenario with land use constraints (i.e., stricter constraints on area proportions for potatoes and sugar beets and an increase in the area used for permanent grassland) there were still economic benefits while there was also reduction in the environmental costs of production. The results help to further design and assess the potential contribution of ICLS to improve the sustainability of the current farming system.

Prediction of arch dam deformation considering the coupling impact of external environmental changes and structural characteristics

Prediction of arch dam deformation considering the coupling impact of external environmental changes and structural characteristics

Dual-mode Low Noise Large Range Magnetic Sensor based on Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect

Magnetic sensors are widely used in the fields of navigation, transportation, robotics, automation, and medical equipment, and the performance requirements of sensors are getting higher and higher. In this article, a bimodal magnetic sensor with two advantages of a large number of processes and low noise is proposed. The sensor consists of a 640μH core-wound inductor in series with a 100pF capacitor. When the external magnetic field changes, the magnetization state of the core in the inductor changes, the inductance value also changes, while the resonant frequency and impedance value of the sensor change with the magnetic field.<br>In this paper, the giant magnetic impedance characteristics of the RLC series circuit were analyzed, and the relationship between magnetic permeability, inductance value, and external magnetic field was established, and the series resonant frequency of the circuit was simulated to calculate the characteristics of the circuit with respect to the inductance variation.Then, two test systems were set up to test the resonance frequency versus magnetic field and the noise characteristics of the sensor.<br>In impedance mode, the effects of capacitance, drive signal frequency, and static bias magnetic field on the sensor noise floor were first analyzed to determine the optimal parameters of the sensor. When the series capacitance of the sensor is 100pF, the drive signal frequency is 1MHz, and the static bias magnetic field is 7.66Oe, the sensor has the optimal performance with an equivalent noise floor of about $200 p T / \sqrt{H z} @ 1 H z$,an impedance rate of change sensitivity of 160.6%/Oe, and a linear range of about 2Oe.In the frequency mode, the sensor operates linearly up to 25Oe, and using a logistic regression model to fit the resonant frequency to the magnetic field variation, the fit reaches 0.9974, and when the static bias magnetic field is about 7.66Oe, the sensor sensitivity is about 47kHz/Oe.<br>Not only that, with commercial components costing only ¥10 and excellent performance, the sensor has great market potential compared with other common different kinds of magnetic sensors on the market.

대한민국 임시의정원 美領 의원의 선출과 특성

In this thesis, we looked into how the members of the Provisional Assembly were elected and what kind of people they were. In early days of Members in Electoral Districts of U.S. territories were served by Korean-Americans, and people with personal connections to leaders of the Korean-American community were appointed. In the midterm, members of the Young Korean Academy served as Members in Electoral Districts of U.S. territories. At last, in the latter part, Korean Independence Party forces settled in Electoral Districts of U.S. territories and served as members of Congress. Election of Electoral Districts of U.S. territories shows both ways of direct and indirect elections. Along the way, internal and external changes of Korean American society and The Korean Provisional Congress had a direct impact.

EXPLORING FACTORS AFFECTING FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING USING PENTAGON THEORY

This research aims to prove empirical evidence of the influence of fraudulent financial reporting factors with the fraud pentagon model approach, such as Pressure (financial targets, financial stability, external pressure), Opportunity (ineffective monitoring, nature of industry), Rationality (the change of auditors), Capability (change of directors) and Arrogance (the number of CEO’s picture) on fraudulent financial reporting. The sample method of this study used purposive sampling method and produces 213 data or 71 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2021. The data has been obtained then analyzed using the multiple regression method.. The results of this study prove that external pressure and change of directors has effect on fraudulent financial reporting, while financial targets, financial stability, ineffective monitoring, nature of industry, the change of auditors (KAP), and the number of CEO’s picture have no influence on fraudulent financial reporting. The results of this study have implications for the theory of fraudulent financial reporting by investigating fraud indicators in CrowI's fraud theory or strengthening the Pentagon Fraud Theory. Practical implications, this study has significant implications for auditors, regulators, creditors and shareholders. The findings indicate that external pressure (leverage) and capability (change of directors) can be used to detect fraud in financial statements.

Benefits and Challenges of Employee Reskilling Using Agile Approach

Facing strong industry pressures, an Indonesian telecommunications company formulates a transformation strategy. The company aims to perform business refocusing to exploit the growing business-to-business (B2B) market. Consequently, the employees need a reskilling program from business-to-consumer (B2C) marketing to B2B marketing. However, there are complexities and uncertainties in managing the reskilling program. From the information and technology field, agile approaches offer methodologies for managing a project amidst high uncertainties and external changes. Currently, research on how agile approaches benefit non-information technology projects such as reskilling is few. This research aims to explore the key benefits and challenges in implementing a reskilling program with an agile framework. Methodology applied in this study includes secondary data analysis, interviews and thematic analysis to gain insight from qualitative data collection. The interview results indicate that an agile approach benefits participants by vast learning opportunities, strengthening their understanding of new target markets, and gaining confidence and a new mindset in conducting B2B sales. Moreover, the challenges that must be addressed are that the generalized journey design does not effectively cater to the diverse needs of all participants, as well as difficulties in managing time to balance initial assignments and mastering product knowledge within a short timeframe.